Modeling and prediction for movies
José M. Pais-Chanfrau (ECU)
Setup
Load packages
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(statsr)
library(GGally)Load data
Make sure your data and R Markdown files are in the same directory. When loaded your data file will be called movies. Delete this note when before you submit your work.
load("D:/Curso online - Statistics with R - Program 5 courses - Univ Duke/Course 3 - Linear Regression and Modeling/Semana 3 - Multiple Regression/_e1fe0c85abec6f73c72d73926884eaca_movies.gz")
View(movies)Codebook
title: Title of movie
title_type: Type of movie (Documentary, Feature Film, TV Movie)
genre: Genre of movie (Action & Adventure, Comedy, Documentary, Drama, Horror, Mystery & Suspense, Other)
runtime: Runtime of movie (in minutes)
mpaa_rating: MPAA rating of the movie (G, PG, PG-13, R, Unrated)
studio: Studio that produced the movie
thtr_rel_year: Year the movie is released in theaters
thtr_rel_month: Month the movie is released in theaters
thtr_rel_day: Day of the month the movie is released in theaters
dvd_rel_year: Year the movie is released on DVD
dvd_rel_month: Month the movie is released on DVD
dvd_rel_day: Day of the month the movie is released on DVD
imdb_rating: Rating on IMDB
imdb_num_votes: Number of votes on IMDB
critics_rating: Categorical variable for critics rating on Rotten Tomatoes (Certified Fresh, Fresh, Rotten)
critics_score: Critics score on Rotten Tomatoes
audience_rating: Categorical variable for audience rating on Rotten Tomatoes (Spilled, Upright)
audience_score: Audience score on Rotten Tomatoes
best_pic_nom: Whether or not the movie was nominated for a best picture Oscar (no, yes)
best_pic_win: Whether or not the movie won a best picture Oscar (no, yes)
best_actor_win: Whether or not one of the main actors in the movie ever won an Oscar (no, yes) – note that this is not necessarily whether the actor won an Oscar for their role in the given movie
best_actress_win: Whether or not one of the main actresses in the movie ever won an Oscar (no, yes) – not that this is not necessarily whether the actresses won an Oscar for their role in the given movie
best_dir_win: Whether or not the director of the movie ever won an Oscar (no, yes) – not that this is not necessarily whether the director won an Oscar for the given movie
top200_box: Whether or not the movie is in the Top 200 Box Office list on BoxOfficeMojo (no, yes)
director: Director of the movie
actor1: First main actor/actress in the abridged cast of the movie
actor2: Second main actor/actress in the abridged cast of the movie
actor3: Third main actor/actress in the abridged cast of the movie
actor4: Fourth main actor/actress in the abridged cast of the movie
actor5: Fifth main actor/actress in the abridged cast of the movie
imdb_url: Link to IMDB page for the movie
rt_url: Link to Rotten Tomatoes page for the movie
Part 1: Data
The data set is comprised of 651 randomly sample movies produced and released before 2016. Paramount-Pictures has just acquired this data about how much audiences and critics like these movies as well as numerous other variables about the movies. They are interested in learning what attributes make a movie popular. Also, they interested in learning something new about movies.Part 2: Research question
movies database has randomly selected a sample of 651 films and has placed in it the results of the opinions and evaluations that users and critics have expressed about these films, compiled in the databases of IMDb and Rotten Tomatoes.
Part 3: Exploratory data analysis
# imdb_rating vs imdb_num_votes
ggplot(data = movies, aes(x = imdb_num_votes, y = imdb_rating)) + geom_jitter() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm")## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
cor(movies$imdb_rating,movies$imdb_num_votes)## [1] 0.3311525Although it seems logical that the number of people who vote for a movie (imdb_num_votes) and the popularity of the movie (imdb_rating) should be very strongly related, a weak correlation is observed between these variables (r = 0.331125)
# critics_score vs audience_score
ggplot(data = movies, aes(x = critics_score, y = audience_score)) + geom_jitter() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm")## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
cor(movies$critics_score,movies$audience_score)## [1] 0.7042762hist(movies$imdb_rating)
quantile(movies$imdb_rating)## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 1.9 5.9 6.6 7.3 9.0hist(movies$audience_score)
quantile(movies$audience_score)## 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
## 11 46 65 80 97A good correlation is observed (0.7043), however, between the popularity of a movie (audience_score) and its acceptance among the critics (critics_score).
We can consider as “popular” those films that are in the upper quarterly, that is, those whose values of imdb_rating > 7.3 or those whose value of audience_score > 80.
# imdb_rating vs audience_score
ggplot(data = movies, aes(x = imdb_rating, y = audience_score)) + geom_jitter() +
geom_smooth(method = "lm")## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
cor(movies$imdb_rating, movies$audience_score)## [1] 0.8648652Whereas, when the popularity of the selected films is compared, between the compilations made by IMBd and Tomatoes Rotten, called imdb_rating and audience_score, respectively, a very good correlation between the two is observed (0.8649).
pop_score <- movies %>%
select(imdb_rating, imdb_num_votes, critics_score, audience_score)
ggpairs(pop_score, columns = 1:4)
These variables are collinear (correlated), and adding more than one of these variables to the model would not add much value to the model. In this application and with these correlated predictors, it is reasonable to use imdb_rating or audience_rating as the single representative of these variables.
Part 4: Modeling
popular_imdb_studio <- lm(imdb_rating ~ studio, data = movies)
summary(popular_imdb_studio)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = imdb_rating ~ studio, data = movies)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -4.3233 -0.3644 0.0000 0.4536 2.8250
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 5.783333 0.240188 24.078
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporat 2.166667 0.759542 2.853
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporation 1.036667 0.515146 2.012
## studio7-57 Releasing 0.716667 1.046956 0.685
## studio7th art 2.116667 1.046956 2.022
## studio905 Corporation 0.416667 1.046956 0.398
## studioA24 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioA24 Films 0.416667 0.759542 0.549
## studioAll Girl Productions -0.883333 1.046956 -0.844
## studioAlliance Atlantis Communications 1.016667 1.046956 0.971
## studioAmerican International Pictures -0.883333 1.046956 -0.844
## studioAnalysis 0.716667 1.046956 0.685
## studioAnchor Bay Entertainment 0.166667 0.759542 0.219
## studioAnchor Bay Films 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioArab Film Distribution 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioArenas Entertainment 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioArtisan Entertainment 0.666667 0.759542 0.878
## studioAVCO Embassy Pictures 0.616667 1.046956 0.589
## studioBankside Films 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioBlumhouse 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioBMG 1.116667 1.046956 1.067
## studioBrainstorm Media 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## studioBuena Vista -0.083333 0.480376 -0.173
## studioBuena Vista Distribution Compa 2.016667 0.759542 2.655
## studioBuena Vista Internationa 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioBuena Vista Pictures 0.816667 0.416018 1.963
## studioCarnaby International 1.116667 1.046956 1.067
## studioChloe Productions -2.283333 1.046956 -2.181
## studioCine-Source 0.216667 1.046956 0.207
## studioCinema Libre Studio 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioCinema Seven Productions Ltd 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioCinetic Media 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## studioCode Red 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioColumbia Pictures 0.902381 0.453913 1.988
## studioColumbia Tristar Pictures 0.916667 1.046956 0.876
## studioConcorde/New Horizons Home Video -2.383333 1.046956 -2.276
## studioCowboy Pictures 1.516667 0.759542 1.997
## studioCriterion Collection 2.416667 1.046956 2.308
## studioCrown International Pictures -2.383333 1.046956 -2.276
## studioD&E Entertainment 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioDestination Films -2.183333 1.046956 -2.085
## studioDimension Films 0.416667 1.046956 0.398
## studioDisney 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## studioDiva 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioDreamworks -0.283333 1.046956 -0.271
## studioDreamWorks Studios 2.316667 1.046956 2.213
## studioE1 Entertainment -1.683333 1.046956 -1.608
## studioEcho Bridge Home Entertainment 0.816667 1.046956 0.780
## studioEmbassy 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioEmpire Pictures 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioeRealBiz 0.816667 1.046956 0.780
## studioFabrication Films 1.316667 1.046956 1.258
## studioFathom Events 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioFilm Movement 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioFilmDistrict 1.166667 0.759542 1.536
## studioFireworks Pictures 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioFirst Look -2.283333 1.046956 -2.181
## studioFirst Run Entertainment 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioFirst Run Features 1.833333 0.480376 3.816
## studioFocus Features 0.866667 0.563291 1.539
## studioFox 1.016667 0.635478 1.600
## studioFox Atomic -1.083333 0.759542 -1.426
## studioFox Searchlight 1.441667 0.563291 2.559
## studioFox Searchlight Pictures 0.950000 0.635478 1.495
## studioFreestyle Releasing -1.983333 1.046956 -1.894
## studioGener8Xion Entertainment 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioGenius Productions 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioGood Machine 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## studioGramercy Pictures 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioGravitas 0.316667 1.046956 0.302
## studioGravitas Ventures 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioGreyCat Films 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioGrindhouse Entertainment 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioGroup 1 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioHatchet Films 0.016667 1.046956 0.016
## studioHBO Documentary 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioHBO Video 1.041667 0.433005 2.406
## studioHemdale 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioHK Film Corporation -0.883333 1.046956 -0.844
## studioHollywood Pictures -0.283333 0.635478 -0.446
## studioHouston Museum of Natural Scie 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioIcarus Films 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## studioIFC 1.183333 0.635478 1.862
## studioIFC Films 0.832051 0.370903 2.243
## studioIFC First Take 1.916667 1.046956 1.831
## studioIFC Midnight 0.316667 1.046956 0.302
## studioImage Entertainment 0.416667 0.635478 0.656
## studioIndependent Pictures 1.750000 0.635478 2.754
## studioIndipix 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioIndomina Films 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioIndomina Media Inc. -0.283333 1.046956 -0.271
## studioInnovation Film Group 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioIsland 1.316667 1.046956 1.258
## studioKaga Bay 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioLaurel Entertainment 0.616667 1.046956 0.589
## studioLevitt-Pickman Film Corporation 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioLiberation Entertainment 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioLions Gate Films 0.859524 0.453913 1.894
## studioLions Gate Films Inc. 0.216667 1.046956 0.207
## studioLions Gate Releasing 1.616667 0.759542 2.128
## studioLionsgate -0.408333 0.563291 -0.725
## studioLionsGate Entertainment 0.366667 0.759542 0.483
## studioLionsgate Films -1.116667 0.635478 -1.757
## studioLionsgate Releasing 0.916667 1.046956 0.876
## studioLive Home Video 0.566667 0.759542 0.746
## studioLorimar Home Video 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioMadman Entertainment 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioMagic Lamp Releasing 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioMagnet Releasing 0.616667 1.046956 0.589
## studioMagnet/Magnolia Pictures 2.216667 1.046956 2.117
## studioMagnolia Pictures 1.072222 0.416018 2.577
## studioMCA Universal Home Video 0.278205 0.370903 0.750
## studioMedia Home Entertainment 1.416667 1.046956 1.353
## studioMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioMGM -0.108333 0.350131 -0.309
## studioMGM Home Entertainment 0.783333 0.416018 1.883
## studioMGM/UA 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioMGM/United Artists -0.283333 1.046956 -0.271
## studioMillenium Entertainment 0.016667 1.046956 0.016
## studioMiramax 0.416667 0.453913 0.918
## studioMiramax Films 0.838889 0.339677 2.470
## studioMusic Box Films 1.666667 0.759542 2.194
## studioNational General Pictures 1.316667 1.046956 1.258
## studioNational Geographic 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioNational Geographic Entertainment 2.166667 0.759542 2.853
## studioNelson Entertainment 0.666667 0.759542 0.878
## studioNew Concorde Home Entertainment -0.083333 1.046956 -0.080
## studioNew Line Cinema -0.143333 0.401912 -0.357
## studioNew Line Home Entertainment 0.002381 0.453913 0.005
## studioNew World Pictures 1.016667 1.046956 0.971
## studioNew World Video 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioNew Yorker Films 2.083333 0.635478 3.278
## studioNewmarket Film Group 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioNewmarket Films 2.716667 1.046956 2.595
## studioNordisk Film Biograf Distribution 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioNordisk Film Biografdistributi 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioOctober Films 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioOpen Road Films -1.083333 1.046956 -1.035
## studioOrion 0.416667 1.046956 0.398
## studioOrion Home Video 0.316667 0.515146 0.615
## studioOrion Pictures 1.316667 1.046956 1.258
## studioOrion Pictures Corporation 0.816667 0.563291 1.450
## studioOutsider Films 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioOverture Films 0.766667 0.759542 1.009
## studioParamount -0.763333 0.515146 -1.482
## studioParamount Classics 0.816667 1.046956 0.780
## studioParamount Home Video 0.225000 0.379771 0.592
## studioParamount Pictures 0.778829 0.292841 2.660
## studioParamount Studios -0.033333 0.563291 -0.059
## studioParamount Vantage 0.916667 1.046956 0.876
## studioPicturehouse 0.416667 1.046956 0.398
## studioPolyGram Video 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioRelativity Media 0.616667 1.046956 0.589
## studioRepublic Pictures Home Video 1.766667 0.759542 2.326
## studioRoadside Attraction -0.183333 1.046956 -0.175
## studioRoadside Attractions 1.066667 0.759542 1.404
## studioSag Harbor-Basement Pictures 2.316667 1.046956 2.213
## studioSaguenay Films 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Company 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Films 0.416667 0.759542 0.549
## studioScreen Gems 0.250000 0.635478 0.393
## studioSeventh Art Productions 1.716667 1.046956 1.640
## studioShcalo Media Group 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioSnagFilms 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioSony Entertainment 1.516667 1.046956 1.449
## studioSony Pictures 0.336667 0.401912 0.838
## studioSony Pictures Classics 1.356667 0.401912 3.376
## studioSony Pictures Entertainment 0.766667 0.563291 1.361
## studioSony Pictures Home Entertainment 0.405556 0.310082 1.308
## studioSony Pictures/Columbia 0.016667 1.046956 0.016
## studioSony Pictures/Screen Gems 0.866667 0.759542 1.141
## studioStrand Releasing 2.166667 0.759542 2.853
## studioSummit Entertainment 1.116667 0.635478 1.757
## studioTango Entertainment 1.016667 1.046956 0.971
## studioThe Film Arcade 0.616667 1.046956 0.589
## studioThe Jerry Gross Organization 1.116667 1.046956 1.067
## studioThe Shooting Gallery 1.416667 1.046956 1.353
## studioThe Weinstein Co. 1.250000 0.635478 1.967
## studioThe Weinstein Company 0.959524 0.453913 2.114
## studioThinkFilm 0.816667 0.635478 1.285
## studioTouchstone Home Entertainment 1.216667 1.046956 1.162
## studioTouchstone Pictures 1.066667 0.563291 1.894
## studioTribeca Films 0.516667 1.046956 0.493
## studioTrimark 0.516667 0.759542 0.680
## studioTrimark Pictures 1.316667 1.046956 1.258
## studioTriStar 2.116667 1.046956 2.022
## studioTriStar Pictures 1.066667 0.759542 1.404
## studioTwentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment 0.666667 0.363130 1.836
## studioUnited Artists 1.750000 0.480376 3.643
## studioUniversal 1.116667 1.046956 1.067
## studioUniversal Pictures 1.094928 0.320686 3.414
## studioUniversal Studios 0.666667 0.759542 0.878
## studioUrban Vision Entertainment 2.016667 1.046956 1.926
## studioUSA Films 0.516667 0.759542 0.680
## studioVestron Video 1.316667 1.046956 1.258
## studioVirgin Vision 0.616667 1.046956 0.589
## studioWalt Disney Home Entertainment 1.916667 1.046956 1.831
## studioWalt Disney Pictures 1.283333 0.635478 2.019
## studioWalt Disney Productions -0.083333 0.759542 -0.110
## studioWarner Bros Pictures 0.716667 1.046956 0.685
## studioWarner Bros. 0.573810 0.453913 1.264
## studioWarner Bros. Pictures 0.940000 0.303817 3.094
## studioWARNER BROTHERS PICTURES 0.438889 0.416018 1.055
## studioWarner Home Video 0.579825 0.335178 1.730
## studioWarner Independent 1.116667 1.046956 1.067
## studioWarner Independent Pictures 1.116667 0.635478 1.757
## studioWarners Bros. Pictures 0.116667 1.046956 0.111
## studioWeinstein Company -0.683333 0.759542 -0.900
## studioWinstar 1.616667 1.046956 1.544
## studioYari Film Group Releasing 1.016667 1.046956 0.971
## studioZeitgeist Films 1.816667 1.046956 1.735
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) < 2e-16 ***
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporat 0.004545 **
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporation 0.044801 *
## studio7-57 Releasing 0.494011
## studio7th art 0.043820 *
## studio905 Corporation 0.690842
## studioA24 0.911324
## studioA24 Films 0.583579
## studioAll Girl Productions 0.399295
## studioAlliance Atlantis Communications 0.332057
## studioAmerican International Pictures 0.399295
## studioAnalysis 0.494011
## studioAnchor Bay Entertainment 0.826418
## studioAnchor Bay Films 0.621914
## studioArab Film Distribution 0.148162
## studioArenas Entertainment 0.621914
## studioArtisan Entertainment 0.380582
## studioAVCO Embassy Pictures 0.556163
## studioBankside Films 0.148162
## studioBlumhouse 0.911324
## studioBMG 0.286755
## studioBrainstorm Media 0.083420 .
## studioBuena Vista 0.862359
## studioBuena Vista Distribution Compa 0.008221 **
## studioBuena Vista Internationa 0.123282
## studioBuena Vista Pictures 0.050281 .
## studioCarnaby International 0.286755
## studioChloe Productions 0.029728 *
## studioCine-Source 0.836147
## studioCinema Libre Studio 0.245837
## studioCinema Seven Productions Ltd 0.621914
## studioCinetic Media 0.083420 .
## studioCode Red 0.101801
## studioColumbia Pictures 0.047442 *
## studioColumbia Tristar Pictures 0.381759
## studioConcorde/New Horizons Home Video 0.023308 *
## studioCowboy Pictures 0.046472 *
## studioCriterion Collection 0.021455 *
## studioCrown International Pictures 0.023308 *
## studioD&E Entertainment 0.101801
## studioDestination Films 0.037618 *
## studioDimension Films 0.690842
## studioDisney 0.083420 .
## studioDiva 0.148162
## studioDreamworks 0.786808
## studioDreamWorks Studios 0.027436 *
## studioE1 Entertainment 0.108602
## studioEcho Bridge Home Entertainment 0.435795
## studioEmbassy 0.245837
## studioEmpire Pictures 0.245837
## studioeRealBiz 0.435795
## studioFabrication Films 0.209211
## studioFathom Events 0.123282
## studioFilm Movement 0.148162
## studioFilmDistrict 0.125267
## studioFireworks Pictures 0.621914
## studioFirst Look 0.029728 *
## studioFirst Run Entertainment 0.054733 .
## studioFirst Run Features 0.000155 ***
## studioFocus Features 0.124640
## studioFox 0.110364
## studioFox Atomic 0.154504
## studioFox Searchlight 0.010826 *
## studioFox Searchlight Pictures 0.135661
## studioFreestyle Releasing 0.058842 .
## studioGener8Xion Entertainment 0.621914
## studioGenius Productions 0.911324
## studioGood Machine 0.083420 .
## studioGramercy Pictures 0.054733 .
## studioGravitas 0.762444
## studioGravitas Ventures 0.148162
## studioGreyCat Films 0.245837
## studioGrindhouse Entertainment 0.911324
## studioGroup 1 0.911324
## studioHatchet Films 0.987306
## studioHBO Documentary 0.123282
## studioHBO Video 0.016562 *
## studioHemdale 0.245837
## studioHK Film Corporation 0.399295
## studioHollywood Pictures 0.655923
## studioHouston Museum of Natural Scie 0.148162
## studioIcarus Films 0.083420 .
## studioIFC 0.063266 .
## studioIFC Films 0.025383 *
## studioIFC First Take 0.067833 .
## studioIFC Midnight 0.762444
## studioImage Entertainment 0.512383
## studioIndependent Pictures 0.006139 **
## studioIndipix 0.101801
## studioIndomina Films 0.101801
## studioIndomina Media Inc. 0.786808
## studioInnovation Film Group 0.123282
## studioIsland 0.209211
## studioKaga Bay 0.123282
## studioLaurel Entertainment 0.556163
## studioLevitt-Pickman Film Corporation 0.911324
## studioLiberation Entertainment 0.123282
## studioLions Gate Films 0.058948 .
## studioLions Gate Films Inc. 0.836147
## studioLions Gate Releasing 0.033863 *
## studioLionsgate 0.468902
## studioLionsGate Entertainment 0.629520
## studioLionsgate Films 0.079591 .
## studioLionsgate Releasing 0.381759
## studioLive Home Video 0.456034
## studioLorimar Home Video 0.054733 .
## studioMadman Entertainment 0.101801
## studioMagic Lamp Releasing 0.911324
## studioMagnet Releasing 0.556163
## studioMagnet/Magnolia Pictures 0.034810 *
## studioMagnolia Pictures 0.010287 *
## studioMCA Universal Home Video 0.453618
## studioMedia Home Entertainment 0.176722
## studioMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures 0.101801
## studioMGM 0.757161
## studioMGM Home Entertainment 0.060381 .
## studioMGM/UA 0.621914
## studioMGM/United Artists 0.786808
## studioMillenium Entertainment 0.987306
## studioMiramax 0.359160
## studioMiramax Films 0.013910 *
## studioMusic Box Films 0.028745 *
## studioNational General Pictures 0.209211
## studioNational Geographic 0.245837
## studioNational Geographic Entertainment 0.004545 **
## studioNelson Entertainment 0.380582
## studioNew Concorde Home Entertainment 0.936596
## studioNew Line Cinema 0.721544
## studioNew Line Home Entertainment 0.995817
## studioNew World Pictures 0.332057
## studioNew World Video 0.911324
## studioNew Yorker Films 0.001128 **
## studioNewmarket Film Group 0.148162
## studioNewmarket Films 0.009786 **
## studioNordisk Film Biograf Distribution 0.148162
## studioNordisk Film Biografdistributi 0.148162
## studioOctober Films 0.123282
## studioOpen Road Films 0.301366
## studioOrion 0.690842
## studioOrion Home Video 0.539068
## studioOrion Pictures 0.209211
## studioOrion Pictures Corporation 0.147836
## studioOutsider Films 0.245837
## studioOverture Films 0.313357
## studioParamount 0.139128
## studioParamount Classics 0.435795
## studioParamount Home Video 0.553851
## studioParamount Pictures 0.008115 **
## studioParamount Studios 0.952839
## studioParamount Vantage 0.381759
## studioPicturehouse 0.690842
## studioPolyGram Video 0.621914
## studioRelativity Media 0.556163
## studioRepublic Pictures Home Video 0.020482 *
## studioRoadside Attraction 0.861075
## studioRoadside Attractions 0.160931
## studioSag Harbor-Basement Pictures 0.027436 *
## studioSaguenay Films 0.054733 .
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Company 0.083420 .
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Films 0.583579
## studioScreen Gems 0.694215
## studioSeventh Art Productions 0.101801
## studioShcalo Media Group 0.054733 .
## studioSnagFilms 0.054733 .
## studioSony Entertainment 0.148162
## studioSony Pictures 0.402683
## studioSony Pictures Classics 0.000803 ***
## studioSony Pictures Entertainment 0.174208
## studioSony Pictures Home Entertainment 0.191603
## studioSony Pictures/Columbia 0.987306
## studioSony Pictures/Screen Gems 0.254486
## studioStrand Releasing 0.004545 **
## studioSummit Entertainment 0.079591 .
## studioTango Entertainment 0.332057
## studioThe Film Arcade 0.556163
## studioThe Jerry Gross Organization 0.286755
## studioThe Shooting Gallery 0.176722
## studioThe Weinstein Co. 0.049820 *
## studioThe Weinstein Company 0.035097 *
## studioThinkFilm 0.199438
## studioTouchstone Home Entertainment 0.245837
## studioTouchstone Pictures 0.058942 .
## studioTribeca Films 0.621914
## studioTrimark 0.496720
## studioTrimark Pictures 0.209211
## studioTriStar 0.043820 *
## studioTriStar Pictures 0.160931
## studioTwentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment 0.067061 .
## studioUnited Artists 0.000302 ***
## studioUniversal 0.286755
## studioUniversal Pictures 0.000700 ***
## studioUniversal Studios 0.380582
## studioUrban Vision Entertainment 0.054733 .
## studioUSA Films 0.496720
## studioVestron Video 0.209211
## studioVirgin Vision 0.556163
## studioWalt Disney Home Entertainment 0.067833 .
## studioWalt Disney Pictures 0.044055 *
## studioWalt Disney Productions 0.912686
## studioWarner Bros Pictures 0.494011
## studioWarner Bros. 0.206861
## studioWarner Bros. Pictures 0.002103 **
## studioWARNER BROTHERS PICTURES 0.292026
## studioWarner Home Video 0.084362 .
## studioWarner Independent 0.286755
## studioWarner Independent Pictures 0.079591 .
## studioWarners Bros. Pictures 0.911324
## studioWeinstein Company 0.368799
## studioWinstar 0.123282
## studioYari Film Group Releasing 0.332057
## studioZeitgeist Films 0.083420 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 1.019 on 432 degrees of freedom
## (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4059, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1171
## F-statistic: 1.406 on 210 and 432 DF, p-value: 0.00173popular_tomatoes_studio <- lm(audience_score ~ studio, data = movies)
summary(popular_tomatoes_studio)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = audience_score ~ studio, data = movies)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -52.333 -9.056 0.000 10.714 37.437
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 54.8889 4.6041 11.922
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporat 36.6111 14.5596 2.515
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporation 12.5111 9.8748 1.267
## studio7-57 Releasing -6.8889 20.0690 -0.343
## studio7th art 33.1111 20.0690 1.650
## studio905 Corporation 11.1111 20.0690 0.554
## studioA24 -20.8889 20.0690 -1.041
## studioA24 Films -0.3889 14.5596 -0.027
## studioAll Girl Productions -21.8889 20.0690 -1.091
## studioAlliance Atlantis Communications 18.1111 20.0690 0.902
## studioAmerican International Pictures -41.8889 20.0690 -2.087
## studioAnalysis 3.1111 20.0690 0.155
## studioAnchor Bay Entertainment -7.8889 14.5596 -0.542
## studioAnchor Bay Films -6.8889 20.0690 -0.343
## studioArab Film Distribution 34.1111 20.0690 1.700
## studioArenas Entertainment 17.1111 20.0690 0.853
## studioArtisan Entertainment 7.1111 14.5596 0.488
## studioAVCO Embassy Pictures -3.8889 20.0690 -0.194
## studioBankside Films 20.1111 20.0690 1.002
## studioBlumhouse -9.8889 20.0690 -0.493
## studioBMG 3.1111 20.0690 0.155
## studioBrainstorm Media 31.1111 20.0690 1.550
## studioBuena Vista 0.6111 9.2083 0.066
## studioBuena Vista Distribution Compa 35.6111 14.5596 2.446
## studioBuena Vista Internationa 32.1111 20.0690 1.600
## studioBuena Vista Pictures 5.5556 7.9746 0.697
## studioCarnaby International 29.1111 20.0690 1.451
## studioChloe Productions -8.8889 20.0690 -0.443
## studioCine-Source -4.8889 20.0690 -0.244
## studioCinema Libre Studio 23.1111 20.0690 1.152
## studioCinema Seven Productions Ltd -11.8889 20.0690 -0.592
## studioCinetic Media 22.1111 20.0690 1.102
## studioCode Red 30.1111 20.0690 1.500
## studioColumbia Pictures 7.6825 8.7010 0.883
## studioColumbia Tristar Pictures 13.1111 20.0690 0.653
## studioConcorde/New Horizons Home Video -30.8889 20.0690 -1.539
## studioCowboy Pictures 15.1111 14.5596 1.038
## studioCriterion Collection 33.1111 20.0690 1.650
## studioCrown International Pictures -28.8889 20.0690 -1.439
## studioD&E Entertainment 23.1111 20.0690 1.152
## studioDestination Films -40.8889 20.0690 -2.037
## studioDimension Films -9.8889 20.0690 -0.493
## studioDisney 30.1111 20.0690 1.500
## studioDiva 33.1111 20.0690 1.650
## studioDreamworks -15.8889 20.0690 -0.792
## studioDreamWorks Studios 34.1111 20.0690 1.700
## studioE1 Entertainment -35.8889 20.0690 -1.788
## studioEcho Bridge Home Entertainment 13.1111 20.0690 0.653
## studioEmbassy 24.1111 20.0690 1.201
## studioEmpire Pictures 9.1111 20.0690 0.454
## studioeRealBiz 8.1111 20.0690 0.404
## studioFabrication Films 21.1111 20.0690 1.052
## studioFathom Events 26.1111 20.0690 1.301
## studioFilm Movement 19.1111 20.0690 0.952
## studioFilmDistrict 7.6111 14.5596 0.523
## studioFireworks Pictures 10.1111 20.0690 0.504
## studioFirst Look 12.1111 20.0690 0.603
## studioFirst Run Entertainment 33.1111 20.0690 1.650
## studioFirst Run Features 26.7778 9.2083 2.908
## studioFocus Features 10.1111 10.7977 0.936
## studioFox 14.4444 12.1814 1.186
## studioFox Atomic -24.3889 14.5596 -1.675
## studioFox Searchlight 19.1111 10.7977 1.770
## studioFox Searchlight Pictures 10.4444 12.1814 0.857
## studioFreestyle Releasing -32.8889 20.0690 -1.639
## studioGener8Xion Entertainment 23.1111 20.0690 1.152
## studioGenius Productions -28.8889 20.0690 -1.439
## studioGood Machine 32.1111 20.0690 1.600
## studioGramercy Pictures 32.1111 20.0690 1.600
## studioGravitas -0.8889 20.0690 -0.044
## studioGravitas Ventures 23.1111 20.0690 1.152
## studioGreyCat Films 16.1111 20.0690 0.803
## studioGrindhouse Entertainment -2.8889 20.0690 -0.144
## studioGroup 1 -7.8889 20.0690 -0.393
## studioHatchet Films -5.8889 20.0690 -0.293
## studioHBO Documentary 39.1111 20.0690 1.949
## studioHBO Video 13.7361 8.3002 1.655
## studioHemdale 25.1111 20.0690 1.251
## studioHK Film Corporation -19.8889 20.0690 -0.991
## studioHollywood Pictures -19.5556 12.1814 -1.605
## studioHouston Museum of Natural Scie 19.1111 20.0690 0.952
## studioIcarus Films 29.1111 20.0690 1.451
## studioIFC 11.7778 12.1814 0.967
## studioIFC Films 5.9573 7.1098 0.838
## studioIFC First Take 30.1111 20.0690 1.500
## studioIFC Midnight -10.8889 20.0690 -0.543
## studioImage Entertainment -1.8889 12.1814 -0.155
## studioIndependent Pictures 32.1111 12.1814 2.636
## studioIndipix 17.1111 20.0690 0.853
## studioIndomina Films 23.1111 20.0690 1.152
## studioIndomina Media Inc. 18.1111 20.0690 0.902
## studioInnovation Film Group 23.1111 20.0690 1.152
## studioIsland 21.1111 20.0690 1.052
## studioKaga Bay 17.1111 20.0690 0.853
## studioLaurel Entertainment 6.1111 20.0690 0.305
## studioLevitt-Pickman Film Corporation 5.1111 20.0690 0.255
## studioLiberation Entertainment 16.1111 20.0690 0.803
## studioLions Gate Films 9.1111 8.7010 1.047
## studioLions Gate Films Inc. 10.1111 20.0690 0.504
## studioLions Gate Releasing 26.6111 14.5596 1.828
## studioLionsgate 10.6111 10.7977 0.983
## studioLionsGate Entertainment 18.1111 14.5596 1.244
## studioLionsgate Films -14.5556 12.1814 -1.195
## studioLionsgate Releasing 20.1111 20.0690 1.002
## studioLive Home Video -7.3889 14.5596 -0.507
## studioLorimar Home Video 32.1111 20.0690 1.600
## studioMadman Entertainment 17.1111 20.0690 0.853
## studioMagic Lamp Releasing -7.8889 20.0690 -0.393
## studioMagnet Releasing -5.8889 20.0690 -0.293
## studioMagnet/Magnolia Pictures 35.1111 20.0690 1.750
## studioMagnolia Pictures 12.6667 7.9746 1.588
## studioMCA Universal Home Video 2.0342 7.1098 0.286
## studioMedia Home Entertainment 31.1111 20.0690 1.550
## studioMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures 27.1111 20.0690 1.351
## studioMGM -8.3264 6.7116 -1.241
## studioMGM Home Entertainment 11.2222 7.9746 1.407
## studioMGM/UA 10.1111 20.0690 0.504
## studioMGM/United Artists -7.8889 20.0690 -0.393
## studioMillenium Entertainment -19.8889 20.0690 -0.991
## studioMiramax 1.1111 8.7010 0.128
## studioMiramax Films 8.0556 6.5112 1.237
## studioMusic Box Films 24.1111 14.5596 1.656
## studioNational General Pictures 19.1111 20.0690 0.952
## studioNational Geographic 13.1111 20.0690 0.653
## studioNational Geographic Entertainment 30.6111 14.5596 2.102
## studioNelson Entertainment -1.3889 14.5596 -0.095
## studioNew Concorde Home Entertainment -9.8889 20.0690 -0.493
## studioNew Line Cinema -3.5889 7.7042 -0.466
## studioNew Line Home Entertainment 5.1111 8.7010 0.587
## studioNew World Pictures 20.1111 20.0690 1.002
## studioNew World Video -20.8889 20.0690 -1.041
## studioNew Yorker Films 31.1111 12.1814 2.554
## studioNewmarket Film Group 26.1111 20.0690 1.301
## studioNewmarket Films 39.1111 20.0690 1.949
## studioNordisk Film Biograf Distribution 28.1111 20.0690 1.401
## studioNordisk Film Biografdistributi 26.1111 20.0690 1.301
## studioOctober Films 24.1111 20.0690 1.201
## studioOpen Road Films -10.8889 20.0690 -0.543
## studioOrion 9.1111 20.0690 0.454
## studioOrion Home Video -6.0889 9.8748 -0.617
## studioOrion Pictures 28.1111 20.0690 1.401
## studioOrion Pictures Corporation 10.6111 10.7977 0.983
## studioOutsider Films 20.1111 20.0690 1.002
## studioOverture Films -2.3889 14.5596 -0.164
## studioParamount -23.4889 9.8748 -2.379
## studioParamount Classics 2.1111 20.0690 0.105
## studioParamount Home Video -3.1389 7.2798 -0.431
## studioParamount Pictures 9.0841 5.6134 1.618
## studioParamount Studios -5.8889 10.7977 -0.545
## studioParamount Vantage 15.1111 20.0690 0.753
## studioPicturehouse 3.1111 20.0690 0.155
## studioPolyGram Video -2.8889 20.0690 -0.144
## studioRelativity Media -8.8889 20.0690 -0.443
## studioRepublic Pictures Home Video 29.6111 14.5596 2.034
## studioRoadside Attraction -11.8889 20.0690 -0.592
## studioRoadside Attractions 6.1111 14.5596 0.420
## studioSag Harbor-Basement Pictures 37.1111 20.0690 1.849
## studioSaguenay Films 34.1111 20.0690 1.700
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Company 27.1111 20.0690 1.351
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Films -12.8889 14.5596 -0.885
## studioScreen Gems -6.2222 12.1814 -0.511
## studioSeventh Art Productions 22.1111 20.0690 1.102
## studioShcalo Media Group 31.1111 20.0690 1.550
## studioSnagFilms 18.1111 20.0690 0.902
## studioSony Entertainment 17.1111 20.0690 0.853
## studioSony Pictures 2.8111 7.7042 0.365
## studioSony Pictures Classics 14.8111 7.7042 1.922
## studioSony Pictures Entertainment 8.1111 10.7977 0.751
## studioSony Pictures Home Entertainment 0.1111 5.9439 0.019
## studioSony Pictures/Columbia 0.1111 20.0690 0.006
## studioSony Pictures/Screen Gems 9.1111 14.5596 0.626
## studioStrand Releasing 34.6111 14.5596 2.377
## studioSummit Entertainment 11.4444 12.1814 0.940
## studioTango Entertainment 21.1111 20.0690 1.052
## studioThe Film Arcade -4.8889 20.0690 -0.244
## studioThe Jerry Gross Organization 15.1111 20.0690 0.753
## studioThe Shooting Gallery 25.1111 20.0690 1.251
## studioThe Weinstein Co. 9.4444 12.1814 0.775
## studioThe Weinstein Company 10.3968 8.7010 1.195
## studioThinkFilm 3.4444 12.1814 0.283
## studioTouchstone Home Entertainment 24.1111 20.0690 1.201
## studioTouchstone Pictures 13.6111 10.7977 1.261
## studioTribeca Films 7.1111 20.0690 0.354
## studioTrimark 11.1111 14.5596 0.763
## studioTrimark Pictures 9.1111 20.0690 0.454
## studioTriStar 38.1111 20.0690 1.899
## studioTriStar Pictures 18.6111 14.5596 1.278
## studioTwentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment 4.8968 6.9608 0.703
## studioUnited Artists 28.6111 9.2083 3.107
## studioUniversal 21.1111 20.0690 1.052
## studioUniversal Pictures 13.5894 6.1472 2.211
## studioUniversal Studios 7.1111 14.5596 0.488
## studioUrban Vision Entertainment 31.1111 20.0690 1.550
## studioUSA Films -3.3889 14.5596 -0.233
## studioVestron Video 13.1111 20.0690 0.653
## studioVirgin Vision 0.1111 20.0690 0.006
## studioWalt Disney Home Entertainment 30.1111 20.0690 1.500
## studioWalt Disney Pictures 17.1111 12.1814 1.405
## studioWalt Disney Productions -0.3889 14.5596 -0.027
## studioWarner Bros Pictures 11.1111 20.0690 0.554
## studioWarner Bros. 13.3968 8.7010 1.540
## studioWarner Bros. Pictures 8.4444 5.8238 1.450
## studioWARNER BROTHERS PICTURES 7.7778 7.9746 0.975
## studioWarner Home Video 4.7427 6.4250 0.738
## studioWarner Independent 12.1111 20.0690 0.603
## studioWarner Independent Pictures 13.1111 12.1814 1.076
## studioWarners Bros. Pictures -14.8889 20.0690 -0.742
## studioWeinstein Company -7.3889 14.5596 -0.507
## studioWinstar 28.1111 20.0690 1.401
## studioYari Film Group Releasing 5.1111 20.0690 0.255
## studioZeitgeist Films 31.1111 20.0690 1.550
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) < 2e-16 ***
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporat 0.01228 *
## studio20th Century Fox Film Corporation 0.20585
## studio7-57 Releasing 0.73157
## studio7th art 0.09970 .
## studio905 Corporation 0.58011
## studioA24 0.29853
## studioA24 Films 0.97870
## studioAll Girl Productions 0.27602
## studioAlliance Atlantis Communications 0.36732
## studioAmerican International Pictures 0.03745 *
## studioAnalysis 0.87688
## studioAnchor Bay Entertainment 0.58821
## studioAnchor Bay Films 0.73157
## studioArab Film Distribution 0.08991 .
## studioArenas Entertainment 0.39435
## studioArtisan Entertainment 0.62550
## studioAVCO Embassy Pictures 0.84644
## studioBankside Films 0.31686
## studioBlumhouse 0.62244
## studioBMG 0.87688
## studioBrainstorm Media 0.12182
## studioBuena Vista 0.94712
## studioBuena Vista Distribution Compa 0.01485 *
## studioBuena Vista Internationa 0.11032
## studioBuena Vista Pictures 0.48639
## studioCarnaby International 0.14763
## studioChloe Productions 0.65805
## studioCine-Source 0.80765
## studioCinema Libre Studio 0.25013
## studioCinema Seven Productions Ltd 0.55389
## studioCinetic Media 0.27118
## studioCode Red 0.13425
## studioColumbia Pictures 0.37775
## studioColumbia Tristar Pictures 0.51391
## studioConcorde/New Horizons Home Video 0.12450
## studioCowboy Pictures 0.29991
## studioCriterion Collection 0.09970 .
## studioCrown International Pictures 0.15074
## studioD&E Entertainment 0.25013
## studioDestination Films 0.04222 *
## studioDimension Films 0.62244
## studioDisney 0.13425
## studioDiva 0.09970 .
## studioDreamworks 0.42896
## studioDreamWorks Studios 0.08991 .
## studioE1 Entertainment 0.07443 .
## studioEcho Bridge Home Entertainment 0.51391
## studioEmbassy 0.23025
## studioEmpire Pictures 0.65006
## studioeRealBiz 0.68629
## studioFabrication Films 0.29342
## studioFathom Events 0.19393
## studioFilm Movement 0.34149
## studioFilmDistrict 0.60141
## studioFireworks Pictures 0.61465
## studioFirst Look 0.54651
## studioFirst Run Entertainment 0.09970 .
## studioFirst Run Features 0.00382 **
## studioFocus Features 0.34958
## studioFox 0.23636
## studioFox Atomic 0.09464 .
## studioFox Searchlight 0.07744 .
## studioFox Searchlight Pictures 0.39169
## studioFreestyle Releasing 0.10198
## studioGener8Xion Entertainment 0.25013
## studioGenius Productions 0.15074
## studioGood Machine 0.11032
## studioGramercy Pictures 0.11032
## studioGravitas 0.96469
## studioGravitas Ventures 0.25013
## studioGreyCat Films 0.42254
## studioGrindhouse Entertainment 0.88561
## studioGroup 1 0.69445
## studioHatchet Films 0.76933
## studioHBO Documentary 0.05196 .
## studioHBO Video 0.09867 .
## studioHemdale 0.21152
## studioHK Film Corporation 0.32223
## studioHollywood Pictures 0.10914
## studioHouston Museum of Natural Scie 0.34149
## studioIcarus Films 0.14763
## studioIFC 0.33415
## studioIFC Films 0.40255
## studioIFC First Take 0.13425
## studioIFC Midnight 0.58770
## studioImage Entertainment 0.87684
## studioIndependent Pictures 0.00869 **
## studioIndipix 0.39435
## studioIndomina Films 0.25013
## studioIndomina Media Inc. 0.36732
## studioInnovation Film Group 0.25013
## studioIsland 0.29342
## studioKaga Bay 0.39435
## studioLaurel Entertainment 0.76089
## studioLevitt-Pickman Film Corporation 0.79909
## studioLiberation Entertainment 0.42254
## studioLions Gate Films 0.29562
## studioLions Gate Films Inc. 0.61465
## studioLions Gate Releasing 0.06828 .
## studioLionsgate 0.32629
## studioLionsGate Entertainment 0.21420
## studioLionsgate Films 0.23278
## studioLionsgate Releasing 0.31686
## studioLive Home Video 0.61207
## studioLorimar Home Video 0.11032
## studioMadman Entertainment 0.39435
## studioMagic Lamp Releasing 0.69445
## studioMagnet Releasing 0.76933
## studioMagnet/Magnolia Pictures 0.08091 .
## studioMagnolia Pictures 0.11293
## studioMCA Universal Home Video 0.77493
## studioMedia Home Entertainment 0.12182
## studioMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures 0.17744
## studioMGM 0.21543
## studioMGM Home Entertainment 0.16007
## studioMGM/UA 0.61465
## studioMGM/United Artists 0.69445
## studioMillenium Entertainment 0.32223
## studioMiramax 0.89845
## studioMiramax Films 0.21669
## studioMusic Box Films 0.09844 .
## studioNational General Pictures 0.34149
## studioNational Geographic 0.51391
## studioNational Geographic Entertainment 0.03609 *
## studioNelson Entertainment 0.92405
## studioNew Concorde Home Entertainment 0.62244
## studioNew Line Cinema 0.64157
## studioNew Line Home Entertainment 0.55723
## studioNew World Pictures 0.31686
## studioNew World Video 0.29853
## studioNew Yorker Films 0.01099 *
## studioNewmarket Film Group 0.19393
## studioNewmarket Films 0.05196 .
## studioNordisk Film Biograf Distribution 0.16201
## studioNordisk Film Biografdistributi 0.19393
## studioOctober Films 0.23025
## studioOpen Road Films 0.58770
## studioOrion 0.65006
## studioOrion Home Video 0.53782
## studioOrion Pictures 0.16201
## studioOrion Pictures Corporation 0.32629
## studioOutsider Films 0.31686
## studioOverture Films 0.86975
## studioParamount 0.01781 *
## studioParamount Classics 0.91627
## studioParamount Home Video 0.66655
## studioParamount Pictures 0.10633
## studioParamount Studios 0.58577
## studioParamount Vantage 0.45188
## studioPicturehouse 0.87688
## studioPolyGram Video 0.88561
## studioRelativity Media 0.65805
## studioRepublic Pictures Home Video 0.04258 *
## studioRoadside Attraction 0.55389
## studioRoadside Attractions 0.67489
## studioSag Harbor-Basement Pictures 0.06511 .
## studioSaguenay Films 0.08991 .
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Company 0.17744
## studioSamuel Goldwyn Films 0.37651
## studioScreen Gems 0.60975
## studioSeventh Art Productions 0.27118
## studioShcalo Media Group 0.12182
## studioSnagFilms 0.36732
## studioSony Entertainment 0.39435
## studioSony Pictures 0.71538
## studioSony Pictures Classics 0.05520 .
## studioSony Pictures Entertainment 0.45295
## studioSony Pictures Home Entertainment 0.98509
## studioSony Pictures/Columbia 0.99559
## studioSony Pictures/Screen Gems 0.53179
## studioStrand Releasing 0.01788 *
## studioSummit Entertainment 0.34800
## studioTango Entertainment 0.29342
## studioThe Film Arcade 0.80765
## studioThe Jerry Gross Organization 0.45188
## studioThe Shooting Gallery 0.21152
## studioThe Weinstein Co. 0.43858
## studioThe Weinstein Company 0.23278
## studioThinkFilm 0.77749
## studioTouchstone Home Entertainment 0.23025
## studioTouchstone Pictures 0.20815
## studioTribeca Films 0.72326
## studioTrimark 0.44579
## studioTrimark Pictures 0.65006
## studioTriStar 0.05823 .
## studioTriStar Pictures 0.20184
## studioTwentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment 0.48213
## studioUnited Artists 0.00201 **
## studioUniversal 0.29342
## studioUniversal Pictures 0.02758 *
## studioUniversal Studios 0.62550
## studioUrban Vision Entertainment 0.12182
## studioUSA Films 0.81606
## studioVestron Video 0.51391
## studioVirgin Vision 0.99559
## studioWalt Disney Home Entertainment 0.13425
## studioWalt Disney Pictures 0.16083
## studioWalt Disney Productions 0.97870
## studioWarner Bros Pictures 0.58011
## studioWarner Bros. 0.12437
## studioWarner Bros. Pictures 0.14779
## studioWARNER BROTHERS PICTURES 0.32995
## studioWarner Home Video 0.46082
## studioWarner Independent 0.54651
## studioWarner Independent Pictures 0.28238
## studioWarners Bros. Pictures 0.45856
## studioWeinstein Company 0.61207
## studioWinstar 0.16201
## studioYari Film Group Releasing 0.79909
## studioZeitgeist Films 0.12182
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 19.53 on 432 degrees of freedom
## (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3718, Adjusted R-squared: 0.06637
## F-statistic: 1.217 on 210 and 432 DF, p-value: 0.04618Given the large number of filming studios, from the great and famous, worldwide known, among which are: “Universal Pictures”, “United Artists”, “Sonic Pictures Classics” and “First Run Features” seem to be the most favored by the popularity of movie consumers, as evidenced by the imdb_rating and audience_score, from the IMDb and Tomatoes_Rotten databases, respectively.
popular_imdb_genre <- lm(imdb_rating ~ genre, data = movies)
summary(popular_imdb_genre)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = imdb_rating ~ genre, data = movies)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -3.9734 -0.4734 0.0552 0.6234 2.5203
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.97077 0.11913 50.120 < 2e-16 ***
## genreAnimation -0.07077 0.34160 -0.207 0.83594
## genreArt House & International 0.64352 0.28299 2.274 0.02330 *
## genreComedy -0.22594 0.15746 -1.435 0.15181
## genreDocumentary 1.67731 0.17869 9.386 < 2e-16 ***
## genreDrama 0.70267 0.13121 5.355 1.19e-07 ***
## genreHorror -0.20990 0.23302 -0.901 0.36805
## genreMusical & Performing Arts 1.32923 0.30177 4.405 1.24e-05 ***
## genreMystery & Suspense 0.50889 0.17270 2.947 0.00333 **
## genreOther 0.66048 0.26804 2.464 0.01400 *
## genreScience Fiction & Fantasy -0.21521 0.34160 -0.630 0.52890
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.9605 on 640 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.2281, Adjusted R-squared: 0.216
## F-statistic: 18.91 on 10 and 640 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16popular_tomatoes_genre <- lm(audience_score ~ genre, data = movies)
summary(popular_tomatoes_genre)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = audience_score ~ genre, data = movies)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -52.35 -13.35 1.25 13.65 41.05
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 53.785 2.269 23.702 < 2e-16 ***
## genreAnimation 8.660 6.507 1.331 0.1837
## genreArt House & International 10.215 5.390 1.895 0.0585 .
## genreComedy -1.279 2.999 -0.426 0.6700
## genreDocumentary 28.965 3.404 8.510 < 2e-16 ***
## genreDrama 11.563 2.499 4.626 4.51e-06 ***
## genreHorror -7.959 4.439 -1.793 0.0734 .
## genreMusical & Performing Arts 26.382 5.748 4.590 5.35e-06 ***
## genreMystery & Suspense 2.165 3.290 0.658 0.5108
## genreOther 12.903 5.106 2.527 0.0117 *
## genreScience Fiction & Fantasy -2.896 6.507 -0.445 0.6564
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.29 on 640 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1941, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1816
## F-statistic: 15.42 on 10 and 640 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Regarding the genre of the films, both pollsters agree that the most favored by popular preference are the films of the genres “Documentary”, “Drama” and “Musical & Performing Arts”; and to a lesser extent “Art House & International”
popular_tomatoes <- lm(audience_score ~ title_type + runtime + dvd_rel_year + dvd_rel_month + best_pic_win + best_dir_win, data = movies)
summary(popular_tomatoes)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = audience_score ~ title_type + runtime + dvd_rel_year +
## dvd_rel_month + best_pic_win + best_dir_win, data = movies)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -50.992 -13.888 1.544 14.472 34.366
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1023.09776 322.78618 3.170 0.001600 **
## title_typeFeature Film -26.30104 2.74378 -9.586 < 2e-16 ***
## title_typeTV Movie -29.24937 8.67367 -3.372 0.000791 ***
## runtime 0.19834 0.03933 5.043 5.99e-07 ***
## dvd_rel_year -0.47905 0.16068 -2.981 0.002980 **
## dvd_rel_month 0.36923 0.21716 1.700 0.089577 .
## best_pic_winyes 14.98526 7.51838 1.993 0.046673 *
## best_dir_winyes 3.51712 3.16981 1.110 0.267606
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.48 on 634 degrees of freedom
## (9 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1679, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1587
## F-statistic: 18.28 on 7 and 634 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16popular_imdb <- lm(imdb_rating ~ runtime + dvd_rel_month + best_pic_win + best_dir_win, data = movies)
summary(popular_imdb)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = imdb_rating ~ runtime + dvd_rel_month + best_pic_win +
## best_dir_win, data = movies)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -4.1808 -0.5742 0.0695 0.7053 2.3059
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 4.899651 0.244669 20.026 < 2e-16 ***
## runtime 0.013269 0.002174 6.103 1.81e-09 ***
## dvd_rel_month 0.026789 0.012093 2.215 0.0271 *
## best_pic_winyes 0.775909 0.418650 1.853 0.0643 .
## best_dir_winyes 0.243149 0.175936 1.382 0.1674
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 1.029 on 637 degrees of freedom
## (9 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.08778, Adjusted R-squared: 0.08205
## F-statistic: 15.32 on 4 and 637 DF, p-value: 5.675e-12With respect to the rest of the variables analyzed, both pollsters agree that the most popular films among the surveyed public are aspects such as the duration of the film (“runtime”), and that the film has been selected as the winner of the Oscar awards (“best_pic_winyes”) seem to influence high popularity scores.
Part 5: Prediction
The film Deadpool (2016, R, 1h 48 min) from IMDb and from the Tomatoes Rotten, the documentary Obit (2016, 1h 35 min) were chosen. Deedpool tuvo un imdb_rating = 8.0, mientras que el documental Obit, tuvo un audience_score = 77.
new_movie1 <- data.frame(runtime = 108, dvd_rel_month = 2, best_pic_win = "no", best_dir_win = "no")
predict(popular_imdb, new_movie1, interval = "prediction", level = 0.95)## fit lwr upr
## 1 6.38625 4.36034 8.41216new_movie2 <- data.frame(title_type = "Documentary", runtime = 95, dvd_rel_year = 2017, dvd_rel_month = 7, best_pic_win = "no", best_dir_win = "no")
predict(popular_tomatoes, new_movie2, interval = "prediction", level = 0.95)## fit lwr upr
## 1 78.28139 41.52379 115.039It is observed that the values obtained by the linear models in both cases are within the values predicted by the multiple linear regression with 95% confidence. * * *
Part 6: Conclusion
In this project, the usefulness of carrying out an exploratory data analysis to know the values of the variables that would allow a film production to be classified as “popular” was verified. Collinearity was also established, for the cases of the variables chosen to qualify popularity. And finally, with the selected model, with those significant factors, the popularity of two cinematographic productions was predicted, which were not in the original sample, and it was verified, in both cases, that the regression models accurately predict the real values, and that these were within the 95% confidence range.