Tables

Raw Ideal Affect Table (Means, SD)

Table continues below
Culture	iHAP_Mean	iHAP_SD	iLAP_Mean	iLAP_SD	iHAN_Mean
European American	3.476	0.7962	3.919	0.7551	1.404
Taiwanese	3.164	0.7805	3.805	0.7284	1.515

iHAN_SD	iLAN_Mean	iLAN_SD
0.5445	1.424	0.5216
0.5088	1.521	0.5597

Ipsatized Ideal Affect Table (Means, SD)

Table continues below
Culture	iHAPi_Mean	iHAPi_SD	iLAPi_Mean	iLAPi_SD	iHANi_Mean
European American	0.7373	0.4179	1.051	0.4002	-0.7287
Taiwanese	0.5947	0.4888	1.114	0.4443	-0.6974

iHANi_SD	iLANi_Mean	iLANi_SD
0.2545	-0.721	0.3042
0.2925	-0.6823	0.3354

Raw Actual Affect Table (Means, SD)

Table continues below
Culture	aHAP_Mean	aHAP_SD	aLAP_Mean	aLAP_SD	aHAN_Mean
European American	2.747	0.7897	2.816	0.7928	2.236
Taiwanese	2.553	0.7329	3.043	0.7266	2.072

aHAN_SD	aLAN_Mean	aLAN_SD
0.7055	2.708	0.8229
0.7083	2.764	0.8176

Ipsatized Actual Affect Table (Means, SD)

Table continues below
Culture	aHAPi_Mean	aHAPi_SD	aLAPi_Mean	aLAPi_SD	aHANi_Mean
European American	0.2379	0.653	0.3083	0.6774	-0.2795
Taiwanese	0.1415	0.6873	0.6312	0.6786	-0.3954

aHANi_SD	aLANi_Mean	aLANi_SD
0.5687	0.2108	0.7103
0.5626	0.316	0.6689

Visualizations

Ideal Affect - Raw

Ideal Affect - Ipsatized

Actual Affect - Raw

Actual Affect - Ipsatized

Culture as moderator of association between actual and ideal:

HAP overall

##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## iHAP            1  131.6  131.58 280.320 <2e-16 ***
## Culture         1    0.9    0.95   2.018 0.1557    
## iHAP:Culture    1    1.6    1.64   3.504 0.0615 .  
## Residuals    1072  503.2    0.47                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Individual HAP items

enthusiastic

##                          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## enthusiastic_i            1  102.1  102.12 151.527 <2e-16 ***
## Culture                   1    2.8    2.79   4.133 0.0423 *  
## enthusiastic_i:Culture    1    0.4    0.45   0.666 0.4145    
## Residuals              1072  722.4    0.67                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

excited

##                     Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## excited_i            1  146.3  146.27 218.688  < 2e-16 ***
## Culture              1   12.9   12.92  19.312 1.22e-05 ***
## excited_i:Culture    1    1.4    1.36   2.031    0.154    
## Residuals         1072  717.0    0.67                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

elated

##                    Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## elated_i            1  152.4  152.43 191.314 <2e-16 ***
## Culture             1    1.7    1.70   2.131  0.145    
## elated_i:Culture    1    0.1    0.05   0.066  0.797    
## Residuals        1072  854.1    0.80                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

LAP overall

##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## iLAP            1   52.5   52.48  98.973  < 2e-16 ***
## Culture         1   18.2   18.24  34.408 5.95e-09 ***
## iLAP:Culture    1    0.2    0.21   0.389    0.533    
## Residuals    1072  568.4    0.53                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Individual LAP items

relaxed

##                     Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value  Pr(>F)    
## relaxed_i            1   24.8  24.785  30.357 4.5e-08 ***
## Culture              1    0.0   0.033   0.041   0.840    
## relaxed_i:Culture    1    0.2   0.240   0.293   0.588    
## Residuals         1072  875.2   0.816                    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

calm

##                  Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## calm_i            1   47.8   47.81  60.119 2.07e-14 ***
## Culture           1    4.6    4.65   5.844   0.0158 *  
## calm_i:Culture    1    5.7    5.67   7.129   0.0077 ** 
## Residuals      1072  852.5    0.80                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

peaceful

##                      Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## peaceful_i            1   45.5   45.51  51.282 1.48e-12 ***
## Culture               1   26.0   25.98  29.278 7.73e-08 ***
## peaceful_i:Culture    1    2.3    2.28   2.572    0.109    
## Residuals          1072  951.3    0.89                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

serene

##                    Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## serene_i            1  100.2  100.23 116.349 <2e-16 ***
## Culture             1   86.6   86.65 100.583 <2e-16 ***
## serene_i:Culture    1    0.3    0.34   0.393  0.531    
## Residuals        1072  923.5    0.86                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

HAN overall

##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## iHAN            1   58.6   58.56 133.820  < 2e-16 ***
## Culture         1   12.2   12.24  27.980 1.49e-07 ***
## iHAN:Culture    1    3.8    3.75   8.575  0.00348 ** 
## Residuals    1072  469.1    0.44                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Individual HAN items

fearful

##                     Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## fearful_i            1   56.0   55.97  71.420  < 2e-16 ***
## Culture              1   16.8   16.77  21.397 4.19e-06 ***
## fearful_i:Culture    1    3.8    3.82   4.871   0.0275 *  
## Residuals         1072  840.1    0.78                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

hostile

##                     Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## hostile_i            1  120.7  120.66 203.719 <2e-16 ***
## Culture              1    0.3    0.29   0.493  0.483    
## hostile_i:Culture    1    1.0    0.98   1.659  0.198    
## Residuals         1072  634.9    0.59                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

nervous

##                     Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## nervous_i            1   28.0   28.00  26.904 2.56e-07 ***
## Culture              1   36.7   36.73  35.291 3.83e-09 ***
## nervous_i:Culture    1    0.9    0.86   0.826    0.364    
## Residuals         1072 1115.7    1.04                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

LAN overall

##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## iLAN            1   23.9  23.932  36.877 1.74e-09 ***
## Culture         1    0.2   0.231   0.356   0.5509    
## iLAN:Culture    1    4.0   3.988   6.145   0.0133 *  
## Residuals    1072  695.7   0.649                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Individual LAN items

dull

##                  Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## dull_i            1   43.4   43.44  45.628 2.34e-11 ***
## Culture           1   40.7   40.69  42.741 9.65e-11 ***
## dull_i:Culture    1    0.1    0.07   0.077    0.781    
## Residuals      1072 1020.7    0.95                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

sleepy

##                    Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## sleepy_i            1   33.4   33.45  32.507 1.53e-08 ***
## Culture             1    0.1    0.12   0.114    0.736    
## sleepy_i:Culture    1    1.2    1.17   1.142    0.286    
## Residuals        1072 1103.0    1.03                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

sluggish

##                      Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## sluggish_i            1   31.3  31.283   29.32 7.57e-08 ***
## Culture               1   21.6  21.594   20.24 7.58e-06 ***
## sluggish_i:Culture    1   30.8  30.840   28.91 9.32e-08 ***
## Residuals          1072 1143.7   1.067                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Correlations

HAP overall

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal HAP was 0.48, p = 2.204638310^{-34}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal HAP was 0.4, p = 4.549314510^{-20}.

Individual HAP items

enthusiastic

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal enthusiasm was 0.35, p = 3.365236310^{-18}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal enthusiasm was 0.34, p = 9.345263610^{-15}.

excited

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal excited was 0.39, p = 3.479300110^{-22}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal excited was 0.34, p = 9.592668410^{-15}.

elated

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal elated was 0.41, p = 1.668006210^{-25}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal elated was 0.36, p = 1.384746910^{-16}.

LAP overall

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal LAP was 0.28, p = 6.413937510^{-12}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal LAP was 0.33, p = 3.905521510^{-14}.

Individual LAP items

relaxed

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal relaxed was 0.17, p = 2.233835610^{-5}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal relaxed was 0.15, p = 5.80616610^{-4}.

calm

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal calm was 0.16, p = 9.167528210^{-5}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal calm was 0.33, p = 1.007538710^{-13}.

peaceful

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal peaceful was 0.18, p = 1.512973210^{-5}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal peaceful was 0.29, p = 3.820278710^{-11}.

serene

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal serene was 0.3, p = 1.850186710^{-13}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal serene was 0.3, p = 1.246567610^{-11}.

HAN overall

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal HAN was 0.28, p = 4.560788910^{-12}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal HAN was 0.42, p = 5.650377910^{-23}.

Individual HAN items

fearful

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal fearful was 0.18, p = 1.513713110^{-5}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal fearful was 0.33, p = 2.47035410^{-14}.

hostile

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal hostile was 0.38, p = 4.451790610^{-21}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal hostile was 0.42, p = 1.123107510^{-22}.

nervous

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal nervous was 0.16, p = 1.463742610^{-4}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal nervous was 0.23, p = 3.499605110^{-7}.

LAN overall

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal LAN was 0.1, p = 0.0132712.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal LAN was 0.27, p = 2.156158910^{-9}.

Individual LAN items

dull

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal dull was 0.17, p = 4.578016110^{-5}.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal dull was 0.19, p = 1.765782410^{-5}.

sleepy

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal sleepy was 0.14, p = 0.0010291.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal sleepy was 0.21, p = 1.583670310^{-6}.

sluggish

For US participants, correlation between actual and ideal sluggish was 0.02, p = 0.6038007.

For Taiwanese participants, correlation between actual and ideal sluggish was 0.34, p = 7.146749510^{-15}.

Profile correlations

Positive vs. Negative (original)

Positive (13 items): enthusiastic, excited, strong, euphoric, rested, calm, peaceful, relaxed, elated, content, happy, satisfied, serene

Negative (9 items): dull, sleepy, sluggish, fearful, hostile, nervous, lonely, sad, unhappy

## 
## Error: ID
##         Df   Sum Sq  Mean Sq
## Culture  1 0.006015 0.006015
## 
## Error: ID:Valence
##         Df    Sum Sq   Mean Sq
## Culture  1 1.931e-05 1.931e-05
## 
## Error: Within
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## Culture            1   0.67  0.6686   7.087  0.00782 ** 
## Valence            1   1.86  1.8579  19.695 9.55e-06 ***
## Culture:Valence    1   0.61  0.6141   6.510  0.01080 *  
## Residuals       2108 198.86  0.0943                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

## Valence = Positive:
##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.0018 0.0194 2108   0.093  0.9260
## 
## Valence = Negative:
##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.0719 0.0194 2108   3.697  0.0002

## Culture = European American:
##  contrast            estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  Positive - Negative   -0.138 0.0278 2108  -4.962  <.0001
## 
## Culture = Taiwanese:
##  contrast            estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  Positive - Negative   -0.068 0.0334 2108  -2.037  0.0418

There was a main effect of culture (European American > Taiwanese) and a main effect of valence (negative > positive) but they were qualified by an interaction between Culture x Valence: Between cultures, European Americans had a greater profile correlation than Taiwanese for Negative states, while there was no cultural difference in the profile correlation of positive states. Further, within cultures, European Americans had a greater profile correlation for negative than positive states, whereas Taiwanese had a greater profile correlation for positive than negative states.

Positive vs. Negative (equal number of states)

Positive (9 items): enthusiastic, excited, calm, peaceful, relaxed, elated, content, happy, satisfied

Negative (9 items): dull, sleepy, sluggish, fearful, hostile, nervous, lonely, sad, unhappy

## 
## Error: ID
##         Df   Sum Sq  Mean Sq
## Culture  1 0.007486 0.007486
## 
## Error: ID:Valence
##         Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture  1  2.669   2.669
## 
## Error: Within
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## Culture            1   2.06   2.059  17.727 2.66e-05 ***
## Valence            1   4.42   4.425  38.086 8.10e-10 ***
## Culture:Valence    1   0.03   0.025   0.219     0.64    
## Residuals       2094 243.26   0.116                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.0647 0.0153 2094   4.232  <.0001
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: Valence

##  contrast            estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  Positive - Negative   -0.181 0.0306 2094  -5.904  <.0001
## 
## Results are averaged over the levels of: Culture

Unlike the version above with unequal number of states for positive vs. negative affect, there was no longer a Culture x Valence interaction. However, there was still a main effect of culture (European American > Taiwanese) and a main effect of valence (negative > positive).

Quadrants of Affective Circumplex (HAP, LAP, HAN, LAN)

HAP (3 items): enthusiastic, excited, elated

LAP (3 items): calm, relaxed, serene

HAN (3 items): fearful, hostile, nervous

LAN (3 items): dull, sleepy, sluggish

## 
## Error: ID
##         Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture  1   1.23    1.23
## 
## Error: ID:Quadrant
##          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture   1  45.12   45.12
## Quadrant  2  16.00    8.00
## 
## Error: Within
##                    Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## Culture             1   20.7  20.731   61.79 5.11e-15 ***
## Quadrant            3   19.5   6.493   19.35 1.94e-12 ***
## Culture:Quadrant    3   24.1   8.049   23.99 2.35e-15 ***
## Residuals        3327 1116.2   0.335                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

## Quadrant = HAP:
##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.1330 0.0439 3327   3.030  0.0025
## 
## Quadrant = LAP:
##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.4640 0.0418 3327  11.110  <.0001
## 
## Quadrant = HAN:
##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.0217 0.0399 3327   0.545  0.5858
## 
## Quadrant = LAN:
##  contrast                      estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  European American - Taiwanese   0.0566 0.0402 3327   1.408  0.1593

## Culture = European American:
##  contrast  estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  HAP - LAP  -0.0993 0.0609 3327  -1.631  0.3612
##  HAP - HAN  -0.3070 0.0594 3327  -5.168  <.0001
##  HAP - LAN  -0.2600 0.0595 3327  -4.368  0.0001
##  LAP - HAN  -0.2078 0.0583 3327  -3.564  0.0021
##  LAP - LAN  -0.1607 0.0584 3327  -2.751  0.0304
##  HAN - LAN   0.0470 0.0569 3327   0.827  0.8419
## 
## Culture = Taiwanese:
##  contrast  estimate     SE   df t.ratio p.value
##  HAP - LAP   0.2318 0.0746 3327   3.107  0.0103
##  HAP - HAN  -0.4183 0.0730 3327  -5.729  <.0001
##  HAP - LAN  -0.3363 0.0731 3327  -4.599  <.0001
##  LAP - HAN  -0.6500 0.0703 3327  -9.241  <.0001
##  LAP - LAN  -0.5681 0.0705 3327  -8.060  <.0001
##  HAN - LAN   0.0819 0.0688 3327   1.191  0.6328
## 
## P value adjustment: tukey method for comparing a family of 4 estimates

There was a main effect of culture (European American > Taiwanese) and a main effect of quadrant (HAN & LAN > HAP & LAP) but they were qualified by an interaction between Culture x Quadrant: Between cultures, European Americans had a greater profile correlation than Taiwanese for HAP and LAP states (i.e., positive states), while there was no cultural difference in the profile correlation of HAN and LAN (i.e., negative states). Further, within cultures, European Americans had a greater profile correlation for HAN and LAN states (no diff between the two) than HAP and LAP states (no diff between the two), whereas Taiwanese had a greater profile correlation for HAN & LAN (no difference between the two) than HAP, which in turn had a greater profile correlation than LAP.

Low vs. High Arousal

High Arousal (10 items): enthusiastic, excited, elated, euphoric, fearful, hostile, nervous, aroused, astonished, surprised

Low Arousal (13 items): rested, calm, peaceful, relaxed, serene, dull, sleepy, sluggish, idle, quiet, still, passive, inactive

## 
## Error: ID
##         Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture  1 0.2577  0.2577
## 
## Error: ID:Arousal
##         Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture  1  12.89   12.89
## 
## Error: Within
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## Culture            1    3.7   3.701   16.38 5.37e-05 ***
## Arousal            1    3.2   3.163   14.00 0.000187 ***
## Culture:Arousal    1    0.1   0.145    0.64 0.423722    
## Residuals       2125  480.1   0.226                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

There was a main effect of culture (Taiwanese > European Americans) and a main effect of arousal (high arousal > low arousal) but no interaction between Culture x Arousal.

Low vs. High Arousal (equal number of items)

High Arousal (10 items): enthusiastic, excited, elated, euphoric, fearful, hostile, nervous, aroused, astonished, surprised

Low Arousal (10 items): calm, peaceful, relaxed, serene, dull, sleepy, sluggish, quiet, passive, inactive

## 
## Error: ID
##         Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture  1 0.3336  0.3336
## 
## Error: ID:Arousal
##         Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
## Culture  1  10.79   10.79
## 
## Error: Within
##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## Culture            1    4.4   4.393  17.954 2.36e-05 ***
## Arousal            1    2.3   2.312   9.450  0.00214 ** 
## Culture:Arousal    1    0.3   0.307   1.254  0.26285    
## Residuals       2121  519.0   0.245                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Same as above version with unequal number of states for low vs. high arousal: There was a main effect of culture (Taiwanese > European Americans) and a main effect of arousal (high arousal > low arousal) but no interaction between Culture x Arousal.

Association Between Actual and Ideal Affect

Julie Cachia

08/13/2021

Tables

Raw Ideal Affect Table (Means, SD)

Ipsatized Ideal Affect Table (Means, SD)

Raw Actual Affect Table (Means, SD)

Ipsatized Actual Affect Table (Means, SD)

Visualizations

Ideal Affect - Raw

Ideal Affect - Ipsatized

Actual Affect - Raw

Actual Affect - Ipsatized

Culture as moderator of association between actual and ideal:

HAP overall

Individual HAP items

enthusiastic

excited

elated

LAP overall

Individual LAP items

relaxed

calm

peaceful

serene

HAN overall

Individual HAN items

fearful

hostile

nervous

LAN overall

Individual LAN items

dull

sleepy

sluggish

Correlations

HAP overall

Individual HAP items

enthusiastic

excited

elated

LAP overall

Individual LAP items

relaxed

calm

peaceful

serene

HAN overall

Individual HAN items

fearful

hostile

nervous

LAN overall

Individual LAN items

dull

sleepy

sluggish

Profile correlations

Positive vs. Negative (original)

Positive vs. Negative (equal number of states)

Quadrants of Affective Circumplex (HAP, LAP, HAN, LAN)

Low vs. High Arousal

Low vs. High Arousal (equal number of items)