Investigación sobre valores máximos anómalos de la estimación del ingreso zonal

División por valores tendientes a cero

VE-CC-AJ

DataIntelligence

date: 02-08-2021

1 Resumen

Algo extraño sucede con el máximo de los ingresos medios por zona, algunos que resultan enormes en comparación al promedio del ingreso comunal derivado de la Casen.

options(scipen=999)
estadisticos <- read_xlsx("estadisticos_finales_escolaridad.xlsx")
kbl(estadisticos) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover")) %>%
  kable_paper() %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")
código personas comuna promedio_i año ingresos_expandidos mean sd min max mediana
01101 191468 Iquique 272529.7 2017 52180713221 339953.5 113569.64 183139.71 570498.5 316356.4
01401 15711 Pozo Almonte 243272.4 2017 3822052676 360876.6 181186.34 184028.24 855948.3 308088.5
01402 1250 Camiña 226831.0 2017 283538750 251212.6 165760.10 130012.18 715067.0 210701.7
01404 2730 Huara 236599.7 2017 645917134 253653.5 148547.48 59125.84 674770.2 229468.6
01405 9296 Pica 269198.0 2017 2502464414 501614.6 397458.49 243907.01 1521329.2 356104.5
02103 10186 Sierra Gorda 322997.9 2017 3290056742 469880.7 123604.30 301333.10 623158.4 475506.6
02104 13317 Taltal 288653.8 2017 3844002134 387771.1 153556.27 168343.63 843462.8 360965.2
02201 165731 Calama 238080.9 2017 39457387800 351733.9 224247.11 129275.09 1118893.1 284298.4
02203 10996 San Pedro de Atacama 271472.6 2017 2985112297 505101.6 358148.79 212847.94 1130487.9 308967.3
02301 25186 Tocopilla 166115.9 2017 4183793832 299805.8 169408.45 90845.44 753658.6 258560.1
03101 153937 Copiapó 251396.0 2017 38699138722 284981.0 137118.28 107034.52 715067.0 261395.9
03103 14019 Tierra Amarilla 287819.4 2017 4034940816 313280.0 119535.62 26875.38 500398.8 322369.3
03202 13925 Diego de Almagro 326439.0 2017 4545663075 287595.6 116096.06 206940.43 489113.3 243472.2
03301 51917 Vallenar 217644.6 2017 11299454698 293744.9 152594.98 124491.90 1004878.2 246201.4
03302 5299 Alto del Carmen 196109.9 2017 1039186477 346958.5 316318.80 79592.47 2069404.3 279951.8
03303 7041 Freirina 202463.8 2017 1425547554 229223.2 59916.24 138651.42 359436.4 234123.5
03304 10149 Huasco 205839.6 2017 2089066548 230695.5 76337.72 108916.01 384887.3 218206.7
04101 221054 La Serena 200287.4 2017 44274327972 227120.9 89528.39 73340.20 695684.9 220500.2
04102 227730 Coquimbo 206027.8 2017 46918711304 244543.2 66432.17 55102.97 381764.9 248876.7
04103 11044 Andacollo 217096.4 2017 2397612293 222565.2 112411.21 98543.06 480183.1 172105.4
04104 4241 La Higuera 231674.2 2017 982530309 223603.3 106033.49 63388.72 475994.9 213828.0
04105 4497 Paiguano 174868.5 2017 786383423 269202.1 92586.98 170640.03 517351.1 238798.9
04106 27771 Vicuña 169077.1 2017 4695441470 281699.8 163567.41 93802.55 920141.2 232715.2
04201 30848 Illapel 165639.6 2017 5109649759 194462.6 64279.88 101421.95 476711.3 193232.4
04202 9093 Canela 171370.3 2017 1558270441 181661.9 84144.51 43093.35 453618.8 184569.5
04203 21382 Los Vilos 173238.5 2017 3704185607 246155.5 123061.95 73645.22 578223.8 218330.4
04204 29347 Salamanca 193602.0 2017 5681637894 226713.0 71793.01 135305.44 443304.9 208336.1
04301 111272 Ovalle 230819.8 2017 25683781418 233596.7 120731.48 57483.45 1130487.9 217222.9
04302 13322 Combarbalá 172709.2 2017 2300832587 174494.9 65533.13 74430.28 396609.8 161497.3
04303 30751 Monte Patria 189761.6 2017 5835357638 223275.7 111786.41 51735.11 822173.0 201140.7
04304 10956 Punitaqui 165862.0 2017 1817183694 182698.4 84606.31 56021.36 381369.0 175465.5
04305 4278 Río Hurtado 182027.2 2017 778712384 217568.1 118306.38 60864.83 732558.8 199553.3
05101 296655 Valparaíso 251998.5 2017 74756602991 232483.7 35347.16 188716.06 273903.4 233657.6
05102 26867 Casablanca 252317.7 2017 6779018483 248552.7 75429.01 101421.95 421731.4 233485.7
05105 18546 Puchuncaví 231606.0 2017 4295363979 266809.7 87214.79 114966.90 437418.1 248718.9
05107 31923 Quintero 285125.8 2017 9102071069 210321.0 76565.47 103751.30 408609.7 205665.3
05301 66708 Los Andes 280548.0 2017 18714795984 299402.6 108037.12 179718.20 611821.8 280310.2
05302 14832 Calle Larga 234044.6 2017 3471349123 230982.9 82951.22 76644.60 376829.3 243249.6
05303 10207 Rinconada 246136.9 2017 2512319225 200840.5 66979.24 108954.57 360399.3 193953.3
05304 18855 San Esteban 211907.3 2017 3995512770 260084.5 86013.87 137253.94 512791.2 240375.2
05401 35390 La Ligua 172675.9 2017 6111000517 240505.4 60747.27 163421.16 410457.4 229427.2
05402 19388 Cabildo 212985.0 2017 4129354103 220969.0 68099.74 103470.21 420160.2 213036.3
05404 9826 Petorca 270139.8 2017 2654393853 240314.9 81916.98 103751.30 456505.7 239930.3
05405 7339 Zapallar 235661.4 2017 1729518700 241340.5 62848.88 174031.76 345558.7 224009.5
05501 90517 Quillota 212067.6 2017 19195726144 212795.2 35593.36 160217.96 290249.3 216095.7
05502 50554 Calera 226906.2 2017 11471016698 285865.6 68310.69 246074.51 387743.0 254822.5
05503 17988 Hijuelas 215402.0 2017 3874650405 247693.0 81200.45 142624.62 440041.2 249201.4
05504 22098 La Cruz 243333.4 2017 5377180726 237935.2 44851.22 209200.66 289617.1 214988.0
05506 22120 Nogales 219800.7 2017 4861992055 241051.4 35919.97 188267.64 283312.0 243972.1
05601 91350 San Antonio 230261.5 2017 21034388728 283021.5 122693.81 102152.42 715067.0 262534.2
05602 13817 Algarrobo 218057.0 2017 3012893845 240354.8 50112.82 147225.41 336311.1 242009.1
05603 22738 Cartagena 246517.9 2017 5605324190 259835.8 79652.09 102771.63 420982.0 242499.9
05606 10900 Santo Domingo 250404.5 2017 2729409577 238951.3 95040.08 86225.18 456505.7 223835.7
05701 76844 San Felipe 240842.4 2017 18507290899 254914.1 73628.45 180464.57 456398.8 238441.3
05702 13998 Catemu 204903.4 2017 2868237147 214550.1 44660.00 140701.58 312989.4 215251.2
05703 24608 Llaillay 257020.9 2017 6324771348 238706.0 27344.26 204365.17 297721.1 229146.6
05704 7273 Panquehue 210643.4 2017 1532009468 197197.6 64573.58 71516.63 276030.4 222952.7
05705 16754 Putaendo 207222.5 2017 3471806107 215121.4 54481.55 133201.55 351076.0 215141.3
05706 15241 Santa María 254903.6 2017 3884985562 252670.1 53974.51 155954.58 363509.1 248694.1
05801 151708 Quilpué 296519.4 2017 44984360344 243296.5 81480.29 119572.21 414908.0 226950.3
05802 46121 Limache 251682.2 2017 11607834893 203691.4 48398.19 84518.29 285316.1 201129.8
05803 17516 Olmué 198292.3 2017 3473287749 221511.1 52463.91 142624.62 341529.3 215485.1
05804 126548 Villa Alemana 249779.9 2017 31609146219 274113.5 88098.60 132916.98 402799.2 259527.0
06101 241774 Rancagua 243717.4 2017 58924531866 236177.8 113430.86 133201.55 695684.9 209853.8
06102 12988 Codegua 264737.7 2017 3438412620 235511.2 30545.45 194416.15 331019.1 231209.5
06103 7359 Coinco 175814.1 2017 1293816308 193510.3 24956.32 164398.11 223067.4 203990.1
06104 19597 Coltauco 254006.7 2017 4977769953 235813.8 44388.80 177281.75 325999.1 220075.3
06105 20887 Doñihue 198486.5 2017 4145787348 225555.2 23881.88 206179.15 271771.5 215171.7
06106 33437 Graneros 248394.9 2017 8305580885 257330.7 83108.93 177572.15 481978.7 238855.6
06107 24640 Las Cabras 201772.1 2017 4971665251 214975.6 46020.76 152889.60 342379.3 210558.0
06108 52505 Machalí 252049.6 2017 13233865906 324591.7 250571.17 134808.19 904390.3 222510.5
06109 13407 Malloa 250691.2 2017 3361017589 199899.7 43934.03 146142.67 360399.3 194714.9
06110 25343 Mostazal 264277.9 2017 6697593734 237897.9 44594.14 180811.99 380332.3 228706.5
06111 13608 Olivar 256304.8 2017 3487795575 199405.4 25076.44 166286.42 235887.2 196970.9
06112 14313 Peumo 230938.1 2017 3305417128 227342.3 47435.62 176685.40 324369.4 211687.1
06113 19714 Pichidegua 217210.9 2017 4282095940 209270.9 44384.51 141250.23 316266.3 208888.8
06114 13002 Quinta de Tilcoco 203672.8 2017 2648154389 213178.5 59346.98 103726.99 373143.1 202514.8
06115 58825 Rengo 250531.0 2017 14737488444 217213.7 62784.46 138651.42 526737.4 214596.0
06116 27968 Requínoa 244836.0 2017 6847572657 206790.3 38843.13 108428.43 278357.0 209180.9
06117 46766 San Vicente 242866.0 2017 11357872282 214373.5 51729.12 103470.21 397900.5 213781.1
06201 16394 Pichilemu 230362.3 2017 3776560181 200177.8 59959.32 87483.62 305196.4 209201.6
06202 3041 La Estrella 211425.0 2017 642943494 231730.5 74378.10 105040.04 440041.2 217332.7
06203 6294 Litueche 237979.9 2017 1497845780 232927.6 96173.71 48125.68 456505.7 202543.5
06204 7308 Marchihue 237849.2 2017 1738201845 264484.0 95433.94 149556.45 476711.3 235488.2
06205 6641 Navidad 165555.2 2017 1099452202 212534.2 63281.93 68980.14 344900.7 211894.5
06206 6188 Paredones 194146.1 2017 1201375821 191554.8 88633.22 77304.54 414908.0 160281.2
06301 73973 San Fernando 239724.5 2017 17733143348 225425.5 80656.15 120352.61 452195.2 211103.4
06302 15037 Chépica 207192.9 2017 3115559148 212337.7 61045.29 89718.96 414087.5 206940.4
06303 35399 Chimbarongo 227716.7 2017 8060942027 218961.1 59903.81 124209.99 380332.3 207173.1
06304 6811 Lolol 210117.9 2017 1431112941 200294.6 68557.51 112042.71 421731.4 198498.4
06305 17833 Nancagua 213675.0 2017 3810465416 225224.9 69095.84 152512.70 478309.2 214990.1
06306 12482 Palmilla 230550.0 2017 2877725100 239339.2 73306.74 134266.39 570498.5 231992.7
06307 11007 Peralillo 231695.3 2017 2550270534 246972.8 42613.74 155233.73 307607.9 237242.5
06308 8738 Placilla 221358.7 2017 1934232402 218702.6 55796.71 114966.90 338076.0 205054.6
06309 3421 Pumanque 239369.8 2017 818883984 220277.5 71837.55 68980.14 373475.7 226259.7
06310 37855 Santa Cruz 224421.9 2017 8495489945 223913.7 62601.33 79623.09 404862.1 212273.7
07101 220357 Talca 244658.0 2017 53912095394 205829.8 72534.55 92534.95 420160.2 196818.1
07102 46068 Constitución 198314.7 2017 9135962663 190947.9 108501.23 60022.88 672256.3 182861.3
07103 9448 Curepto 191743.1 2017 1811588746 156610.7 72671.42 55102.97 456398.8 139587.5
07104 4142 Empedrado 172428.7 2017 714199777 233257.8 99665.70 94063.83 480183.1 208767.0
07105 49721 Maule 195207.4 2017 9705908393 228759.7 69776.59 120722.77 456398.8 212357.3
07106 8422 Pelarco 187124.6 2017 1575963241 215792.3 64404.75 124501.57 420160.2 203653.9
07107 8245 Pencahue 220957.5 2017 1821794345 218436.9 90462.96 71516.63 568120.2 197722.4
07108 13906 Río Claro 196539.7 2017 2733081178 214556.2 78627.77 124501.57 520048.7 193886.3
07109 43269 San Clemente 179181.4 2017 7753001772 197860.3 60881.22 76644.60 452544.5 191330.0
07110 9191 San Rafael 195848.9 2017 1800047360 221031.7 47828.83 108833.91 297977.2 215058.6
07201 40441 Cauquenes 152604.5 2017 6171477801 184219.8 102327.66 39045.36 684758.6 163443.9
07202 8928 Chanco 128982.1 2017 1151552040 159033.7 72087.14 64281.52 427974.1 142237.9
07203 7571 Pelluhue 113986.7 2017 862993347 207491.2 81711.28 51101.39 381369.0 180199.6
07301 149136 Curicó 265301.7 2017 39566034949 201468.7 56685.10 59125.84 360399.3 203348.9
07302 9657 Hualañé 167967.3 2017 1622060226 163114.0 55576.94 56345.53 278442.5 162195.9
07303 6653 Licantén 179919.7 2017 1197005482 172942.3 55234.79 57483.45 257457.3 173710.9
07304 45976 Molina 227845.0 2017 10475401720 226126.7 63296.27 86225.18 456505.7 222059.0
07305 10484 Rauco 196719.6 2017 2062408371 219800.7 134233.84 59544.23 635615.1 205561.9
07306 15187 Romeral 218360.4 2017 3316239205 243841.1 174451.68 99475.11 1034702.1 212355.2
07307 18544 Sagrada Familia 204922.9 2017 3800089672 205202.4 53526.96 114099.69 304265.8 195712.8
07308 28921 Teno 250368.7 2017 7240913928 220526.5 62304.46 89974.10 506077.7 211462.9
07309 4322 Vichuquén 179935.1 2017 777679695 164168.4 53402.34 76392.76 285249.2 149257.2
07401 93602 Linares 192783.1 2017 18044885598 187009.2 71417.50 36535.67 414908.0 183909.7
07402 20765 Colbún 161250.1 2017 3348358419 201001.9 59903.52 43653.01 357533.5 198502.9
07403 30534 Longaví 166612.7 2017 5087351933 189760.3 60338.36 47224.73 371250.9 186352.4
07404 41637 Parral 183123.5 2017 7624714509 196214.1 77170.33 53069.62 476711.3 179160.7
07405 19974 Retiro 146406.4 2017 2924321333 195510.3 60505.69 51735.11 409835.1 193337.2
07406 45547 San Javier 170552.7 2017 7768163327 187190.3 77565.36 73907.29 572053.6 173178.1
07407 16221 Villa Alegre 178486.5 2017 2895229121 245808.9 61641.68 130012.18 381369.0 232685.6
07408 18081 Yerbas Buenas 203001.0 2017 3670461912 214799.5 45324.87 158276.02 376829.3 203974.2
08101 223574 Concepción 197625.8 2017 44183983882 235711.1 90897.02 114126.43 510694.6 210760.4
08102 116262 Coronel 217018.1 2017 25230952648 179735.7 58975.93 88259.01 258560.1 192366.1
08104 10624 Florida 147425.2 2017 1566245750 211913.4 97944.96 68980.14 562308.5 194861.5
08105 24333 Hualqui 202715.1 2017 4932666876 208327.3 108691.51 31354.61 502439.1 183546.5
08107 47367 Penco 195212.7 2017 9246639961 191583.0 70591.53 95198.98 326075.5 177861.5
08109 13749 Santa Juana 198449.1 2017 2728477197 168959.3 65207.09 82776.17 380332.3 157378.9
08110 151749 Talcahuano 161731.1 2017 24542535584 314620.2 217658.92 168251.05 564743.9 210865.7
08111 54946 Tomé 210053.2 2017 11541584520 185685.6 77960.59 44987.05 460070.6 174509.5
08201 25522 Lebu 141842.6 2017 3620107931 165770.0 60194.44 68597.58 301080.8 157378.9
08202 36257 Arauco 184849.0 2017 6702069405 174205.3 66310.15 67980.20 380421.4 173798.6
08203 34537 Cañete 186912.3 2017 6455391501 176231.3 69210.65 69037.43 489113.3 159083.7
08204 6031 Contulmo 131551.5 2017 793386801 168611.0 61709.02 77355.72 317807.5 168991.5
08205 32288 Curanilahue 252073.4 2017 8138946477 259355.4 159900.25 107436.03 835035.3 228423.4
08206 21035 Los Álamos 189429.4 2017 3984647129 190212.0 102415.53 98543.06 513189.3 166564.4
08207 10417 Tirúa 144994.9 2017 1510411713 167977.8 75454.19 50985.15 380332.3 147848.5
08301 202331 Los Ángeles 190810.3 2017 38606846296 214679.8 58087.14 110928.64 595630.3 205080.5
08302 4073 Antuco 155662.3 2017 634012722 358595.3 260769.75 140912.20 1034702.1 274423.0
08303 28573 Cabrero 249163.0 2017 7119335384 237473.0 71838.37 129280.05 520048.7 219986.9
08304 22389 Laja 174449.0 2017 3905739533 182947.5 58676.00 68980.14 381369.0 185309.2
08305 29627 Mulchén 198258.1 2017 5873792045 173288.6 80744.61 39796.24 380332.3 151204.0
08306 26315 Nacimiento 175829.2 2017 4626944798 174817.2 72938.94 52967.92 361756.1 152785.5
08307 9737 Negrete 216999.7 2017 2112926492 234603.3 85147.87 139167.03 502439.1 238414.6
08308 3988 Quilaco 167106.1 2017 666419314 305018.2 300907.59 115270.77 1521329.2 215875.2
08309 9587 Quilleco 222077.0 2017 2129051929 229197.4 120218.74 57953.13 532713.3 221961.0
08310 3412 San Rosendo 165912.3 2017 566092732 225293.1 117371.04 89974.10 441871.3 188516.2
08311 13773 Santa Bárbara 176010.5 2017 2424192819 190014.9 61698.15 98260.00 397684.2 183900.4
08312 14134 Tucapel 155538.6 2017 2198382777 220161.6 54613.01 143638.83 339058.5 208676.3
08313 21198 Yumbel 138515.0 2017 2936241535 217036.8 92435.58 56021.36 622507.8 199868.5
08314 5923 Alto Biobío 130542.9 2017 773205492 160689.9 79921.44 72277.97 336157.3 139072.4
09101 282415 Temuco 173314.1 2017 48946498862 192179.5 52989.35 95083.08 356919.5 188414.7
09102 24533 Carahue 127924.5 2017 3138372109 157525.2 55861.38 76536.00 318147.3 147464.2
09103 17526 Cunco 156882.5 2017 2749522512 240391.4 102416.83 118964.37 684758.6 218782.9
09104 7489 Curarrehue 135420.9 2017 1014167156 150236.3 37173.78 88967.80 217069.2 140372.4
09105 24606 Freire 197426.1 2017 4857867695 178727.5 50833.81 83507.15 297721.1 178403.1
09106 11996 Galvarino 147518.2 2017 1769627798 185567.2 70788.68 91950.19 408609.7 167340.5
09107 14414 Gorbea 140997.5 2017 2032338344 243989.2 83714.13 53693.97 418614.9 239614.8
09108 38013 Lautaro 282496.1 2017 10738525406 206642.3 80172.77 105551.72 530245.6 186288.7
09109 23612 Loncoche 160742.5 2017 3795451798 205457.8 126875.02 62520.38 1034702.1 187436.2
09110 6138 Melipeuco 164670.1 2017 1010744848 219711.0 78969.09 101558.35 420160.2 216665.0
09111 32510 Nueva Imperial 158196.8 2017 5142978907 189457.0 81045.13 62245.95 520048.7 175023.8
09112 76126 Padre Las Casas 169223.7 2017 12882320064 206522.7 68398.06 44029.88 489113.3 200619.0
09113 6905 Perquenco 155106.7 2017 1071011969 217786.4 76800.57 140602.99 426189.0 195877.4
09114 24837 Pitrufquén 205557.8 2017 5105439315 189618.8 65286.93 86112.98 397684.2 181560.6
09115 28523 Pucón 187764.8 2017 5355614570 215458.8 71521.29 59515.59 369420.7 209228.8
09116 12450 Saavedra 130775.6 2017 1628156299 186864.5 80306.28 61114.21 456398.8 158872.7
09117 15045 Teodoro Schmidt 138894.2 2017 2089663239 180043.6 65546.78 43056.49 478141.0 174432.2
09118 9722 Toltén 113791.8 2017 1106284328 184932.4 66760.57 60255.18 408609.7 173349.6
09119 28151 Vilcún 135602.8 2017 3817354634 221673.3 83415.78 60864.83 532713.3 205890.2
09120 55478 Villarrica 198745.4 2017 11026000004 222515.9 62114.35 107267.15 404862.1 210740.8
09121 11611 Cholchol 115103.4 2017 1336465909 185489.9 57150.64 60864.83 373475.7 180199.6
09201 53262 Angol 173377.3 2017 9234420713 169914.0 77768.69 55102.97 420160.2 147562.7
09202 24598 Collipulli 182323.1 2017 4484784762 205030.6 108602.87 92266.71 489113.3 166316.2
09203 17413 Curacautín 186604.9 2017 3249351008 237012.7 113134.61 83499.48 531994.3 207454.0
09204 7733 Ercilla 136678.7 2017 1056936411 210079.0 113557.94 90370.18 535149.2 193978.7
09205 10251 Lonquimay 138745.9 2017 1422283764 168076.0 82603.24 42232.74 410457.4 163052.9
09206 7265 Los Sauces 142588.7 2017 1035906610 172642.8 68199.82 64881.75 337385.1 172450.4
09207 9548 Lumaco 170538.2 2017 1628298886 154657.7 69391.75 39796.24 393600.1 149051.6
09208 11779 Purén 133537.6 2017 1572938990 168001.9 67821.85 61114.21 351076.0 157941.1
09209 10250 Renaico 218920.0 2017 2243930000 217386.4 59273.72 106993.53 344900.7 220197.5
09210 18843 Traiguén 210526.3 2017 3966946195 182873.9 90237.90 53061.65 572053.6 174010.0
09211 34182 Victoria 187662.8 2017 6414689393 215528.8 109608.16 54458.01 611821.8 189966.2
10101 245902 Puerto Montt 176237.4 2017 43337141298 197473.1 56043.23 67075.65 371243.3 192027.1
10102 33985 Calbuco 155443.9 2017 5282762017 182657.5 118466.41 75600.88 953422.6 170612.9
10104 12261 Fresia 183977.2 2017 2255743895 181292.2 77863.33 73907.29 440041.2 162737.8
10105 18428 Frutillar 174883.1 2017 3222744874 174292.4 45345.16 95677.31 286895.7 167014.3
10106 17068 Los Muermos 192845.4 2017 3291484556 157078.2 76053.84 45422.72 520048.7 144003.3
10107 17591 Llanquihue 149333.8 2017 2626930838 168757.9 64423.01 54214.22 381369.0 161413.8
10108 14216 Maullín 137613.7 2017 1956316762 189086.9 64407.05 87768.99 380332.3 176981.5
10109 44578 Puerto Varas 219839.1 2017 9799987895 206584.0 76873.99 78853.08 476711.3 188469.3
10201 43807 Castro 183717.2 2017 8048100927 173333.2 53071.56 52714.31 299575.3 171895.8
10202 38991 Ancud 161910.1 2017 6313036958 188868.7 79048.79 38322.30 526737.4 175380.0
10203 14858 Chonchi 193642.9 2017 2877146807 167785.7 65722.61 63420.40 381369.0 159841.9
10204 3829 Curaco de Vélez 177952.2 2017 681378864 208858.2 89448.70 107578.57 476711.3 176865.1
10205 13762 Dalcahue 207717.6 2017 2858609503 186524.8 59299.26 95105.36 336128.1 184230.3
10206 3921 Puqueldón 208274.8 2017 816645370 173632.0 49454.82 117833.71 325999.1 159529.2
10207 5385 Queilén 151485.0 2017 815746659 168544.5 115193.32 80030.51 689801.4 138579.3
10208 27192 Quellón 171685.5 2017 4668472212 165555.2 65965.54 48893.47 385825.2 161428.4
10209 8352 Quemchi 122223.1 2017 1020807718 152747.8 57849.69 40015.25 306713.7 150855.5
10210 8088 Quinchao 119852.6 2017 969367811 177598.0 102715.38 49156.58 440041.2 164995.9
10301 161460 Osorno 196610.2 2017 31744688808 207382.7 73230.81 55929.84 440067.5 197227.4
10302 8999 Puerto Octay 221980.9 2017 1997605810 211239.8 66399.41 122955.28 489113.3 198135.6
10303 20369 Purranque 186719.5 2017 3803288945 187588.0 59423.37 98193.62 336502.1 175146.2
10304 11667 Puyehue 176006.9 2017 2053472049 225363.5 86360.65 73907.29 684244.0 221399.2
10305 14085 Río Negro 156568.1 2017 2205262341 193961.7 57947.88 46617.38 355501.3 190044.4
10306 7512 San Juan de la Costa 152674.0 2017 1146887184 170936.0 81437.05 44987.05 570632.2 156976.9
10307 10030 San Pablo 181411.6 2017 1819558805 210759.2 89224.71 48893.47 568120.2 184533.4
11101 57818 Coyhaique 230013.0 2017 13298894369 192566.1 94976.28 48125.68 520048.7 171795.0
11201 23959 Aysén 246614.5 2017 5908637554 334920.4 188844.10 34490.07 874836.2 301080.8
11202 6517 Cisnes 262412.7 2017 1710143349 406630.7 165461.96 149428.61 738841.5 358028.8
11301 3490 Cochrane 211652.6 2017 738667487 212939.8 86545.33 89974.10 351076.0 201304.7
11401 4865 Chile Chico 188913.8 2017 919065674 214902.6 115487.63 89440.32 480183.1 191067.4
11402 2666 Río Ibáñez 171315.6 2017 456727447 208216.7 77860.29 76644.60 325999.1 202239.5
12101 131592 Punta Arenas 256903.3 2017 33806414442 284163.3 102902.75 129337.77 635615.1 272563.9
12301 6801 Porvenir 381329.2 2017 2593419712 227287.7 132627.53 33377.49 476711.3 198434.2
12401 21477 Natales 302167.3 2017 6489647004 354855.1 196933.65 86186.70 799209.3 271651.7
13202 26521 Pirque 274675.6 2017 7284672878 199119.2 48723.60 129429.40 318527.4 195157.2
13203 18189 San José de Maipo 344876.8 2017 6272964115 285581.4 111899.84 146142.67 572053.6 248124.8
13301 146207 Colina 255373.7 2017 37337421744 164112.6 66152.35 75432.24 311253.9 153485.6
13302 102034 Lampa 243425.7 2017 24837699582 214233.3 57533.27 82754.78 360399.3 213694.0
13303 19312 Tiltil 264794.8 2017 5113717064 228172.9 53071.29 164483.41 347635.6 211341.8
13401 301313 San Bernardo 251728.3 2017 75849003232 250483.1 88039.30 89974.10 460070.6 223957.1
13402 96614 Buin 289884.0 2017 28006850165 200234.0 51963.97 123750.05 306568.8 196650.5
13403 25392 Calera de Tango 298439.8 2017 7577982724 200869.5 45365.93 125722.44 305464.5 206170.3
13404 72759 Paine 282280.9 2017 20538478428 219347.8 41982.94 158094.23 351076.0 214237.1
13501 123627 Melipilla 199121.9 2017 24616837833 236950.5 74290.78 90845.44 635615.1 222727.0
13502 6444 Alhué 242844.2 2017 1564887792 287621.5 115997.86 198434.25 570632.2 234731.0
13503 32579 Curacaví 220990.2 2017 7199638514 234089.5 68700.74 129337.77 497105.2 221980.8
13504 13590 María Pinto 198063.3 2017 2691680700 251327.7 80360.91 155626.96 583224.2 234062.0
13505 9726 San Pedro 231429.7 2017 2250885401 240349.3 94173.98 62709.22 570498.5 218249.4
13601 74237 Talagante 230734.4 2017 17129031774 190341.0 42017.86 112061.05 280437.7 188402.9
13602 35923 El Monte 201444.7 2017 7236496479 216599.9 24035.59 170198.31 237288.2 223350.8
13603 36219 Isla de Maipo 232595.7 2017 8424384020 230501.4 47062.08 169663.89 325999.1 224391.3
13604 63250 Padre Hurtado 231845.6 2017 14664233522 206410.4 37350.59 138206.83 276670.0 206169.6
13605 90201 Peñaflor 249848.3 2017 22536570306 212279.7 53564.17 164434.61 337385.1 202477.3
14101 166080 Valdivia 211732.5 2017 35164529745 215231.9 81987.77 62709.22 497105.2 208838.1
14102 5302 Corral 157428.1 2017 834683963 176293.7 69774.41 50473.27 297692.7 168925.4
14103 16752 Lanco 184730.2 2017 3094599901 224325.2 61463.93 82981.59 341402.4 222769.4
14104 19634 Los Lagos 190489.7 2017 3740075550 235958.3 80319.36 91279.75 560213.6 232490.9
14105 7095 Máfil 180289.2 2017 1279152079 251663.6 95372.69 62863.03 602926.9 229364.9
14106 21278 Mariquina 187045.1 2017 3979945072 213736.1 86451.95 63420.40 486475.2 206259.8
14107 20188 Paillaco 163833.6 2017 3307473487 212936.6 71288.17 98267.51 502439.1 204304.8
14108 34539 Panguipulli 180390.3 2017 6230498948 202737.1 83020.41 68737.66 427974.1 186554.5
14201 38036 La Unión 201975.2 2017 7682327556 172209.8 64321.07 79592.47 414908.0 159500.4
14202 14665 Futrono 193120.3 2017 2832109866 224472.0 87682.03 79592.47 530245.6 203197.2
14203 9896 Lago Ranco 186595.7 2017 1846550611 167270.3 54064.74 89682.47 318147.3 167814.9
14204 31372 Río Bueno 184360.5 2017 5783758517 181340.9 63209.14 57607.35 452195.2 168223.0
15101 221364 Arica 250863.6 2017 55532177025 354756.1 169246.50 227500.96 817219.4 279433.6
15102 1255 Camarones 222472.1 2017 279202446 317728.1 112352.51 231592.91 489113.3 246422.9
15201 2765 Putre 194293.6 2017 537221762 392864.4 283886.06 171189.65 1140996.9 281369.3
16101 184739 Chillán 232041.6 2017 42867130063 222934.7 108093.70 147920.53 822173.0 201140.7
16102 21493 Bulnes 167693.2 2017 3604229178 211065.7 77544.66 75749.37 506077.7 207686.9
16103 30907 Chillán Viejo 179855.8 2017 5558803478 232844.8 65182.54 76644.60 342047.9 240209.9
16104 12044 El Carmen 151144.7 2017 1820386198 152159.4 52015.46 57635.39 314043.8 135612.5
16105 8448 Pemuco 151889.4 2017 1283161238 208912.1 89354.72 42232.74 480183.1 200617.0
16106 10827 Pinto 153289.2 2017 1659661870 195999.3 102525.38 87768.99 589120.1 177640.3
16107 17485 Quillón 133479.9 2017 2333895558 204120.1 86476.93 53693.97 415598.3 194635.6
16108 16079 San Ignacio 174538.8 2017 2806409365 199182.1 72336.49 105133.85 568120.2 197543.7
16109 17787 Yungay 194006.8 2017 3450799686 225714.7 111632.12 51735.11 695684.9 206475.7
16201 11594 Quirihue 155446.9 2017 1802251666 228160.7 126558.91 76084.29 928434.4 217332.7
16202 5012 Cobquecura 122513.3 2017 614036495 193636.3 92605.11 66754.98 441871.3 174288.6
16203 15995 Coelemu 174050.2 2017 2783932983 193315.9 74882.46 53295.85 351076.0 178352.6
16204 5213 Ninhue 161577.8 2017 842304828 173292.0 74143.70 84306.90 393213.2 144090.7
16205 4862 Portezuelo 168595.2 2017 819710106 189701.3 75678.81 71506.70 380421.4 172027.3
16206 5755 Ránquil 221951.3 2017 1277329463 207346.5 86035.64 50473.27 414908.0 193011.4
16207 5401 Treguaco 178763.9 2017 965503625 173468.9 79267.60 57953.13 414908.0 166050.8
16301 53024 San Carlos 175203.6 2017 9289995173 198025.9 86288.63 40576.55 520048.7 184965.9
16302 26881 Coihueco 174853.6 2017 4700239750 199215.6 61481.47 90099.82 356090.5 191944.7
16303 11152 Ñiquén 188830.1 2017 2105832760 185733.7 55845.46 54458.01 336128.1 194949.9
16304 4308 San Fabián 158019.3 2017 680747063 214696.4 77350.35 76644.60 381369.0 214964.4
16305 11603 San Nicolás 180675.3 2017 2096375354 207126.3 74502.87 79592.47 402606.3 194378.0

Vemos que el valor máximo de ingreso promedio estimado por zona para Pica es de 1521329.2 siendo que el ingreso estimado promedio de la Casen es de 269198.0

Hagamos un filtro de la tabla con nuestras estimaciones para Pica:

tabla_de_trabajo2 <- read_xlsx("tabla_de_trabajo_escolaridad.xlsx")
 
comuna_01405 <- filter(tabla_de_trabajo2, tabla_de_trabajo2$código.x == "01405")
names(comuna_01405)[3] <- "Freq_variable"
names(comuna_01405)[9] <- "Freq_pob_zona"
kbl(comuna_01405) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover")) %>%
  kable_paper() %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")
clave código.x Freq_variable personas comuna promedio_i año ingresos_expandidos Freq_pob_zona p código.y multipob est_ing ing_medio_zona
1405012008 01405 160 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 645 0.0693847 01405 173632696.6 157320022 243907.0
1405012010 01405 21 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 53 0.0057014 01405 14267492.9 23556767 444467.3
1405012014 01405 17 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 67 0.0072074 01405 18036264.6 19497122 291001.8
1405012901 01405 27 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 115 0.0123709 01405 30957767.6 29576261 257184.9
1405022003 01405 1819 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 3757 0.4041523 01405 1011376807.7 1692497644 450491.8
1405022012 01405 292 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 668 0.0718589 01405 179824250.1 281366432 421207.2
1405022901 01405 4 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 20 0.0021515 01405 5383959.6 5720536 286026.8
1405032001 01405 10 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 44 0.0047332 01405 11844711.1 12247707 278357.0
1405032009 01405 7 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 11 0.0011833 01405 2961177.8 9043903 822173.0
1405042009 01405 3 9296 Pica 269198 2017 2502464414 3 0.0003227 01405 807593.9 4563988 1521329.2

Recordemos que nuestra formula para calcular el ingreso promedio por zona divide por la proporción de la población zonal, por lo que cuando la proporción tiende a 0 el ingreso estimado aumenta.

\[ Ingreso \_ Medio\_zona = est\_ing / (personas * p\_poblacional) \]

El valor máximo corresponde al valor de la proporción poblacional minimo, que es igual a p = 0.0003227194 y que tiene un efecto exponencial

Demostración de que la suma de las proporciones poblacionales para la zona en cuestion da 1

tabla_de_prop_pob <- readRDS("tabla_de_prop_pob.rds")
names(tabla_de_prop_pob)[1]  <- "clave"
tabla_de_prop_01405 <- filter(tabla_de_prop_pob, tabla_de_prop_pob$código == "01405")
tabla_de_prop_01405
##         clave Freq            p código
## 1  1405011001 3876 0.4169535284  01405
## 2  1405012008  645 0.0693846816  01405
## 3  1405012010   53 0.0057013769  01405
## 4  1405012014   67 0.0072074010  01405
## 5  1405012901  115 0.0123709122  01405
## 6  1405022003 3757 0.4041523236  01405
## 7  1405022012  668 0.0718588640  01405
## 8  1405022901   20 0.0021514630  01405
## 9  1405032001   44 0.0047332186  01405
## 10 1405032009   11 0.0011833046  01405
## 11 1405042002    1 0.0001075731  01405
## 12 1405042009    3 0.0003227194  01405
## 13 1405991999   36 0.0038726334  01405