Multigroup H Models

This shows model results for the Multigroup Theil H. I ran two sets of models: one where the total H was being predicted, and one where the %-between component was being predicted.

This markdown doesn’t include instrumental variable models right now.

Each type of flow/residential segregation is predicted with a primary treatment variable for the number of divisions.

For the %-btwn, each decomposition was regressed with the same division as the treatment. For example, the percent of Theil H between interstate polygons is predicted by the number of interstate divisions. It might also be worth including a model for the %btwn for the Place decomposition with the number of highway rays with this set of models.

All models do the robust standard errors (I followed discussion here to implement Stata defaults:) https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/117052/replicating-statas-robust-option-in-r

CBSAs %-btwn Models

int

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	0.394	0.682*	0.566
	(0.517)	(0.367)	(0.528)
pop.below.poverty	-2.692***	-1.654***	-2.442***
	(0.432)	(0.288)	(0.501)
manufactur.emp	-0.603	-0.431	-1.374**
	(0.645)	(0.451)	(0.678)
single.headed.fams	6.325***	4.246***	5.714***
	(1.729)	(1.201)	(1.671)
under18	0.294	0.070	0.975
	(0.506)	(0.370)	(0.668)
pop.dens	0.0002**	0.0001**	0.0003**
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.191***	-0.174***	-0.194***
	(0.051)	(0.032)	(0.056)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.127	-0.092*	-0.161
	(0.081)	(0.049)	(0.099)
division_nameMountain	-0.173***	-0.115***	-0.196***
	(0.052)	(0.036)	(0.060)
division_nameNew England	-0.417***	-0.299***	-0.257***
	(0.076)	(0.050)	(0.070)
division_namePacific	-0.245***	-0.166***	-0.281***
	(0.050)	(0.034)	(0.053)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.183***	-0.159***	-0.206***
	(0.049)	(0.030)	(0.051)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.177***	-0.106**	-0.153***
	(0.060)	(0.047)	(0.059)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.157*	-0.082	-0.179*
	(0.086)	(0.060)	(0.098)
Constant	0.289*	0.199*	0.165
	(0.149)	(0.108)	(0.173)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

ints.and.us

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	0.475**	0.748***	0.615**
	(0.204)	(0.154)	(0.239)
pop.below.poverty	-2.221***	-1.769***	-1.663***
	(0.426)	(0.286)	(0.449)
manufactur.emp	-0.425	-0.221	-0.594
	(0.659)	(0.490)	(0.764)
single.headed.fams	5.308***	4.062***	4.378***
	(1.454)	(1.081)	(1.390)
under18	0.304	0.250	0.808
	(0.468)	(0.348)	(0.567)
pop.dens	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0003***
	(0.0001)	(0.00005)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.116**	-0.113***	-0.102**
	(0.046)	(0.030)	(0.051)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.139**	-0.089**	-0.107
	(0.066)	(0.041)	(0.076)
division_nameMountain	-0.159***	-0.115***	-0.131**
	(0.044)	(0.033)	(0.055)
division_nameNew England	-0.379***	-0.310***	-0.275***
	(0.056)	(0.043)	(0.067)
division_namePacific	-0.253***	-0.192***	-0.254***
	(0.040)	(0.031)	(0.052)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.072*	-0.092***	-0.079*
	(0.038)	(0.027)	(0.045)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.065	-0.057	-0.043
	(0.043)	(0.036)	(0.047)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.158*	-0.102	-0.145
	(0.086)	(0.063)	(0.105)
Constant	0.391***	0.252**	0.234
	(0.134)	(0.103)	(0.174)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

plc

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	1.044***	0.874***	1.286***
	(0.237)	(0.207)	(0.224)
pop.below.poverty	-2.724***	-2.181***	-1.973***
	(0.558)	(0.445)	(0.509)
manufactur.emp	-0.549	0.308	-1.040*
	(0.644)	(0.664)	(0.530)
single.headed.fams	4.957**	6.325***	6.280***
	(1.916)	(1.557)	(1.559)
under18	-0.099	-0.608	0.291
	(0.661)	(0.539)	(0.654)
pop.dens	0.0001**	0.0001	0.001***
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.079	-0.102**	-0.014
	(0.052)	(0.040)	(0.053)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.047	0.028	-0.039
	(0.055)	(0.042)	(0.072)
division_nameMountain	-0.013	-0.014	0.116
	(0.071)	(0.052)	(0.078)
division_nameNew England	-0.174**	-0.130	0.060
	(0.082)	(0.085)	(0.069)
division_namePacific	-0.019	-0.060	-0.007
	(0.044)	(0.041)	(0.063)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.108**	-0.095**	-0.116*
	(0.042)	(0.039)	(0.060)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.128**	-0.069*	0.011
	(0.051)	(0.039)	(0.059)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.095*	-0.091**	-0.046
	(0.052)	(0.040)	(0.070)
Constant	0.572***	0.370***	0.150
	(0.172)	(0.140)	(0.144)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

school_dist

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	1.446***	1.287***	1.644***
	(0.262)	(0.209)	(0.289)
pop.below.poverty	-2.675***	-2.407***	-2.142***
	(0.648)	(0.432)	(0.688)
manufactur.emp	1.118	1.023	1.346
	(0.919)	(0.783)	(0.829)
single.headed.fams	5.652**	7.310***	6.807**
	(2.612)	(1.808)	(2.808)
under18	0.809	0.548	1.003
	(0.765)	(0.512)	(0.763)
pop.dens	0.0001*	0.0001*	0.0004**
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0002)
division_nameEast South Central	0.038	-0.055	0.101
	(0.082)	(0.063)	(0.095)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.073	0.072	0.143**
	(0.056)	(0.048)	(0.070)
division_nameMountain	0.065	0.038	0.163
	(0.101)	(0.075)	(0.123)
division_nameNew England	-0.010	-0.018	0.115
	(0.088)	(0.079)	(0.072)
division_namePacific	0.055	-0.021	0.130
	(0.084)	(0.063)	(0.109)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	0.043	-0.044	0.084
	(0.080)	(0.065)	(0.102)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.085	-0.071	0.020
	(0.073)	(0.061)	(0.087)
division_nameWest South Central	0.039	0.003	0.133
	(0.074)	(0.059)	(0.102)
Constant	0.148	-0.070	-0.157
	(0.191)	(0.132)	(0.179)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

wtr

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	2.986***	1.606***	2.935***
	(0.333)	(0.153)	(0.377)
pop.below.poverty	-0.968**	-0.571**	-0.532
	(0.431)	(0.223)	(0.358)
manufactur.emp	-1.571**	-0.947***	-0.589
	(0.660)	(0.337)	(0.480)
single.headed.fams	2.251*	1.712**	3.575***
	(1.183)	(0.722)	(1.320)
under18	0.209	0.061	-0.401
	(0.471)	(0.249)	(0.387)
pop.dens	0.00004	0.00001	0.00002
	(0.00004)	(0.00002)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	0.010	-0.012	0.031
	(0.063)	(0.034)	(0.071)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.025	-0.024	0.016
	(0.043)	(0.026)	(0.068)
division_nameMountain	-0.105***	-0.065***	-0.056
	(0.040)	(0.022)	(0.034)
division_nameNew England	-0.001	-0.034	-0.022
	(0.050)	(0.027)	(0.070)
division_namePacific	-0.051	-0.041*	0.018
	(0.043)	(0.022)	(0.043)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.012	-0.015	-0.009
	(0.035)	(0.022)	(0.031)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.037	-0.021	-0.002
	(0.036)	(0.022)	(0.035)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.071*	-0.046**	-0.023
	(0.040)	(0.022)	(0.035)
Constant	0.071	0.042	0.003
	(0.109)	(0.052)	(0.096)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

CZs %-btwn Models

int

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	0.394	0.682*	0.566
	(0.517)	(0.367)	(0.528)
pop.below.poverty	-2.692***	-1.654***	-2.442***
	(0.432)	(0.288)	(0.501)
manufactur.emp	-0.603	-0.431	-1.374**
	(0.645)	(0.451)	(0.678)
single.headed.fams	6.325***	4.246***	5.714***
	(1.729)	(1.201)	(1.671)
under18	0.294	0.070	0.975
	(0.506)	(0.370)	(0.668)
pop.dens	0.0002**	0.0001**	0.0003**
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.191***	-0.174***	-0.194***
	(0.051)	(0.032)	(0.056)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.127	-0.092*	-0.161
	(0.081)	(0.049)	(0.099)
division_nameMountain	-0.173***	-0.115***	-0.196***
	(0.052)	(0.036)	(0.060)
division_nameNew England	-0.417***	-0.299***	-0.257***
	(0.076)	(0.050)	(0.070)
division_namePacific	-0.245***	-0.166***	-0.281***
	(0.050)	(0.034)	(0.053)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.183***	-0.159***	-0.206***
	(0.049)	(0.030)	(0.051)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.177***	-0.106**	-0.153***
	(0.060)	(0.047)	(0.059)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.157*	-0.082	-0.179*
	(0.086)	(0.060)	(0.098)
Constant	0.289*	0.199*	0.165
	(0.149)	(0.108)	(0.173)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

ints.and.us

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	0.475**	0.748***	0.615**
	(0.204)	(0.154)	(0.239)
pop.below.poverty	-2.221***	-1.769***	-1.663***
	(0.426)	(0.286)	(0.449)
manufactur.emp	-0.425	-0.221	-0.594
	(0.659)	(0.490)	(0.764)
single.headed.fams	5.308***	4.062***	4.378***
	(1.454)	(1.081)	(1.390)
under18	0.304	0.250	0.808
	(0.468)	(0.348)	(0.567)
pop.dens	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0003***
	(0.0001)	(0.00005)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.116**	-0.113***	-0.102**
	(0.046)	(0.030)	(0.051)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.139**	-0.089**	-0.107
	(0.066)	(0.041)	(0.076)
division_nameMountain	-0.159***	-0.115***	-0.131**
	(0.044)	(0.033)	(0.055)
division_nameNew England	-0.379***	-0.310***	-0.275***
	(0.056)	(0.043)	(0.067)
division_namePacific	-0.253***	-0.192***	-0.254***
	(0.040)	(0.031)	(0.052)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.072*	-0.092***	-0.079*
	(0.038)	(0.027)	(0.045)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.065	-0.057	-0.043
	(0.043)	(0.036)	(0.047)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.158*	-0.102	-0.145
	(0.086)	(0.063)	(0.105)
Constant	0.391***	0.252**	0.234
	(0.134)	(0.103)	(0.174)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

plc

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	1.044***	0.874***	1.286***
	(0.237)	(0.207)	(0.224)
pop.below.poverty	-2.724***	-2.181***	-1.973***
	(0.558)	(0.445)	(0.509)
manufactur.emp	-0.549	0.308	-1.040*
	(0.644)	(0.664)	(0.530)
single.headed.fams	4.957**	6.325***	6.280***
	(1.916)	(1.557)	(1.559)
under18	-0.099	-0.608	0.291
	(0.661)	(0.539)	(0.654)
pop.dens	0.0001**	0.0001	0.001***
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.079	-0.102**	-0.014
	(0.052)	(0.040)	(0.053)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.047	0.028	-0.039
	(0.055)	(0.042)	(0.072)
division_nameMountain	-0.013	-0.014	0.116
	(0.071)	(0.052)	(0.078)
division_nameNew England	-0.174**	-0.130	0.060
	(0.082)	(0.085)	(0.069)
division_namePacific	-0.019	-0.060	-0.007
	(0.044)	(0.041)	(0.063)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.108**	-0.095**	-0.116*
	(0.042)	(0.039)	(0.060)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.128**	-0.069*	0.011
	(0.051)	(0.039)	(0.059)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.095*	-0.091**	-0.046
	(0.052)	(0.040)	(0.070)
Constant	0.572***	0.370***	0.150
	(0.172)	(0.140)	(0.144)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

school_dist

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	1.446***	1.287***	1.644***
	(0.262)	(0.209)	(0.289)
pop.below.poverty	-2.675***	-2.407***	-2.142***
	(0.648)	(0.432)	(0.688)
manufactur.emp	1.118	1.023	1.346
	(0.919)	(0.783)	(0.829)
single.headed.fams	5.652**	7.310***	6.807**
	(2.612)	(1.808)	(2.808)
under18	0.809	0.548	1.003
	(0.765)	(0.512)	(0.763)
pop.dens	0.0001*	0.0001*	0.0004**
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0002)
division_nameEast South Central	0.038	-0.055	0.101
	(0.082)	(0.063)	(0.095)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.073	0.072	0.143**
	(0.056)	(0.048)	(0.070)
division_nameMountain	0.065	0.038	0.163
	(0.101)	(0.075)	(0.123)
division_nameNew England	-0.010	-0.018	0.115
	(0.088)	(0.079)	(0.072)
division_namePacific	0.055	-0.021	0.130
	(0.084)	(0.063)	(0.109)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	0.043	-0.044	0.084
	(0.080)	(0.065)	(0.102)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.085	-0.071	0.020
	(0.073)	(0.061)	(0.087)
division_nameWest South Central	0.039	0.003	0.133
	(0.074)	(0.059)	(0.102)
Constant	0.148	-0.070	-0.157
	(0.191)	(0.132)	(0.179)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

wtr

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs.per.ct	2.986***	1.606***	2.935***
	(0.333)	(0.153)	(0.377)
pop.below.poverty	-0.968**	-0.571**	-0.532
	(0.431)	(0.223)	(0.358)
manufactur.emp	-1.571**	-0.947***	-0.589
	(0.660)	(0.337)	(0.480)
single.headed.fams	2.251*	1.712**	3.575***
	(1.183)	(0.722)	(1.320)
under18	0.209	0.061	-0.401
	(0.471)	(0.249)	(0.387)
pop.dens	0.00004	0.00001	0.00002
	(0.00004)	(0.00002)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	0.010	-0.012	0.031
	(0.063)	(0.034)	(0.071)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.025	-0.024	0.016
	(0.043)	(0.026)	(0.068)
division_nameMountain	-0.105***	-0.065***	-0.056
	(0.040)	(0.022)	(0.034)
division_nameNew England	-0.001	-0.034	-0.022
	(0.050)	(0.027)	(0.070)
division_namePacific	-0.051	-0.041*	0.018
	(0.043)	(0.022)	(0.043)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.012	-0.015	-0.009
	(0.035)	(0.022)	(0.031)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.037	-0.021	-0.002
	(0.036)	(0.022)	(0.035)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.071*	-0.046**	-0.023
	(0.040)	(0.022)	(0.035)
Constant	0.071	0.042	0.003
	(0.109)	(0.052)	(0.096)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

Uncontrolled for size

Instead of divs/cts, this is just raw divs

CBSAs %-btwn Models variation

int

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.027***	0.017***	0.027***
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.004)
pop.below.poverty	-1.201***	-0.669**	-0.906**
	(0.401)	(0.279)	(0.421)
manufactur.emp	0.064	0.024	-0.528
	(0.556)	(0.400)	(0.538)
single.headed.fams	3.933***	2.621**	3.636**
	(1.502)	(1.042)	(1.547)
under18	-0.993**	-0.745**	-0.465
	(0.435)	(0.298)	(0.436)
pop.dens	-0.0002***	-0.0001*	-0.0001
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.088	-0.111***	-0.082
	(0.054)	(0.035)	(0.053)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.009	-0.005	-0.026
	(0.075)	(0.049)	(0.075)
division_nameMountain	-0.047	-0.042	-0.050
	(0.046)	(0.038)	(0.051)
division_nameNew England	-0.264***	-0.202***	-0.102**
	(0.064)	(0.051)	(0.050)
division_namePacific	-0.038	-0.042	-0.060
	(0.048)	(0.041)	(0.050)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.044	-0.076**	-0.053
	(0.038)	(0.031)	(0.040)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.077*	-0.041	-0.034
	(0.045)	(0.038)	(0.054)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.069	-0.031	-0.074
	(0.061)	(0.055)	(0.067)
Constant	0.318***	0.236**	0.185
	(0.114)	(0.093)	(0.124)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

ints.and.us

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.006***	0.003***	0.007***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)
pop.below.poverty	-0.939**	-0.787**	-0.337
	(0.465)	(0.343)	(0.468)
manufactur.emp	0.567	0.642	0.246
	(0.566)	(0.436)	(0.597)
single.headed.fams	3.613**	2.563**	2.740*
	(1.453)	(1.097)	(1.500)
under18	-0.817	-0.418	-0.523
	(0.497)	(0.394)	(0.539)
pop.dens	-0.0001	-0.00003	-0.00002
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.079*	-0.072*	-0.060
	(0.044)	(0.037)	(0.051)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.054	-0.036	-0.002
	(0.065)	(0.046)	(0.068)
division_nameMountain	-0.062	-0.073*	-0.021
	(0.042)	(0.037)	(0.053)
division_nameNew England	-0.302***	-0.253***	-0.152***
	(0.063)	(0.051)	(0.055)
division_namePacific	-0.104**	-0.120***	-0.093
	(0.045)	(0.038)	(0.059)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.024	-0.051*	-0.005
	(0.031)	(0.030)	(0.042)
division_nameWest North Central	0.005	0.011	0.037
	(0.037)	(0.034)	(0.055)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.089	-0.064	-0.063
	(0.064)	(0.057)	(0.077)
Constant	0.458***	0.322***	0.336**
	(0.135)	(0.108)	(0.161)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

plc

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	-0.0003	-0.0004*	0.0003
	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.001)
pop.below.poverty	-2.875***	-2.328***	-1.942***
	(0.626)	(0.505)	(0.686)
manufactur.emp	-1.602**	-0.733	-1.322**
	(0.731)	(0.691)	(0.576)
single.headed.fams	3.544*	5.083***	4.937**
	(2.071)	(1.641)	(1.978)
under18	0.220	-0.239	0.045
	(0.773)	(0.619)	(0.795)
pop.dens	0.0002***	0.0002***	0.0005***
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.131**	-0.151***	-0.043
	(0.051)	(0.040)	(0.048)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.029	0.036	0.069
	(0.048)	(0.046)	(0.058)
division_nameMountain	-0.096	-0.092	0.076
	(0.084)	(0.061)	(0.080)
division_nameNew England	-0.185***	-0.137**	0.050
	(0.059)	(0.060)	(0.067)
division_namePacific	-0.101*	-0.146***	-0.012
	(0.054)	(0.041)	(0.056)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.134***	-0.124***	-0.114*
	(0.046)	(0.042)	(0.060)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.202***	-0.137***	-0.036
	(0.053)	(0.038)	(0.056)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.181***	-0.174***	-0.085
	(0.054)	(0.041)	(0.061)
Constant	0.825***	0.579***	0.473**
	(0.176)	(0.141)	(0.183)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

school_dist

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.0003	0.0001	0.003***
	(0.0004)	(0.0004)	(0.001)
pop.below.poverty	-1.974***	-1.775***	-0.615
	(0.703)	(0.489)	(0.821)
manufactur.emp	2.213**	1.975**	2.478***
	(1.044)	(0.872)	(0.842)
single.headed.fams	4.532	6.297***	4.342
	(2.806)	(2.000)	(3.241)
under18	0.214	0.067	-0.097
	(0.853)	(0.605)	(0.776)
pop.dens	-0.0001	-0.0001	-0.0001
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0003)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.054	-0.139**	0.055
	(0.084)	(0.066)	(0.083)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.178**	0.164**	0.317***
	(0.074)	(0.065)	(0.071)
division_nameMountain	-0.024	-0.043	0.112
	(0.112)	(0.086)	(0.114)
division_nameNew England	0.090	0.083	0.323***
	(0.104)	(0.097)	(0.077)
division_namePacific	0.042	-0.040	0.165
	(0.109)	(0.084)	(0.114)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.034	-0.117	0.059
	(0.094)	(0.079)	(0.092)
division_nameWest North Central	0.018	0.020	0.138
	(0.083)	(0.068)	(0.086)
division_nameWest South Central	0.028	-0.008	0.098
	(0.090)	(0.076)	(0.125)
Constant	0.419**	0.164	0.162
	(0.193)	(0.140)	(0.161)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

wtr

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.010**	0.006***	0.009*
	(0.004)	(0.002)	(0.005)
pop.below.poverty	-0.172	-0.155	0.067
	(0.438)	(0.226)	(0.384)
manufactur.emp	-0.783	-0.468	-0.066
	(0.713)	(0.363)	(0.484)
single.headed.fams	-0.419	0.235	0.952
	(1.229)	(0.713)	(1.343)
under18	-0.245	-0.159	-0.800*
	(0.480)	(0.250)	(0.434)
pop.dens	-0.0001***	-0.0001***	-0.0002*
	(0.0001)	(0.00003)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	0.029	-0.002	0.028
	(0.064)	(0.034)	(0.073)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.021	0.002	0.052
	(0.043)	(0.026)	(0.067)
division_nameMountain	-0.104***	-0.063***	-0.084**
	(0.037)	(0.020)	(0.038)
division_nameNew England	0.012	-0.030	0.008
	(0.048)	(0.024)	(0.063)
division_namePacific	-0.010	-0.016	0.018
	(0.041)	(0.021)	(0.047)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	0.006	-0.007	-0.009
	(0.030)	(0.018)	(0.030)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.020	-0.013	-0.015
	(0.031)	(0.018)	(0.039)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.049	-0.032	-0.018
	(0.038)	(0.021)	(0.031)
Constant	0.249**	0.132**	0.238**
	(0.111)	(0.051)	(0.106)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

CZs %-btwn Models variation

hwy

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.001***	0.001***	0.002***
	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.0005)
pop.below.poverty	0.394	0.189	0.048
	(0.354)	(0.333)	(0.378)
manufactur.emp	1.093***	0.798**	1.152***
	(0.334)	(0.343)	(0.379)
single.headed.fams	-1.297	-0.287	0.046
	(0.970)	(1.100)	(1.053)
under18	0.346	0.715*	0.296
	(0.440)	(0.427)	(0.454)
pop.dens	-0.0001***	-0.0001***	-0.0003***
	(0.00002)	(0.00002)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	0.010	-0.027	0.002
	(0.024)	(0.022)	(0.024)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.017	-0.024	0.006
	(0.027)	(0.035)	(0.036)
division_nameMountain	-0.086***	-0.126***	-0.028
	(0.032)	(0.033)	(0.042)
division_nameNew England	-0.061	-0.057	0.022
	(0.041)	(0.037)	(0.029)
division_namePacific	-0.089*	-0.140***	-0.050
	(0.048)	(0.039)	(0.048)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	0.050**	0.001	0.054*
	(0.025)	(0.030)	(0.029)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.005	-0.036	-0.004
	(0.024)	(0.031)	(0.030)
division_nameWest South Central	0.008	-0.022	0.028
	(0.028)	(0.031)	(0.031)
Constant	0.574***	0.330***	0.523***
	(0.115)	(0.110)	(0.119)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

int

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.023***	0.015***	0.044***
	(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.005)
pop.below.poverty	-1.652***	-1.099***	-0.943***
	(0.426)	(0.283)	(0.323)
manufactur.emp	-1.148**	-0.939***	0.397
	(0.518)	(0.358)	(0.435)
single.headed.fams	3.012**	2.275**	2.303*
	(1.417)	(1.012)	(1.188)
under18	0.485	0.529	-0.676
	(0.548)	(0.368)	(0.423)
pop.dens	-0.0001***	-0.0001***	-0.0002*
	(0.00002)	(0.00001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.034	-0.072**	0.034
	(0.049)	(0.031)	(0.044)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.036	-0.084***	0.037
	(0.040)	(0.029)	(0.036)
division_nameMountain	-0.198***	-0.147***	0.074*
	(0.074)	(0.047)	(0.043)
division_nameNew England	-0.138**	-0.128***	0.046
	(0.063)	(0.037)	(0.072)
division_namePacific	-0.175***	-0.149***	-0.008
	(0.054)	(0.039)	(0.045)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.103**	-0.106***	0.031
	(0.041)	(0.031)	(0.033)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.104***	-0.082***	-0.009
	(0.038)	(0.027)	(0.048)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.096	-0.078*	0.034
	(0.061)	(0.045)	(0.055)
Constant	0.215*	0.105	0.160
	(0.127)	(0.089)	(0.122)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

plc

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.001***	0.001***	0.001
	(0.0002)	(0.0002)	(0.001)
pop.below.poverty	-3.398***	-2.834***	-3.939***
	(0.359)	(0.298)	(0.511)
manufactur.emp	-0.795*	-0.468	-1.582***
	(0.465)	(0.441)	(0.503)
single.headed.fams	7.727***	7.123***	10.211***
	(1.665)	(1.396)	(1.785)
under18	0.145	0.349	0.506
	(0.506)	(0.371)	(0.573)
pop.dens	-0.0002***	-0.0002***	0.0001
	(0.00002)	(0.00003)	(0.0002)
division_nameEast South Central	-0.048	-0.065	-0.037
	(0.046)	(0.043)	(0.044)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	-0.070	-0.032	-0.004
	(0.051)	(0.059)	(0.054)
division_nameMountain	-0.068	-0.120**	0.044
	(0.053)	(0.051)	(0.052)
division_nameNew England	0.032	0.051	0.008
	(0.045)	(0.049)	(0.069)
division_namePacific	0.014	-0.075*	0.061
	(0.040)	(0.040)	(0.044)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.086**	-0.106***	-0.073
	(0.042)	(0.041)	(0.046)
division_nameWest North Central	-0.093*	-0.114***	-0.094**
	(0.056)	(0.039)	(0.046)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.083*	-0.132***	-0.040
	(0.045)	(0.040)	(0.047)
Constant	0.555***	0.340***	0.330***
	(0.114)	(0.099)	(0.127)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

school_dist

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.001***	0.002***	0.004***
	(0.0003)	(0.0003)	(0.001)
pop.below.poverty	0.073	-0.498	-0.419
	(0.546)	(0.435)	(0.512)
manufactur.emp	1.904***	0.696	2.095***
	(0.692)	(0.566)	(0.527)
single.headed.fams	-0.061	2.064	2.045
	(1.849)	(1.444)	(1.937)
under18	0.368	0.925*	0.324
	(0.705)	(0.517)	(0.709)
pop.dens	-0.0002***	-0.0003***	-0.001***
	(0.00004)	(0.00004)	(0.0002)
division_nameEast South Central	0.008	-0.098**	0.025
	(0.054)	(0.047)	(0.033)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.139**	0.075	0.098*
	(0.066)	(0.062)	(0.059)
division_nameMountain	-0.110	-0.170***	-0.013
	(0.068)	(0.058)	(0.065)
division_nameNew England	0.120**	0.090*	0.080
	(0.059)	(0.053)	(0.059)
division_namePacific	0.013	-0.084	0.023
	(0.081)	(0.061)	(0.054)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	-0.019	-0.155***	0.048
	(0.071)	(0.057)	(0.057)
division_nameWest North Central	0.020	-0.023	0.025
	(0.059)	(0.052)	(0.040)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.003	-0.085	0.040
	(0.063)	(0.053)	(0.042)
Constant	0.464**	0.174	0.374**
	(0.184)	(0.125)	(0.172)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

wtr

	Dependent variable:
	incoming	residential	visited
	(1)	(2)	(3)
n.divs	0.007**	0.005***	0.008*
	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.004)
pop.below.poverty	0.199	0.059	-0.165
	(0.321)	(0.150)	(0.300)
manufactur.emp	-0.539	-0.492**	-0.203
	(0.471)	(0.216)	(0.439)
single.headed.fams	-0.967	-0.271	0.640
	(1.109)	(0.530)	(1.289)
under18	-0.636*	-0.117	-0.658
	(0.384)	(0.183)	(0.420)
pop.dens	-0.00004	-0.00004**	-0.0002**
	(0.00003)	(0.00001)	(0.0001)
division_nameEast South Central	0.084**	0.010	0.054
	(0.034)	(0.014)	(0.038)
division_nameMiddle Atlantic	0.019	-0.003	0.059
	(0.035)	(0.018)	(0.066)
division_nameMountain	-0.082***	-0.059***	-0.088**
	(0.027)	(0.015)	(0.038)
division_nameNew England	0.022	-0.002	-0.022
	(0.027)	(0.013)	(0.059)
division_namePacific	-0.029	-0.030**	-0.033
	(0.034)	(0.014)	(0.044)
division_nameSouth Atlantic	0.023	0.008	-0.022
	(0.026)	(0.013)	(0.027)
division_nameWest North Central	0.030	0.013	-0.010
	(0.026)	(0.014)	(0.034)
division_nameWest South Central	-0.007	-0.013	-0.014
	(0.032)	(0.016)	(0.038)
Constant	0.281***	0.104**	0.256**
	(0.098)	(0.043)	(0.107)
Note:	p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01