Introduction

Alice B. Popejoy and Stephanie M. Fullerton analyzed the proportion of individuals included in GWAS studies in 2016 and found that the proportion in the sample who are not of European descent has increased to nearly 20% compared to 2009. Popejoy and Fullerton analysed the sample descriptions included in the GWAS Catalog with an approach similar to that used in 2009. The GWAS Catalog is the most comprehensive, publicly accessible summary of human genetic association research and is produced by the US National Human Genome Research Institute in partnership with the European Bioinformatics Institute. Popejoy and Fullerton repeated the 2009 study because the degree to which people of African and Latin American ancestry, Hispanic people and indigenous peoples are represented in GWAS has barely shifted compared to 2009, despite the increase in the sample of those who are of non-European descent.

Create data

# 2009 Study

euro_asia_other2009 <- c(96, 3, 1)

# 2016 Study

euro_asia_other2016 <- c(81, 14, 5)

# labels
pieLabels <- c("European ancestry", "Asian \nAncestry", "Other non-European \nancestry")

Pie graphs

# set up par()
par(mfrow = c(1,2), mar = c(2,3,1,5))

#pie graphs 1
# add main, init.angle, radius, and col
pie(x=euro_asia_other2009, labels = pieLabels, main = "2009", init.angle=-82
    , radius=1, col=c(1,2,3))

# pie graph 2
# add main, init.angle, radius, and col
pie(x=euro_asia_other2016, labels=pieLabels, main = "2016", init.angle=-82,
    radius=1,col=c(1,2,3))

Bar graphs

# data
dat2016 <- c(14, 3,1,0.54,0.28,0.08,0.05)
dat2016_rev <- rev(dat2016)
barplotdata2016 <- matrix(c(dat2016_rev))

# labels
labels_x <- rev(c("Asian","African","Mixed", "Hispanic &\nLatin American",
                        "Pacific Islander","Arab & Middle East","Native peoples"))

par(mfrow = c(1,1))

barplot(barplotdata2016,
        width = 0.01, 
        xlim = c(0,0.1),
         axes = F,
        col = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7),
        legend.text = labels_x)