R Notebook

This is an R Markdown Notebook. When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath the code.

Try executing this chunk by clicking the Run button within the chunk or by placing your cursor inside it and pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

plot(cars)

Add a new chunk by clicking the Insert Chunk button on the toolbar or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+I.

When you save the notebook, an HTML file containing the code and output will be saved alongside it (click the Preview button or press Ctrl+Shift+K to preview the HTML file).

The preview shows you a rendered HTML copy of the contents of the editor. Consequently, unlike Knit, Preview does not run any R code chunks. Instead, the output of the chunk when it was last run in the editor is displayed.

The first R-Learn Notebook

2+2

[1] 4

plot(cars)

# 年复利

t=0:10
r=0.05
n=1000*(1+r)^t
n

 [1] 1000.000 1050.000 1102.500 1157.625 1215.506 1276.282 1340.096 1407.100 1477.455 1551.328 1628.895

plot(t, n, type="l")

#驼鹿密度

moose.density = c(.17, .23, .23, .26, .37, .42, .66, .80, 1.11, 1.30, 1.37, 1.41, 1.73, 2.49)
kill.rate = c(.37, .47, 1.90, 2.04, 1.12, 1.74, 2.78, 1.85, 1.88, 1.96, 1.80, 2.44, 2.81, 3.75)

#plot(moose.density, kill.rate, type="p")


m=2.5*(0:100)/100
m

  [1] 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300 0.325 0.350 0.375 0.400 0.425 0.450 0.475 0.500 0.525 0.550 0.575
 [25] 0.600 0.625 0.650 0.675 0.700 0.725 0.750 0.775 0.800 0.825 0.850 0.875 0.900 0.925 0.950 0.975 1.000 1.025 1.050 1.075 1.100 1.125 1.150 1.175
 [49] 1.200 1.225 1.250 1.275 1.300 1.325 1.350 1.375 1.400 1.425 1.450 1.475 1.500 1.525 1.550 1.575 1.600 1.625 1.650 1.675 1.700 1.725 1.750 1.775
 [73] 1.800 1.825 1.850 1.875 1.900 1.925 1.950 1.975 2.000 2.025 2.050 2.075 2.100 2.125 2.150 2.175 2.200 2.225 2.250 2.275 2.300 2.325 2.350 2.375
 [97] 2.400 2.425 2.450 2.475 2.500

a=3.37
b=0.47
k=a*m/(b+m)
k

  [1] 0.0000000 0.1702020 0.3240385 0.4637615 0.5912281 0.7079832 0.8153226 0.9143411 1.0059701 1.0910072 1.1701389 1.2439597 1.3129870 1.3776730
 [15] 1.4384146 1.4955621 1.5494253 1.6002793 1.6483696 1.6939153 1.7371134 1.7781407 1.8171569 1.8543062 1.8897196 1.9235160 1.9558036 1.9866812
 [29] 2.0162393 2.0445607 2.0717213 2.0977912 2.1228346 2.1469112 2.1700758 2.1923792 2.2138686 2.2345878 2.2545775 2.2738754 2.2925170 2.3105351
 [43] 2.3279605 2.3448220 2.3611465 2.3769592 2.3922840 2.4071429 2.4215569 2.4355457 2.4491279 2.4623209 2.4751412 2.4876045 2.4997253 2.5115176
 [57] 2.5229947 2.5341689 2.5450521 2.5556555 2.5659898 2.5760652 2.5858911 2.5954768 2.6048309 2.6139618 2.6228774 2.6315851 2.6400922 2.6484055
 [71] 2.6565315 2.6644766 2.6722467 2.6798475 2.6872845 2.6945629 2.7016878 2.7086639 2.7154959 2.7221881 2.7287449 2.7351703 2.7414683 2.7476424
 [85] 2.7536965 2.7596339 2.7654580 2.7711720 2.7767790 2.7822820 2.7876838 2.7929872 2.7981949 2.8033095 2.8083333 2.8132689 2.8181185 2.8228843
 [99] 2.8275685 2.8321732 2.8367003

plot(moose.density, kill.rate, type="p")
points(m, k, type="l")

#America Population

length=(2000-1790)/10
year = 1790 + 10*c(0:length)

population=c(39, 53, 72, 96, 128, 170, 231, 314, 385, 501, 629, 762, 922, 1060, 1232, 1421, 1613, 1893, 2133, 2365, 2587, 2914)

plot(year, population, type="p")

plot(year, population, type="b")

plot(year, population, type="c")

plot(year, population, type="o")

plot(year, population, type="h")

plot(year, population, type="l")

NA
NA
NA

t=0:4.09
x=27.12*t
y=1.524+19.71*t-4.905*t^2
plot(x, y, type="o")

NA
NA
NA

#Function

length.hyp=function(x){
  h=sqrt(sum(x^2))
  return(h)
}

sides = c(3,4)
length.hyp(sides)

[1] 5

#----------

num.atoms = c(2,1)
atomic.weights=c(1.008,16.00)

molar.mass=function(x,y){
  mm=sum(x*y)
  return(mm)
}

molar.mass(num.atoms,atomic.weights)

[1] 18.016

source(file = "economics data.R")


stripchart(unemploy, xlab = "Percentage civilian unemployment 1960-2010", main = "Unemploy Rate", method = "stack", pch = 1, cex = 3)

hist(unemploy, main="Unemploy Rate", xlab = "Percentage civilian unemployment 1960-2010", ylab = "denisty", breaks = c(3,5,7,9,10))

hist(unemploy, main="Unemploy Rate", xlab = "Percentage civilian unemployment 1960-2010", ylab = "denisty")

stem(unemploy)

  The decimal point is at the |

  3 | 5688
  4 | 0255667999
  5 | 12345555666678889
  6 | 0112789
  7 | 01125567
  8 | 5
  9 | 3667

boxplot(unemploy, main="Main Title", xlab = "xlab description", ylab="ylab description")

plot(year, unemploy, type = "o", xlab = "xlab description", ylab = "ylab description", main = "main title")

plot(surplus, unemploy, type = "p", ylab = "ylab description")

boxplot(unemploy~party, range=0, names=c("Democratic", "Republican"), boxwex=.5, ylab="ylab description")

barplot(unemploy[party=="D"])

percentage=c(length(unemploy[party=="D"]),length(unemploy[party=="R"]))

pie(percentage, labels = c("D", "R"))

NA
NA

#loops

num.fibs=50
r=numeric(num.fibs)
r[1]=1
r[2]=1
for(i in 2:(num.fibs-1)){
  r[i+1]=r[i]+r[i-1]
}

r

 [1]           1           1           2           3           5           8          13          21          34          55          89         144
[13]         233         377         610         987        1597        2584        4181        6765       10946       17711       28657       46368
[25]       75025      121393      196418      317811      514229      832040     1346269     2178309     3524578     5702887     9227465    14930352
[37]    24157817    39088169    63245986   102334155   165580141   267914296   433494437   701408733  1134903170  1836311903  2971215073  4807526976
[49]  7778742049 12586269025

num.times=20

p0=.11
p1=.71
p2=.94
f=.24

J.t=numeric(num.times)
S.t=J.t
A.t=J.t

J.t[1]=1200
S.t[1]=800
A.t[1]=2000

for (i in 1:(num.times-1)){
  J.t[i+1]=f*A.t[i]
  S.t[i+1]=p0*J.t[i]
  A.t[i+1]=p1*S.t[i]+p2*A.t[i]
}

time.t=0:(num.times-1)
plot(time.t, J.t, type="o", lty=2,main="Forecasting", xlab="time in years", ylab="population size", ylim=c(0,2600))
points(time.t, S.t, type="o", lty=5)

points(time.t, A.t, type="o", lty=1)

NA
NA

outcomes=function(n,p){
  u=runif(n)
  x=numeric(n)
  for (i in 1:n) {
    if(u[i]<=p) x[i]=1 else x[i]=0
  }
  return(x)
}

n=30
p=0.26

num.sets=100
bat.ave=numeric(num.sets)
for (i in 1:num.sets) {
  bat.ave[i]=sum(outcomes(n,p))/n
}

bat.ave

  [1] 0.1666667 0.2333333 0.3000000 0.1333333 0.3000000 0.3000000 0.2333333 0.2333333 0.2333333 0.1333333 0.2666667 0.3000000 0.2333333 0.3666667
 [15] 0.2333333 0.3000000 0.2333333 0.4333333 0.2000000 0.2000000 0.2000000 0.2333333 0.2666667 0.2333333 0.2000000 0.2000000 0.3000000 0.4000000
 [29] 0.4333333 0.1666667 0.2000000 0.2000000 0.1333333 0.2000000 0.4333333 0.4000000 0.2333333 0.2666667 0.1666667 0.2333333 0.2666667 0.2000000
 [43] 0.3000000 0.1333333 0.2333333 0.1666667 0.2333333 0.1666667 0.1666667 0.3666667 0.2666667 0.3333333 0.2333333 0.3000000 0.2666667 0.2000000
 [57] 0.2333333 0.3000000 0.2666667 0.1333333 0.2000000 0.2333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.3000000 0.2666667 0.1333333 0.2333333 0.2000000 0.2000000
 [71] 0.3666667 0.3000000 0.3000000 0.3333333 0.2666667 0.2666667 0.2666667 0.4000000 0.4333333 0.1000000 0.3000000 0.1666667 0.2333333 0.3333333
 [85] 0.3000000 0.2333333 0.1666667 0.3000000 0.2333333 0.2666667 0.2000000 0.2666667 0.2333333 0.3333333 0.2333333 0.3333333 0.3333333 0.1333333
 [99] 0.2000000 0.2666667

hist(bat.ave)

stem(bat.ave)

  The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the left of the |

  1 | 03333333
  1 | 77777777
  2 | 0000000000000003333333333333333333333
  2 | 77777777777777
  3 | 00000000000000033333333
  3 | 777
  4 | 0003333

xlo1=-1
xhi1=2
x1=xlo1+(xhi1-xlo1)*(0:100)/100
y1=x1^2-x1-1
plot(x1,y1,type="l")

y21=numeric(length(x))
points(x1,y21, type = "l", lty="dashed")

xlo=1.61803
xhi=1.61804
x=xlo+(xhi-xlo)*(0:100)/100
y=x^2-x-1
plot(x,y,type="l")

y2=numeric(length(x))
points(x,y2, type = "l", lty="dashed")

theta=c(0, (1/4)*pi, (2/4)*pi, (3/4)*pi, pi, (5/4)*pi, (6/4)*pi, (7/4)*pi, 2*pi)

sin(theta)

[1]  0.000000e+00  7.071068e-01  1.000000e+00  7.071068e-01  1.224606e-16 -7.071068e-01 -1.000000e+00 -7.071068e-01 -2.449213e-16

cos(theta)

[1]  1.000000e+00  7.071068e-01  6.123032e-17 -7.071068e-01 -1.000000e+00 -7.071068e-01 -1.836910e-16  7.071068e-01  1.000000e+00

tan(theta)

[1]  0.000000e+00  1.000000e+00  1.633124e+16 -1.000000e+00 -1.224647e-16  1.000000e+00  5.443746e+15 -1.000000e+00 -2.449294e-16

plot(sin(theta), type = "o")

y=numeric(length(theta))
points(y,type = "l", lty="dashed")

th.lo=-4*pi
th.hi=4*pi
theta1=th.lo+(th.hi-th.lo)*(0:1000)/1000

y1=sin(theta1)
y2=cos(theta1)

plot(theta1, y1, type="l", lty=1, ylim=c(-2,2), xlab="theta", ylab="Sineand Cosine")
points(theta1, y2, type="l", lty=2)

y3=tan(theta1)
plot(theta1, y3, type = "p", ylim = c(-2,2))

NA
NA
NA

thetha=2*pi*(0:100)/100
r=1
x=r*cos(thetha)
y=r*sin(thetha)
par(pin=c(4,4))
plot(x,y, type="l")

NA
NA

b=sum(x1*x2)
b

[1] 212

A=matrix(scan("data.txt"), nrow = 3, ncol = 5, byrow = TRUE)

Read 15 items

A

     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    2    3    4    5
[2,]    6    7    8    9   10
[3,]   11   12   13   14   15

B=matrix(scan("data.txt"), nrow = 5, ncol = 3)

Read 15 items

B

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    6   11
[2,]    2    7   12
[3,]    3    8   13
[4,]    4    9   14
[5,]    5   10   15

A=rbind(c(-1,4),c(3,6))
c=c(8,30)
x=solve(A,c)

Ainv=solve(A)

x

[1] 4 3

Ainv

           [,1]       [,2]
[1,] -0.3333333 0.22222222
[2,]  0.1666667 0.05555556

Ainv%*%c

     [,1]
[1,]    4
[2,]    3

Ainv%*%A

     [,1]         [,2]
[1,]    1 2.220446e-16
[2,]    0 1.000000e+00

x=(0:100)*2*pi/100
y1=sin(x)
y2=cos(x)
y=cbind(y1,y2)
matplot(x,y)

matplot(x,y,type="l")

matplot(x,y,type="l",col = "black")

matplot(x,y,type="h")
legend(3.5, 0.75, c("sine","cosine"),lty = c(1,2))

matplot(x,y,type="l",lty=c(1,5))

matplot(x,y,type="s")

matplot(x,y,pch = 20,axes=FALSE,ann=FALSE, col = c("red","blue"))
legend(3.5, 0.75, c("sine","cosine"),pch = 20, col = c("red","blue"))

NA
NA

x0=c(2,2,3,4,4)
y0=c(2,3,2,2,3.75)
x1=c(2,3,3,4,4)
y1=c(4,3,4,3,4)

x=c(0,3)
y=c(0,3)

plot(x,y, type = "l", lty=1, xlim = c(0,5), ylim = c(0,5))
segments(x0,y0,x1,y1,col = "blue")

abline(h=1, lty=2,col="red")
abline(v=1, lty=2,col="red")

abline(2,1)
abline(-2,1)

text(x[2],y[2],c("I am here"), pos=3)
title(main = "WoW What a plot", sub="and the lables rock too", cex.main=2, cex.sub=.8)

plot(x0,y0, type = "o", lty=1, col="blue", xlim = c(0,10), ylim = c(0,5))
legend(5,4, "Interesting Legend",lty=1, col = "blue")

xhi=2
xlo=-1
x=xlo+(xhi-xlo)*(0:1000)/1000

layout(matrix(c(1,2,3,4),2,2))

#plot 1
y=x^2-x-1
plot(x,y,type="l",ylim = c(-2,2))
text(-.75,1.75,"a")

y2=numeric(length(x))
points(x,y2,type = "l",lty=2)

#plot 2
y=-x^2 +x +1
plot(x,y,type="l",ylim = c(-2,2))

text(-.75,1.75,"b")
y2=numeric(length(x))
points(x,y2,type = "l",lty=2)

#plot 3
y=x^2-x +1
plot(x,y,type="l",ylim = c(-2,2))
text(-.75,1.75,"c")

y2=numeric(length(x))
points(x,y2,type = "l",lty=2)

#plot 4
y=-x^2+x-1
plot(x,y,type="l",ylim = c(-2,2))

text(-.75,1.75,"d")
y2=numeric(length(x))
points(x,y2,type = "l",lty=2)