Preliminary Reading and Graphing of Inspection Data

During the Summer of 2021, data from ICE facility inspections was compiled into a series of spreadsheets. The impetus for the project was Nathan Craig who was interested in collating the data to examine them for trends, patterns, and anomalies. The work was performed by three students funded under a National Science Foundation grant awarded to Dr. Neil Harvey (NMSU) and Dr. Jeremy Slack (NMSU). The students who performed the work were Juan Becerra (Stanford), Avigail Turima Romo (Columbia), and Daniela Navarro Verdugo (CSSLO). The three students worked with Nathan Craig (NMSU and AVID) to develop a workflow for compiling individual report significant incident summary forms and inspection cover letters into a series of spreadsheets.

This document is a preliminary proof of concept and initial exploratory data analysis (Tukey 1977). Goals of the document are to:

• illustrate the kinds of analysis possible with the tabulation of ICE inspection data
• demonstrate code for reading the spreadsheet
• show specific wrangling methods unique to the data structure
• provide preliminary exploratory plot of select variables from the Significant Incident Summary Sheets.

The data are presently incomplete and represent results compiled as of 2021-07-05.

# Load necessary libraries

# Reading and wrangling
library(googlesheets4)
library(readr)
library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
library(lubridate)
library(DT)

# Plotting
library(ggplot2)
library(RColorBrewer)

# Tables
library(kableExtra)

# Load custom function
source("function_clean_facility_names.R", local = knitr::knit_global())

1 Introduction

1.1 Method for Reading G-324A-19-inc form

The code for this report is specific to data logged in the G-324A-19 form and the incident summaries portion of that form. The incident summary portion of this form is probably the most complex data structure in the project and also contains the largest volume of quantitative information. Therefore, it seemed like a good place to start with an initial proof of concept.

At the outset, there were issues reading in the Google Sheet. Several of the numeric columns read into R as lists which was undesirable. In the Google Sheet, Craig set the columns to plain text rather than auto and the data read in fine as character columns. This seemed to resolve the issue for a time, and it was possible to use the type_convert() function from the readr library (Wickham and Hester 2020) to convert these columns to numbers. Additional steps were taken to use the read_sheet function of the googlesheets4 library (Bryan 2021) to explicitly set the column types to character.

There were also some issues using lubridate (Spinu, Grolemund, and Wickham 2021) to wrangle the month and year fields to a proper date. Craig was not able to discern the cause of the issue. However, changing the month format on the incident sheet from abbreviated to fully written out months solved the issue. Those changes were made in the master Google Sheet and the data were called using the googlesheets4 library.

# Read in Sheet G-324A-19
df_324 <- read_sheet("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1im5VSi3bIEi13O8WQ56wEIXSyNEstbGMylXXgD9bAG0/edit#gid=1858227071",
                 sheet="G-324A-19",
                 col_names = TRUE,
                 col_types = "c") %>% 
  clean_names() %>% 
  
  # Run custom cleaning function
  clean_facility_names() %>% 
  
  # df specific changes
  mutate(facility = as.factor(facility),
         state = as.factor(state),
         date = mdy(inspection_date),
         current_inspection_date_from = mdy(current_inspection_date_from),
         current_inspection_date_to = mdy(current_inspection_date_to)
         ) %>% 
  relocate(date, .before = inspection_date) %>% 
  mutate_at(c(20:49), as.numeric)

# Read Google Sheet incident worksheet, convert to data frame, and wrangle
df_324_inc <- read_sheet("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1im5VSi3bIEi13O8WQ56wEIXSyNEstbGMylXXgD9bAG0/edit#gid=1858227071",
                 sheet="G-324A-19-inc",
                 col_types = "c") %>% 
  clean_names() %>%
  
  # Run custom cleaning function
  clean_facility_names() %>% 


  # df_specific changes
  unite(date, year:month) %>% 
  mutate(facility = as.factor(facility),
         state = as.factor(state),
         date = ym(date)
         ) %>% 
  mutate_at(c(6:76), as.numeric)

At present 199 out of approximately 300 are complete. The inspections range in time from 2019-08-22 to 2021-05-27.

1.2 Summary Tables

Summary tables help to provide an overview of how many instances occur within particular category of data or how frequent a particular issue is recorded at a given facility. Summary tables are generated using a combination of group_by with summarize with the results piped to kable and kableExtra.

df_facility <- df_324 %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(n_inspections = n()) %>% 
  ungroup() 
  
df_facility %>% 
  kable(caption = "Inspections Reviewed by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Inspections Reviewed")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 1.1: Inspections Reviewed by Facility

Facility	Inspections Reviewed
Adams County Correctional Center	2
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	2
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	2
Alamance County Detention Center	1
Alamance County Jail	1
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	2
Aurora ICE Processing Center	2
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	2
Baker County Detention Center	2
Bergen County Jail	2
Bluebonnet Detention Center	1
Boone County Jail	2
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	1
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	2
Brooks County Detention Center	1
Broward Transitional Center	2
Butler County Jail	1
Calhoun County Correctional Center	2
Cambria County Prison	1
Caroline Detention Facility	2
Carver County Jail	1
Cass County Jail	1
Catahoula Correctional Center	2
CCA Florence Correctional Center	1
Chase County Detention Center	1
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	1
Christian County Jail	1
Cibola County Correctional Center	2
Clay County Jail	2
Clinton County Correctional Facility	2
Coastal Bend Detention Center	1
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	2
Desert View Annex	2
Dodge County Detention Facility	2
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	2
Dorchester County Detention Center	3
Douglas County Department of Corrections	1
East Hidalgo Detention Center	1
Eden Detention Center	1
El Paso Service Processing Center	2
El Valle Detention Facility	1
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	2
Eloy Detention Center	2
Essex County Correctional Facility	2
Etowah County Jail	1
Florence Service Processing Center	2
Folkston ICE Processing Center	1
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	1
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	2
Geauga County Jail	2
Glades County Detention Center	1
Golden State Annex	3
Hall County Department of Corrections	1
Hardin County Jail	2
Henderson Detention Center	1
Houston Contract Detention Facility	2
Howard County Detention Center	1
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	2
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	1
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	2
Irwin County Detention Center	1
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	2
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	1
Jerome Combs Detention Center	2
Joe Corley Processing Center	2
Johnson County Corrections Center	1
Kay County Detention Center	2
Krome North Service Processing Center	1
Krome Service Processing Center	2
La Palma Correctional Center	1
Laredo Processing Center	2
LaSalle Correctional Center	1
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	1
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	1
Limestone County Detention Center	2
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	1
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	1
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	1
Montgomery County Jail	1
Montgomery Processing Center	2
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	1
Morrow County Correctional Facility	1
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	1
Northwest ICE Processing Center	2
Nye County Detention Center	2
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	1
Orange County Correctional Facility	2
Otay Mesa Detention Center	2
Otero County Processing Center	2
Pike County Correctional Facility	2
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	2
Platte County Detention Center	1
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	1
Polk County Adult Detention Center	2
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	2
Prairieland Detention Center	2
Pulaski County Detention Center	2
Richwood Correctional Center	2
Rio Grande Detention Center	2
River Correctional Center	3
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	2
Rolling Plains Detention Center	1
Saint Clair County Jail	1
San Luis Regional Detention Center	2
Seneca County Jail	2
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	1
Sherburne County Jail	2
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	1
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	2
South Texas ICE Processing Center	1
Stewart Detention Center	2
Strafford County Department of Corrections	2
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	1
Teller County Jail	2
Torrance County Detention Facility	1
Val Verde Correctional Facility	1
Wakulla County Detention Facility	2
Washoe County Detention Center	1
Webb County Detention Center	2
West Texas Detention Facility	1
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	1
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	2
Winn Correctional Center	2
Worcester County Jail	1
York County Prison	2
Yuba County Jail	2

1.3 Facet Plots

Facet plots are produced for several categories of data. Within each category, columns are pivoted longer and plotted by date. Graphing is done using the ggplot2 library (Wickham et al. 2021) with the facet_wrap function to provide a means to compare multiple facilities simultaneously. Such a plot can help identify trends and guide more specific questions.

2 Assaults

The ICE G-324A Significant Incident Summary sheet contains information on a number of different kinds of assaults. Specifically, there are four categories of assaults listed:

• Detained Person on Staff with Serious Injury
• Detained Person on Staff without Serious Injury
• Detained Person on Detained Person with Serious Injury
• Detained Person on Detained Person without Serious Injury

Conspicuously absent from this list of assault types are assaults on detained persons by staff. This is deeply concerning because already initial review of inspection forms and prior news stories indicates that staff assaults on detained persons do occur. For example, at the Bristol County County Jail and House of Corrections independent investigation by the Massachusetts Office of Attorney General (MAOG) found that facility staff found a “planned and deliberate-use of force against the ICE detainees that was disproportionate to the security needs at that time and unnecessarily caused, or risked causing, harm to all involved” (MA AG 2020, ii). The MOAG found that facility staff used “a flash bang grenade, pepper-ball launchers, pepper spray canisters, anti-riot shields, and canines–against detainees who had exhibited calm and nonviolent behavior for at least an hour before this operation” (MA AG 2020, ii). Investigations found that staff “deployed these weapons both indiscriminately upon entry and also specifically against detainees who were not combative, assaultive, or otherwise actively resisting staff” (MA AG 2020, ii).

While the aforementioned Bristol County Jail may be a particularly egregious instance of staff assaulting detained persons, it is not an isolated case. For example, video evidence from the Torrance County Detention Facility in Estancia NM shows CoreCivic’s private facility staff pepper spraying persons detained by ICE on hunger strike (Swetlitz 2020). Review of inspections has also revealed additional inappropriate use of force incidents. The omission of a field to record instances of staff assaulting detained persons occludes and obscures real instances of violence. As the inspections process is a detention reform designed to make a more humane system of civil incarceration, the omission of categories for logging staff physical mistreatment of detained persons raises serious questions about the inspections processes ability to record significant and documented civil and human rights violations.

2.1 Summary Tables

df_assaults <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury:
       detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_assaults = sum(c_across(
       detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury:
       detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury:total_assaults,
               names_to = "assault_type",
               values_to = "assault_count") %>% 
  
  # Remove NA Values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(assault_type = factor(assault_type, levels = c(
    "detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury",
    "detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_no_serious_injury",
    "detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_serious_injury",
    "detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury",
    "total_assaults"
  )))

df_assaults %>% 
  group_by(assault_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Assaults by Type` = sum(assault_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Assaults by Type",
        col.names = c("Assault Type", "Total Assault Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 2.1: Total Assaults by Type

Assault Type	Total Assault Type
detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury	13
detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_no_serious_injury	333
detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_serious_injury	126
detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury	2926
total_assaults	3390

df_assaults %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_assaults = sum(assault_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_assaults)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Assaults by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Assaults by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 2.1: Total Assaults by Facility

Facility	Total Assaults by Facility
Krome Service Processing Center	470
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	390
Prairieland Detention Center	330
South Texas ICE Processing Center	312
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	264
Otero County Processing Center	240
Aurora ICE Processing Center	222
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	222
Stewart Detention Center	218
Eloy Detention Center	216
Otay Mesa Detention Center	200
El Paso Service Processing Center	192
Winn Correctional Center	172
Essex County Correctional Facility	146
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	136
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	128
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	118
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	108
River Correctional Center	106
Caroline Detention Facility	104
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	98
Yuba County Jail	96
Adams County Correctional Center	94
La Palma Correctional Center	92
Bergen County Jail	86
Northwest ICE Processing Center	78
Catahoula Correctional Center	72
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	72
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	70
Folkston ICE Processing Center	68
Bluebonnet Detention Center	64
Montgomery Processing Center	60
Pulaski County Detention Center	60
Sherburne County Jail	60
Houston Contract Detention Facility	58
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	58
Baker County Detention Center	54
Calhoun County Correctional Center	54
Limestone County Detention Center	50
Polk County Adult Detention Center	50
Irwin County Detention Center	48
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	48
Strafford County Department of Corrections	46
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	45
Krome North Service Processing Center	40
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	34
Nye County Detention Center	34
Pike County Correctional Facility	32
Webb County Detention Center	32
CCA Florence Correctional Center	30
Joe Corley Processing Center	30
Wakulla County Detention Facility	30
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	28
Johnson County Corrections Center	28
Orange County Correctional Facility	26
Richwood Correctional Center	26
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	24
Florence Service Processing Center	24
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	24
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	24
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	24
Clinton County Correctional Facility	22
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	22
Rio Grande Detention Center	22
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	20
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	20
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	20
Cambria County Prison	18
Glades County Detention Center	16
Hall County Department of Corrections	16
York County Prison	16
Henderson Detention Center	14
Seneca County Jail	14
Broward Transitional Center	12
Butler County Jail	12
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	12
Hardin County Jail	12
Torrance County Detention Facility	12
Coastal Bend Detention Center	10
Dodge County Detention Facility	10
Eden Detention Center	10
El Valle Detention Facility	10
Howard County Detention Center	10
Boone County Jail	8
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	8
Worcester County Jail	7
Geauga County Jail	6
Jerome Combs Detention Center	6
Kay County Detention Center	6
Montgomery County Jail	6
Saint Clair County Jail	6
Val Verde Correctional Facility	6
Clay County Jail	4
Laredo Processing Center	4
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	4
San Luis Regional Detention Center	4
Teller County Jail	4
Carver County Jail	2
Cass County Jail	2
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	2
Rolling Plains Detention Center	2
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	2
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	2
West Texas Detention Facility	2
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	0
Christian County Jail	0
Cibola County Correctional Center	0
Desert View Annex	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Golden State Annex	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

2.2 Facet of Assaults by Plot

The figure below is a facet plot of the assault categories present on the G-324A SIS form.

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(5, "Paired")
plot_colors[5] <- "#000000"

# Create the labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Detained Person on Staff w. Serious Injury",
    "Detained Person on Staff w/o Serious Injury",
    "Detained Person on Detained Person w. Serous Injury",
    "Detained Person on Detained Person w/o Serous Injury",
    "Total Assaults")

df_assaults %>% 
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = assault_count, linetype=assault_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = assault_type), size =.65) +
  
  # Set the line type
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Assault Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 5)
    )+
  
  # Setting the color
  scale_color_manual(
    values = plot_colors,
    labels = plot_labels,
  name = "Assault Type:"
  )+

  labs(title = "Reported Assaults")+
  ylab("Number of Assaults")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =5))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

3 Disciplinary

As a matter of law, ICE detention is not punitive it is purely administrative civil holding to ensure that individuals are present for their immigration proceedings. Despite that fact, there is a tremendous amount of punitive disciplinary measures that take place in ICE detention. Some of this information on discipline in ICE detention is logged in facility inspections. As seen in the tables below, during the current sample period there were more than 42,000 disciplinary infractions.

3.1 Summary Tables

df_discipline <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       disciplinary_infractions:
       sanctions_over_60_days
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_disciplinary = sum(c_across(
       disciplinary_infractions:
       sanctions_over_60_days
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  disciplinary_infractions:total_disciplinary,
               names_to = "disciplinary_type",
               values_to = "disciplinary_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly set factor levels
  mutate(disciplinary_type = factor(disciplinary_type, levels =c(
    "disciplinary_infractions",
    "disciplinary_infractions_guilty",
    "disciplinary_appeals",
    "disciplinary_appeals_found_in_favor_of_detainee",
    "sanctions_over_60_days",
    "total_disciplinary"
  )))

df_discipline %>% 
  group_by(disciplinary_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Disciplinary by Type` = sum(disciplinary_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Disciplinary by Type",
        col.names = c("Discipline Type", "Total Discipline Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 3.1: Total Disciplinary by Type

Discipline Type	Total Discipline Type
disciplinary_infractions	25089
disciplinary_infractions_guilty	19610
disciplinary_appeals	1234
disciplinary_appeals_found_in_favor_of_detainee	295
sanctions_over_60_days	30
total_disciplinary	45547

df_discipline %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_disciplinary = sum(disciplinary_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_disciplinary)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Discipline by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Discipline by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 3.1: Total Discipline by Facility

Facility	Total Discipline by Facility
Eloy Detention Center	7128
La Palma Correctional Center	6954
Krome Service Processing Center	4888
Sherburne County Jail	4070
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	3808
Yuba County Jail	3712
Stewart Detention Center	3068
Aurora ICE Processing Center	2678
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	2678
Otay Mesa Detention Center	2504
Winn Correctional Center	2264
Calhoun County Correctional Center	2098
Montgomery Processing Center	2060
Caroline Detention Facility	1954
Bluebonnet Detention Center	1926
Otero County Processing Center	1924
South Texas ICE Processing Center	1912
Prairieland Detention Center	1596
Bergen County Jail	1432
Essex County Correctional Facility	1304
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	1284
El Paso Service Processing Center	1246
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	1240
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	1234
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	1186
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	1176
Clinton County Correctional Facility	1166
Northwest ICE Processing Center	1070
Polk County Adult Detention Center	1010
River Correctional Center	924
Laredo Processing Center	888
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	848
Glades County Detention Center	822
Folkston ICE Processing Center	814
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	796
Adams County Correctional Center	756
Pulaski County Detention Center	746
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	742
Irwin County Detention Center	680
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	638
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	592
York County Prison	586
Butler County Jail	566
Pike County Correctional Facility	560
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	502
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	498
Dodge County Detention Facility	496
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	492
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	482
Houston Contract Detention Facility	480
Orange County Correctional Facility	480
Krome North Service Processing Center	438
Torrance County Detention Facility	420
Strafford County Department of Corrections	400
Webb County Detention Center	322
Baker County Detention Center	312
Florence Service Processing Center	310
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	262
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	252
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	234
Eden Detention Center	230
Joe Corley Processing Center	214
Johnson County Corrections Center	204
CCA Florence Correctional Center	186
Limestone County Detention Center	176
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	176
Jerome Combs Detention Center	174
Broward Transitional Center	166
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	158
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	152
Kay County Detention Center	144
Henderson Detention Center	136
Hardin County Jail	132
Wakulla County Detention Facility	128
Worcester County Jail	125
El Valle Detention Facility	124
Nye County Detention Center	112
Catahoula Correctional Center	88
Geauga County Jail	88
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	80
Montgomery County Jail	80
Hall County Department of Corrections	66
Cambria County Prison	64
Seneca County Jail	62
Howard County Detention Center	54
Rio Grande Detention Center	54
Cibola County Correctional Center	48
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	44
Cass County Jail	40
Coastal Bend Detention Center	40
Golden State Annex	40
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	40
Washoe County Detention Center	40
Richwood Correctional Center	28
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	28
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	24
Carver County Jail	22
Saint Clair County Jail	20
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	18
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	18
Teller County Jail	16
Rolling Plains Detention Center	12
Christian County Jail	8
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	8
San Luis Regional Detention Center	8
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	8
West Texas Detention Facility	8
Clay County Jail	4
Desert View Annex	2
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Boone County Jail	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Val Verde Correctional Facility	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

3.2 Facet Plot of Disciplinary by Facility

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(6, "Paired")
plot_colors[6] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels

plot_labels <- c(
    "Disciplinary Infractions",
    "Disciplinary Infractions - Guilty",
    "Disciplinary Appeals",
    "Disciplinary Appeals in Favor of Detainee",
    "Sanctions Over 60 Days",
    "Total Disciplinary")


df_discipline %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date,
             y = disciplinary_count,
             linetype = disciplinary_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = disciplinary_type), size = .65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Disciplinary Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 6)
    )+
  
  # Setting the color
  scale_color_manual(
  values = plot_colors,
  labels = plot_labels,
  name = "Disciplinary Type:"
  )+

  labs(title = "Disciplinary")+
  ylab("Number of Disciplinary Infractions")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =6))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

4 Solitary

4.1 Summary Tables

Of the present 163 inspections reviewed so far, there are more than 34,000 instances of solitary. That is roughly 208 instances of solitary per inspection.

df_solitary <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Select a subset of columns to work with
  select(id,
         facility,
         date,
         detainees_placed_in_administrative_segregation:
           detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_mental_health_reasons) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create new total column
  mutate(total_segregation = sum(c_across(detainees_placed_in_administrative_segregation:
                 detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_mental_health_reasons))) %>% 
  
  # Tidy
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols= detainees_placed_in_administrative_segregation:
                 total_segregation,
               names_to = "segregation_type",
               values_to = "segregation_count") %>% 
  
  # Remove NA
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly set factor levels
  mutate(segregation_type = factor(segregation_type, levels = c(
    "detainees_placed_in_administrative_segregation",
    "detainees_placed_in_disciplinary_segregation",
    "detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_medical_reasons",
    "detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_mental_health_reasons",
    "total_segregation"
  )))

df_solitary %>% 
  group_by(segregation_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Solitary by Type` = sum(segregation_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Solitary by Type",
        col.names = c("Solitary Type", "Total Solitary Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 4.1: Total Solitary by Type

Solitary Type	Total Solitary Type
detainees_placed_in_administrative_segregation	17236
detainees_placed_in_disciplinary_segregation	9551
detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_medical_reasons	9869
detainees_placed_in_segregation_for_mental_health_reasons	1003
total_segregation	37336

df_solitary %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_segregation = sum(segregation_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_segregation)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Solitary by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Solitary by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 4.1: Total Solitary by Facility

Facility	Total Solitary by Facility
Krome Service Processing Center	10882
Eloy Detention Center	4556
El Paso Service Processing Center	3310
Prairieland Detention Center	2788
Henderson Detention Center	2638
Krome North Service Processing Center	2510
Winn Correctional Center	2474
Caroline Detention Facility	2438
Otero County Processing Center	2332
La Palma Correctional Center	2198
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	2178
Irwin County Detention Center	2172
River Correctional Center	1898
Stewart Detention Center	1814
South Texas ICE Processing Center	1696
Adams County Correctional Center	1456
York County Prison	1418
Montgomery Processing Center	1324
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	1308
Otay Mesa Detention Center	1266
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	1248
Aurora ICE Processing Center	1138
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	1138
Northwest ICE Processing Center	1028
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	1006
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	1006
Glades County Detention Center	974
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	932
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	928
Sherburne County Jail	796
Pulaski County Detention Center	688
Catahoula Correctional Center	662
Pike County Correctional Facility	606
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	602
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	554
Baker County Detention Center	468
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	462
Bluebonnet Detention Center	452
Florence Service Processing Center	388
Bergen County Jail	372
Houston Contract Detention Facility	372
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	360
Wakulla County Detention Facility	342
Polk County Adult Detention Center	296
Calhoun County Correctional Center	274
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	256
Richwood Correctional Center	256
Yuba County Jail	224
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	220
Essex County Correctional Facility	213
Limestone County Detention Center	206
Clinton County Correctional Facility	196
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	194
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	176
El Valle Detention Facility	172
Dodge County Detention Facility	162
Geauga County Jail	150
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	142
LaSalle Correctional Center	140
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	140
Johnson County Corrections Center	136
Saint Clair County Jail	134
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	132
Folkston ICE Processing Center	126
Jerome Combs Detention Center	124
Joe Corley Processing Center	120
Nye County Detention Center	120
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	108
Seneca County Jail	102
Kay County Detention Center	92
Worcester County Jail	82
Eden Detention Center	78
Clay County Jail	76
Butler County Jail	72
Torrance County Detention Facility	58
Hardin County Jail	56
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	54
Webb County Detention Center	54
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	50
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	46
Cambria County Prison	44
Montgomery County Jail	42
Strafford County Department of Corrections	42
Washoe County Detention Center	42
Hall County Department of Corrections	40
Rio Grande Detention Center	36
CCA Florence Correctional Center	34
Cibola County Correctional Center	32
Boone County Jail	28
Golden State Annex	26
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	24
Desert View Annex	22
Laredo Processing Center	22
Cass County Jail	20
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	20
Alamance County Detention Center	16
Teller County Jail	16
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	14
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	14
Carver County Jail	10
Howard County Detention Center	10
Orange County Correctional Facility	8
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	6
Christian County Jail	4
Rolling Plains Detention Center	4
San Luis Regional Detention Center	4
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Broward Transitional Center	0
Coastal Bend Detention Center	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Val Verde Correctional Facility	0
West Texas Detention Facility	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

4.2 Facet Plots of Solitary by Facility

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(5, "Paired")
plot_colors[5] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Administrative",
    "Disciplinary",
    "Medical",
    "Mental Health",
    "Total")

df_solitary %>% 

# Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date,
             y = segregation_count,
             linetype = segregation_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = segregation_type), size = .65) +
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(
  values = plot_colors,
  name = "Solitary Type:",
  labels = plot_labels)+
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
      name = "Solitary Type:",
    labels = plot_labels)+
  
  
  labs(title = "Reported Use of Solitary")+
  ylab("Number of Individuals Palced in Solitary")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+
    facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

4.3 Solitary Over 60 Days

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(5, "Paired")
plot_colors[5] <- "#000000"

# Call the dataframe and select cols
df_324 %>% 
  select(id,
         facility,
         state,
         date,
         fac_operator,
         admin_seg_60_ice,
         disc_seg_60_ice) %>% 
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Generate total col
  mutate(total_seg_60 = sum(c_across(
       admin_seg_60_ice:
       disc_seg_60_ice
  ))) %>%
  
  # Make tidy and filter
  pivot_longer(cols = admin_seg_60_ice:disc_seg_60_ice,
               names_to = "segregation_60_type",
               values_to = "segregation_60_count") %>%
  filter(segregation_60_type %in% c("admin_seg_60_ice", "disc_seg_60_ice")&
           segregation_60_count > 0) %>%
  
  # Initiate the plot and sort by sum
  ggplot(aes(x = segregation_60_count,
             y=reorder(fac_operator, segregation_60_count, sum),
             fill=segregation_60_type))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
  
  # Set the color fill
  scale_fill_brewer(type = "qual",
                    palette = "Paired",
                    name = "Segregation > 60 Type",
                    labels = c("Administrative",
                               "Disciplinary"))+
  labs(title= "Segregation > 60 Days by Facility Operator",
        x = "Segregation > 60 Days Count",
        y = "Facility Operator")+
  theme(legend.position = "bottom")

5 Use of Force

5.1 Summary Tables

df_force <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       immediate_use_of_force_incidents:
       strip_searches
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_use_of_force = sum(c_across(
       immediate_use_of_force_incidents:
       strip_searches
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  immediate_use_of_force_incidents:total_use_of_force,
               names_to = "use_of_force_type",
               values_to = "use_of_force_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factors
  mutate(use_of_force_type = factor(use_of_force_type, levels = c(
    "immediate_use_of_force_incidents",
    "calculated_use_of_force_incidents",
    "uses_of_force_with_chemical_agents",
    "incidents_where_non_lethal_weapons_were_used",
    "number_of_times_4_5_point_restraints_were_used",
    "use_of_force_with_serious_injury",
    "strip_searches",
    "total_use_of_force"
  )))

df_force %>% 
  group_by(use_of_force_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Use of Force by Type` = sum(use_of_force_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Use of Force by Type",
        col.names = c("Use of Force Type", "Total Use of Force Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 5.1: Total Use of Force by Type

Use of Force Type	Total Use of Force Type
immediate_use_of_force_incidents	1184
calculated_use_of_force_incidents	325
uses_of_force_with_chemical_agents	362
incidents_where_non_lethal_weapons_were_used	18
number_of_times_4_5_point_restraints_were_used	97
use_of_force_with_serious_injury	2
strip_searches	20629
total_use_of_force	19170

df_force %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_use_of_force = sum(use_of_force_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_use_of_force)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Use of Force by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Use of Force by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 5.1: Total Use of Force by Facility

Facility	Total Use of Force by Facility
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	10782
La Palma Correctional Center	6022
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	4854
Worcester County Jail	3348
Essex County Correctional Facility	2620
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	2294
York County Prison	2017
Cambria County Prison	1500
Pike County Correctional Facility	1120
Hall County Department of Corrections	916
Teller County Jail	876
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	862
Eloy Detention Center	496
Bergen County Jail	294
Calhoun County Correctional Center	282
South Texas ICE Processing Center	254
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	234
Stewart Detention Center	174
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	164
Sherburne County Jail	150
Northwest ICE Processing Center	138
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	130
Glades County Detention Center	126
Folkston ICE Processing Center	122
Otay Mesa Detention Center	120
Montgomery Processing Center	116
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	112
Baker County Detention Center	92
Krome Service Processing Center	80
Aurora ICE Processing Center	66
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	66
El Paso Service Processing Center	66
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	66
River Correctional Center	66
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	60
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	56
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	54
Wakulla County Detention Facility	54
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	46
Irwin County Detention Center	42
Pulaski County Detention Center	42
Limestone County Detention Center	40
Prairieland Detention Center	40
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	38
Winn Correctional Center	36
Strafford County Department of Corrections	33
Bluebonnet Detention Center	32
Caroline Detention Facility	32
Johnson County Corrections Center	28
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	26
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	26
Boone County Jail	24
Houston Contract Detention Facility	24
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	24
Morrow County Correctional Facility	22
Catahoula Correctional Center	20
Polk County Adult Detention Center	20
Dodge County Detention Facility	18
Orange County Correctional Facility	18
Otero County Processing Center	18
Yuba County Jail	18
CCA Florence Correctional Center	16
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	16
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	16
Torrance County Detention Facility	16
Butler County Jail	14
Adams County Correctional Center	12
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	12
Eden Detention Center	12
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	12
Joe Corley Processing Center	12
Webb County Detention Center	12
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	10
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	10
Krome North Service Processing Center	10
Broward Transitional Center	8
Clinton County Correctional Facility	8
Nye County Detention Center	8
Rio Grande Detention Center	8
Clay County Jail	6
Richwood Correctional Center	6
Val Verde Correctional Facility	6
Florence Service Processing Center	4
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	4
Hardin County Jail	4
Henderson Detention Center	4
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	4
Seneca County Jail	4
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	4
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	2
El Valle Detention Facility	2
Geauga County Jail	2
Howard County Detention Center	2
Kay County Detention Center	2
Rolling Plains Detention Center	2
Cass County Jail	1
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Carver County Jail	0
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	0
Christian County Jail	0
Cibola County Correctional Center	0
Coastal Bend Detention Center	0
Desert View Annex	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Golden State Annex	0
Jerome Combs Detention Center	0
Laredo Processing Center	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	0
Montgomery County Jail	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Saint Clair County Jail	0
San Luis Regional Detention Center	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
West Texas Detention Facility	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

5.2 Facet Plot of Use of Force by Facility

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(8, "Paired")
plot_colors[8] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Immediate Use of Force Incidents",
    "Calculated Use of Force Incidents",
    "Uses of Force with Chemical Agents",
    "Incidents Where Non-Lethal Weapons Were Used",
    "Times 4/5 Point Restraints Used",
    "Use of Force With Serious Injury",
    "Strip Searches",
    "Total Disciplinary")

df_force %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = use_of_force_count, linetype=use_of_force_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = use_of_force_type), size = .65) +
  
  # setting the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Use of Force Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 8)
    )+
  
  # Setting the color
  scale_color_manual(
  values = plot_colors,
  labels = plot_labels,
  name = "Use of Force Type:",
  )+

  labs(title = "Disciplinary")+
  ylab("Number of Disciplinary Infractions")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

    # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =8))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

6 Sexual Abuse and Assault

6.1 Allegations

6.1.1 Summary Tables

df_sex_alleg <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee:
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_29
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_sexual_abuse_allegations = sum(c_across(
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee:
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_29
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee:total_sexual_abuse_allegations,
               names_to = "sexual_abuse_allegations_type",
               values_to = "sexual_abuse_allegations_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(sexual_abuse_allegations_type = factor(sexual_abuse_allegations_type, levels = c(
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_inmate_on_detainee",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_inmate",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_29",
    "total_sexual_abuse_allegations"
  )))

df_sex_alleg %>% 
  group_by(sexual_abuse_allegations_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Type` = sum(sexual_abuse_allegations_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Type",
        col.names = c("Allegation Type", "Total Allegation Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 6.1: Total Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Type

Allegation Type	Total Allegation Type
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee	495
sexual_abuse_allegations_inmate_on_detainee	32
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_inmate	15
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer	189
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_29	17
total_sexual_abuse_allegations	744

df_sex_alleg %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_sexual_abuse_allegations = sum(sexual_abuse_allegations_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_sexual_abuse_allegations)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Allegations by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 6.1: Total Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Facility

Facility	Total Allegations by Facility
Otay Mesa Detention Center	160
Eloy Detention Center	122
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	102
Krome Service Processing Center	70
El Paso Service Processing Center	66
York County Prison	58
Montgomery Processing Center	44
South Texas ICE Processing Center	44
Northwest ICE Processing Center	36
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	36
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	32
Essex County Correctional Facility	24
Irwin County Detention Center	24
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	22
Bluebonnet Detention Center	22
Dodge County Detention Facility	22
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	22
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	22
Otero County Processing Center	22
Webb County Detention Center	22
Folkston ICE Processing Center	20
Caroline Detention Facility	18
Clinton County Correctional Facility	18
Yuba County Jail	18
Aurora ICE Processing Center	16
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	16
Calhoun County Correctional Center	16
CCA Florence Correctional Center	16
Hardin County Jail	16
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	16
Glades County Detention Center	14
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	14
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	14
Stewart Detention Center	14
Bergen County Jail	12
Eden Detention Center	12
Houston Contract Detention Facility	12
La Palma Correctional Center	12
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	12
Prairieland Detention Center	12
Winn Correctional Center	12
Broward Transitional Center	8
Geauga County Jail	8
Joe Corley Processing Center	8
Limestone County Detention Center	8
Nye County Detention Center	8
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	8
Rio Grande Detention Center	8
River Correctional Center	8
Sherburne County Jail	8
Strafford County Department of Corrections	8
Baker County Detention Center	6
Florence Service Processing Center	6
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	6
Torrance County Detention Facility	6
Adams County Correctional Center	4
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	4
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	4
El Valle Detention Facility	4
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	4
Hall County Department of Corrections	4
Henderson Detention Center	4
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	4
Laredo Processing Center	4
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	4
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	4
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	4
Seneca County Jail	4
Val Verde Correctional Facility	4
Wakulla County Detention Facility	4
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	2
Cass County Jail	2
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	2
Cibola County Correctional Center	2
Clay County Jail	2
Dorchester County Detention Center	2
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	2
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	2
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	2
Kay County Detention Center	2
Krome North Service Processing Center	2
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	2
Montgomery County Jail	2
Orange County Correctional Facility	2
Pike County Correctional Facility	2
Pulaski County Detention Center	2
Richwood Correctional Center	2
Rolling Plains Detention Center	2
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	2
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	2
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	2
West Texas Detention Facility	2
Worcester County Jail	2
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	0
Boone County Jail	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Butler County Jail	0
Cambria County Prison	0
Carver County Jail	0
Catahoula Correctional Center	0
Christian County Jail	0
Coastal Bend Detention Center	0
Desert View Annex	0
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Golden State Annex	0
Howard County Detention Center	0
Jerome Combs Detention Center	0
Johnson County Corrections Center	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Polk County Adult Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Saint Clair County Jail	0
San Luis Regional Detention Center	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Teller County Jail	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

6.1.2 Facet Plot of Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Facility

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(6, "Paired")
plot_colors[6] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Detainee on Detainee",
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Inmate on Detainee",
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Detainee on Inmate",
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Staff/Contractor/Volunteer on Detainee",
    "Number of Sexual Abuse Allegations - Detainee on Staff/Contractor/Volunteer",
    "Total Sexual Abuse Allegations")

df_sex_alleg %>% 
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = sexual_abuse_allegations_count, linetype=sexual_abuse_allegations_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = sexual_abuse_allegations_type),size=.65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Sexual Abuse Allegation Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 6)
    )+
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(values = plot_colors,
                     labels = plot_labels,
                     name = "Sexual Abuse Allegation Type:")+

  labs(title = "Sexual Abuse Allegations")+
  ylab("Number of Allegations")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

    # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =8))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

6.2 Substantiated Allegations

6.2.1 Summary Tables

df_sex_alleg_sub <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee_2:
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_34
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_sexual_abuse_allegations = sum(c_across(
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee_2:
       sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_34
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee_2:total_sexual_abuse_allegations,
               names_to = "sexual_abuse_substantiated_type",
               values_to = "sexual_abuse_substantiated_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly set factor levels
  mutate(sexual_abuse_substantiated_type= factor(sexual_abuse_substantiated_type, levels =c(
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee_2",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_inmate_on_detainee_2",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_inmate_2",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_staff_contractor_volunteer_on_detainee",
    "sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_34",
    "total_sexual_abuse_allegations"
  )))

df_sex_alleg_sub %>% 
  group_by(sexual_abuse_substantiated_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations Substantiated by Type` = sum(sexual_abuse_substantiated_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Substantiated Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Type",
        col.names = c("Substantiated Allegation Type", "Total Substantiated Allegation Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 6.2: Total Substantiated Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Type

Substantiated Allegation Type	Total Substantiated Allegation Type
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_detainee_2	82
sexual_abuse_allegations_inmate_on_detainee_2	10
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_inmate_2	3
sexual_abuse_allegations_staff_contractor_volunteer_on_detainee	6
sexual_abuse_allegations_detainee_on_staff_contractor_volunteer_34	1
total_sexual_abuse_allegations	102

df_sex_alleg_sub %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_sexual_abuse_substantiated = sum(sexual_abuse_substantiated_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_sexual_abuse_substantiated)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Substantiated Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Substantiated Allegations by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 6.2: Total Substantiated Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations by Facility

Facility	Total Substantiated Allegations by Facility
Otay Mesa Detention Center	40
Eloy Detention Center	34
Krome Service Processing Center	26
York County Prison	18
Geauga County Jail	8
Folkston ICE Processing Center	6
Irwin County Detention Center	6
Webb County Detention Center	6
CCA Florence Correctional Center	4
Clay County Jail	4
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	4
Otero County Processing Center	4
Stewart Detention Center	4
Yuba County Jail	4
Baker County Detention Center	2
Bergen County Jail	2
Bluebonnet Detention Center	2
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	2
Dodge County Detention Facility	2
El Paso Service Processing Center	2
El Valle Detention Facility	2
Essex County Correctional Facility	2
Hardin County Jail	2
Joe Corley Processing Center	2
La Palma Correctional Center	2
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	2
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	2
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	2
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	2
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	2
Torrance County Detention Facility	2
Winn Correctional Center	2
Adams County Correctional Center	0
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	0
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	0
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	0
Aurora ICE Processing Center	0
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	0
Boone County Jail	0
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	0
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Broward Transitional Center	0
Butler County Jail	0
Calhoun County Correctional Center	0
Cambria County Prison	0
Caroline Detention Facility	0
Carver County Jail	0
Cass County Jail	0
Catahoula Correctional Center	0
Christian County Jail	0
Cibola County Correctional Center	0
Clinton County Correctional Facility	0
Coastal Bend Detention Center	0
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	0
Desert View Annex	0
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Eden Detention Center	0
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	0
Florence Service Processing Center	0
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	0
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	0
Glades County Detention Center	0
Golden State Annex	0
Hall County Department of Corrections	0
Henderson Detention Center	0
Houston Contract Detention Facility	0
Howard County Detention Center	0
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	0
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	0
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	0
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	0
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	0
Jerome Combs Detention Center	0
Johnson County Corrections Center	0
Kay County Detention Center	0
Krome North Service Processing Center	0
Laredo Processing Center	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Limestone County Detention Center	0
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	0
Montgomery County Jail	0
Montgomery Processing Center	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Northwest ICE Processing Center	0
Nye County Detention Center	0
Orange County Correctional Facility	0
Pike County Correctional Facility	0
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	0
Polk County Adult Detention Center	0
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	0
Prairieland Detention Center	0
Pulaski County Detention Center	0
Richwood Correctional Center	0
Rio Grande Detention Center	0
River Correctional Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Rolling Plains Detention Center	0
Saint Clair County Jail	0
San Luis Regional Detention Center	0
Seneca County Jail	0
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	0
Sherburne County Jail	0
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	0
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	0
South Texas ICE Processing Center	0
Strafford County Department of Corrections	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Teller County Jail	0
Val Verde Correctional Facility	0
Wakulla County Detention Facility	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
West Texas Detention Facility	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

6.2.2 Facet Plot of Substantiated Sexual Abuse and Assault Allegations

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(6, "Paired")
plot_colors[6] <- "#000000"

# Create the labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Detainee on Detainee",
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Inmate on Detainee",
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Detainee on Inmate",
    "Sexual Abuse Allegations - Staff/Contractor/Volunteer on Detainee",
    "Number of Sexual Abuse Allegations - Detainee on Staff/Contractor/Volunteer",
    "Total Sexual Abuse Allegations")

df_sex_alleg_sub %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = sexual_abuse_substantiated_count, linetype=sexual_abuse_substantiated_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = sexual_abuse_substantiated_type),size=.65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Sexual Abuse Allegation Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 6)
    )+
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(values = plot_colors,
                     labels = plot_labels,
                     name = "Sexual Abuse Allegation Type:")+

  labs(title = "Sexual Abuse Allegations Substantiated")+
  ylab("Number of Allegations")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =8))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

7 Medical

7.1 Medical Observation

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(3, "Paired")
plot_colors[3] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Detainees in Medical Observation",
    "Detainees in Mental Health Observation",
    "Total Individuals in Medical or Mental Health Observation")

df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       detainees_in_medical_observation:
       detainees_in_mental_health_observation
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_mental_medical_observation = sum(c_across(
       detainees_in_medical_observation:
       detainees_in_mental_health_observation
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  detainees_in_medical_observation:total_mental_medical_observation,
               names_to = "medical_mental_observation_type",
               values_to = "medical_mental_observation_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly set factor levels
  mutate(medical_mental_observation_type = factor(medical_mental_observation_type, levels = c(
    "detainees_in_medical_observation",
    "detainees_in_mental_health_observation",
    "total_mental_medical_observation"
  ))) %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = medical_mental_observation_count, linetype=medical_mental_observation_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = medical_mental_observation_type),size=.65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Observation Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 3)
    )+
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(values = plot_colors,
                     labels = plot_labels,
                     name = "Observation Type:",)+

  labs(title = "Medical and Mental Health Observation")+
  ylab("Number of Individuals in Observation")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =3))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

7.2 Infections Disease

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(2, "Paired")

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Infectious Disease Reported",
    "Infectious Disease Confirmed")

df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       infectious_disease_reported:
       infections_disease_confirmed
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # # Create a new total column
  # # In this case not used
  # mutate(total_infections_disease_report_confirmed = sum(c_across(
  #      infectious_disease_reported:
  #      infections_disease_confirmed
  # ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  infectious_disease_reported:infections_disease_confirmed,
               names_to = "infectious_disease_type",
               values_to = "infectious_disease_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(infectious_disease_type = factor(infectious_disease_type, levels = c(
    "infectious_disease_reported",
    "infections_disease_confirmed"
  ))) %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = infectious_disease_count, linetype=infectious_disease_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = infectious_disease_type),size=.65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Category:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 2)
    )+
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(values = plot_colors,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Category:")+

  labs(title = "Infectious Diseases Reported and Confirmed")+
  ylab("Count")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =3))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

7.3 Medical and Mental Health Referrals

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(5, "Paired")
plot_colors[5] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Outside Medical Referrals",
    "Detainees Transported to Off-Site Hospitals for Emergency Reasons",
    "Admissions to Off-Site Hospitals for Medical Reasons",
    "Admissions to Off-Site Hospitals for Mental Health Reasons",
    "Total Referrals")


df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       outside_medical_referrals:
       admissions_to_off_site_hospitals_for_mental_health_reasons
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_referrals = sum(c_across(
       outside_medical_referrals:
       admissions_to_off_site_hospitals_for_mental_health_reasons
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  outside_medical_referrals:total_referrals,
               names_to = "referral_type",
               values_to = "referral_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(referral_type= factor(referral_type, levels = c(
    "outside_medical_referrals",
    "detainees_transported_to_off_site_hospitals_for_emergency_care",
    "admissions_to_off_site_hospitals_for_medical_reasons",
    "admissions_to_off_site_hospitals_for_mental_health_reasons",
    "total_referrals"
  ))) %>% 
  
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = referral_count, linetype=referral_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = referral_type),size=.65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Referral Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 5)
    )+
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(values = plot_colors,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Referral Type:")+

  labs(title = "Medical and Mental Health Referrals")+
  ylab("Number of Referrals")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =5))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

7.4 Sick Call Requests and Encounters

df_sick_call <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Select a subset of columns to work with
  select(id,
         facility,
         date,
         sick_call_requests,
         sick_call_encounters) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create new total column
  mutate(total_sick_call = sick_call_requests,
         sick_call_encounters) %>% 
  
  # Tidy
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols= sick_call_requests:
         sick_call_encounters,
               names_to = "sick_call_type",
               values_to = "sick_call_count") %>% 
  
  # Remove NA
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly set factor levels
  mutate(sick_call_type = factor(sick_call_type, levels = c(
    "sick_call_requests",
    "sick_call_encounters",
    "total_sick_call"
  )))

df_sick_call %>% 
  group_by(sick_call_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Sick Call by Type` = sum(sick_call_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Sick Call by Type",
        col.names = c("Type", "Total")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 7.1: Total Sick Call by Type

Type	Total
sick_call_requests	648941
sick_call_encounters	639104

df_sick_call %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_sick_call = sum(sick_call_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_sick_call)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Sick Call Requests/Encounters by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 7.1: Total Sick Call Requests/Encounters by Facility

Facility	Total
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	66777
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	66777
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	59808
South Texas ICE Processing Center	48814
Rio Grande Detention Center	48309
Montgomery Processing Center	44111
Otay Mesa Detention Center	42973
Eloy Detention Center	39798
Prairieland Detention Center	36952
Otero County Processing Center	30388
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	30196
Broward Transitional Center	30028
River Correctional Center	29224
Polk County Adult Detention Center	29048
El Paso Service Processing Center	28326
Henderson Detention Center	27056
Stewart Detention Center	26994
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	26363
Houston Contract Detention Facility	23860
Irwin County Detention Center	23626
Aurora ICE Processing Center	23178
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	23178
Krome Service Processing Center	23057
Essex County Correctional Facility	21902
Webb County Detention Center	21685
El Valle Detention Facility	19821
Winn Correctional Center	19786
Joe Corley Processing Center	16756
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	16400
La Palma Correctional Center	16032
Adams County Correctional Center	16025
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	15811
Calhoun County Correctional Center	15122
York County Prison	14910
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	14429
Florence Service Processing Center	14358
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	12884
Orange County Correctional Facility	12745
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	11870
Catahoula Correctional Center	11612
Laredo Processing Center	11282
Sherburne County Jail	11064
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	10336
Folkston ICE Processing Center	9572
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	9245
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	9024
Torrance County Detention Facility	7766
Caroline Detention Facility	7762
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	7608
Bluebonnet Detention Center	6309
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	5965
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	5771
Baker County Detention Center	4575
Pulaski County Detention Center	4533
Richwood Correctional Center	4210
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	3778
Johnson County Corrections Center	3628
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	3524
Pike County Correctional Facility	3480
Yuba County Jail	3432
Geauga County Jail	3299
Wakulla County Detention Facility	3161
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	3052
CCA Florence Correctional Center	2830
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	2682
Clinton County Correctional Facility	2416
Clay County Jail	2351
Limestone County Detention Center	2334
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	2266
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	2174
Bergen County Jail	2162
Kay County Detention Center	2026
Krome North Service Processing Center	1955
Carver County Jail	1940
Hardin County Jail	1688
Northwest ICE Processing Center	1616
Golden State Annex	1181
Butler County Jail	1174
Jerome Combs Detention Center	1086
Worcester County Jail	1060
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	959
Nye County Detention Center	913
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	876
Boone County Jail	828
Cambria County Prison	742
Dodge County Detention Facility	709
Montgomery County Jail	658
Val Verde Correctional Facility	649
LaSalle Correctional Center	546
Howard County Detention Center	526
Strafford County Department of Corrections	507
Rolling Plains Detention Center	456
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	414
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	385
Alamance County Detention Center	360
West Texas Detention Facility	334
Saint Clair County Jail	320
Coastal Bend Detention Center	296
Cibola County Correctional Center	259
Teller County Jail	220
Morrow County Correctional Facility	184
Platte County Detention Center	156
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	132
Seneca County Jail	105
Desert View Annex	65
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	62
Christian County Jail	24
Brooks County Detention Center	21
San Luis Regional Detention Center	19
Washoe County Detention Center	14
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Eden Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(3, "Paired")
plot_colors[3] <- "#000000"

# Create labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Sick Call Requests",
    "Sick Call Encounters",
    "Total Sick Calls")

df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       sick_call_requests:
       sick_call_encounters
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_sick_calls = sum(c_across(
       sick_call_requests:
       sick_call_encounters
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  sick_call_requests:total_sick_calls,
               names_to = "sick_call_type",
               values_to = "sick_call_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(sick_call_type = factor(sick_call_type, levels = c(
    "sick_call_requests",
    "sick_call_encounters",
    "total_sick_calls"
  ))) %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = sick_call_count, linetype=sick_call_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = sick_call_type),size=.65) +
  
  # Set the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Sick Call Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 3)
    )+
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(values = plot_colors,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Sick Call Type:")+

  labs(title = "Sick Calls")+
  ylab("Number of Sick Calls")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =3))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

7.5 Suicide Attempts and Watches

The following shows Suicide Attempts and Suicide Watches based on the status of the data as of 2021-07-05. The numbers are subject to change.

df_suicide <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Select a subset of columns to work with
  select(id,
         facility,
         date,
         suicide_attempts_or_self_harm,
         suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create new total column
  mutate(total_suicide = suicide_attempts_or_self_harm +
         suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation) %>% 
  
  # Tidy
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols= suicide_attempts_or_self_harm:
               total_suicide,
               names_to = "suicide_type",
               values_to = "suicide_count") %>% 
  
  # Remove NA
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly set factor levels
  mutate(segregation_type = factor(suicide_type, levels = c(
    "suicide_attempts_or_self_harm",
    "suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation",
    "total_suicide"
  )))

df_suicide %>% 
  group_by(suicide_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Suicide Attempt or Watch by Type` = sum(suicide_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Suicide Attempt or Watch by Type",
        col.names = c("Type", "Total")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 7.2: Total Suicide Attempt or Watch by Type

Type	Total
suicide_attempts_or_self_harm	244
suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation	5122
total_suicide	5364

df_suicide %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_suicide = sum(suicide_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_suicide)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Suicide Attempt or Watch by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 7.2: Total Suicide Attempt or Watch by Facility

Facility	Total
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	878
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	878
Henderson Detention Center	750
Aurora ICE Processing Center	606
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	606
Bergen County Jail	468
La Palma Correctional Center	402
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	390
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	358
Otay Mesa Detention Center	282
Stewart Detention Center	272
Eloy Detention Center	246
York County Prison	214
Otero County Processing Center	192
Montgomery Processing Center	182
Irwin County Detention Center	178
Prairieland Detention Center	158
South Texas ICE Processing Center	158
Essex County Correctional Facility	156
Caroline Detention Facility	144
Pike County Correctional Facility	144
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	134
Folkston ICE Processing Center	122
River Correctional Center	122
Polk County Adult Detention Center	114
Nye County Detention Center	106
Florence Service Processing Center	104
Glades County Detention Center	102
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	102
Winn Correctional Center	92
El Valle Detention Facility	86
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	86
El Paso Service Processing Center	84
Krome Service Processing Center	74
Sherburne County Jail	74
Houston Contract Detention Facility	68
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	68
Broward Transitional Center	64
Joe Corley Processing Center	64
Adams County Correctional Center	62
Northwest ICE Processing Center	58
Baker County Detention Center	56
Limestone County Detention Center	56
Carver County Jail	54
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	54
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	52
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	50
Pulaski County Detention Center	50
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	48
Webb County Detention Center	48
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	46
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	42
Rio Grande Detention Center	40
Calhoun County Correctional Center	38
CCA Florence Correctional Center	36
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	32
Strafford County Department of Corrections	32
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	30
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	30
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	24
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	24
Yuba County Jail	24
Butler County Jail	22
Orange County Correctional Facility	22
Torrance County Detention Facility	22
Worcester County Jail	22
Johnson County Corrections Center	20
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	20
Bluebonnet Detention Center	18
Boone County Jail	18
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	16
Catahoula Correctional Center	16
Clinton County Correctional Facility	16
Kay County Detention Center	14
Alamance County Detention Center	12
Val Verde Correctional Facility	12
Wakulla County Detention Facility	12
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	10
Dodge County Detention Facility	10
Howard County Detention Center	10
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	10
Seneca County Jail	10
Clay County Jail	8
Geauga County Jail	8
Krome North Service Processing Center	8
Laredo Processing Center	8
Richwood Correctional Center	8
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	8
San Luis Regional Detention Center	8
Coastal Bend Detention Center	6
Golden State Annex	6
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	6
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	4
Hardin County Jail	4
LaSalle Correctional Center	4
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	4
Cambria County Prison	2
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	2
Desert View Annex	2
Hall County Department of Corrections	2
Jerome Combs Detention Center	2
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	2
West Texas Detention Facility	2
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Cass County Jail	0
Christian County Jail	0
Cibola County Correctional Center	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Eden Detention Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	0
Montgomery County Jail	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Rolling Plains Detention Center	0
Saint Clair County Jail	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Teller County Jail	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(2, "Paired")

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
      "Suicide Attempts or Self Harm",
      "Suicide Watches/Constant Watch/Mental Health Observation")

df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       suicide_attempts_or_self_harm,
       suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation
       ) %>% 
  drop_na() %>% 
 
  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  c(suicide_attempts_or_self_harm,
       suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation),
               names_to = "suicide_type",
               values_to = "suicide_count") %>% 
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(suicide_type = factor(suicide_type, levels = c(
    "suicide_attempts_or_self_harm",
    "suicide_watches_constant_watch_mental_health_observation"
  ))) %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = suicide_count))+
  geom_line(aes(color=suicide_type), size = .65) +
  
  # Set the color
  scale_color_manual(
    values = plot_colors,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Type:"
    )+
  
  labs(title = "Suicide Attempts and Watches")+
  ylab("Number of Attempts or Watches")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 5),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+
  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =5))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol = 3)

7.6 Hunger Strikes

df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date, hunger_strikes) %>% 

  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_hunger_strike = sum(hunger_strikes)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_hunger_strike)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Hunger Strikes by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Hunger Strikes")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 7.3: Total Hunger Strikes by Facility

Facility	Total Hunger Strikes
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	136
Krome Service Processing Center	71
La Palma Correctional Center	62
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	53
Otero County Processing Center	51
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	49
Otay Mesa Detention Center	48
El Paso Service Processing Center	46
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	35
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	28
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	28
Montgomery Processing Center	18
Prairieland Detention Center	17
Bergen County Jail	15
Irwin County Detention Center	14
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	14
Johnson County Corrections Center	13
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	11
South Texas ICE Processing Center	11
Florence Service Processing Center	8
Teller County Jail	8
Butler County Jail	7
Houston Contract Detention Facility	7
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	6
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	5
Folkston ICE Processing Center	5
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	5
Sherburne County Jail	5
Torrance County Detention Facility	5
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	4
Joe Corley Processing Center	4
Henderson Detention Center	3
York County Prison	3
Calhoun County Correctional Center	2
Caroline Detention Facility	2
Golden State Annex	2
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	2
Nye County Detention Center	2
Polk County Adult Detention Center	2
Wakulla County Detention Facility	2
Broward Transitional Center	1
Cambria County Prison	1
Catahoula Correctional Center	1
CCA Florence Correctional Center	1
Clinton County Correctional Facility	1
Desert View Annex	1
El Valle Detention Facility	1
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	1
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	1
Pulaski County Detention Center	1
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Boone County Jail	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Carver County Jail	0
Cass County Jail	0
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	0
Christian County Jail	0
Clay County Jail	0
Coastal Bend Detention Center	0
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Eden Detention Center	0
Essex County Correctional Facility	0
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	0
Glades County Detention Center	0
Hall County Department of Corrections	0
Hardin County Jail	0
Laredo Processing Center	0
Limestone County Detention Center	0
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	0
Montgomery County Jail	0
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Rio Grande Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Rolling Plains Detention Center	0
Saint Clair County Jail	0
Seneca County Jail	0
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	0
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	0
Strafford County Department of Corrections	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Val Verde Correctional Facility	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
Webb County Detention Center	0
West Texas Detention Facility	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0
Worcester County Jail	0
Adams County Correctional Center	NA
Alamance County Jail	NA
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	NA
Aurora ICE Processing Center	NA
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	NA
Baker County Detention Center	NA
Bluebonnet Detention Center	NA
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	NA
Chase County Detention Center	NA
Cibola County Correctional Center	NA
Dodge County Detention Facility	NA
Dorchester County Detention Center	NA
Eloy Detention Center	NA
Etowah County Jail	NA
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	NA
Geauga County Jail	NA
Howard County Detention Center	NA
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	NA
Jerome Combs Detention Center	NA
Kay County Detention Center	NA
Krome North Service Processing Center	NA
LaSalle Correctional Center	NA
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	NA
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	NA
Northwest ICE Processing Center	NA
Orange County Correctional Facility	NA
Pike County Correctional Facility	NA
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	NA
Richwood Correctional Center	NA
River Correctional Center	NA
San Luis Regional Detention Center	NA
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	NA
Stewart Detention Center	NA
Winn Correctional Center	NA
Yuba County Jail	NA
NA	NA

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(2, "Paired")

df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       hunger_strikes
       ) %>% 
  drop_na() %>% 
 

  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = hunger_strikes))+
  geom_line(size = .65) +
  
  # scale_color_manual(
  #   values = plot_colors,
  #   labels = c(
  #     "Suicide Attempts or Self Harm",
  #     "Suicide Watches/Constant Watch/Mental Health Observation"
  #     ),
  #   name = "Type:"
  #   )+
  # 
  labs(title = "Hunger Strikes")+
  ylab("Number of Hunger Strikes")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 5),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+
  
  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =5))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol = 3)

8 Cause of Death

8.1 Suicide as Cause of Death

Bar plot of ICE and non-ICE deaths by suicide plotted by facility as of 2021-07-05.

df_324 %>% 
  select(id,
         facility,
         state,
         date,
         fac_operator,
         cod_suicide_ice,
         cod_suicide_not_ice) %>% 
  drop_na() %>% 
  filter(cod_suicide_ice>0|cod_suicide_not_ice >0) %>% 
  mutate(cod_suicide_total = cod_suicide_ice + cod_suicide_not_ice) %>% 
  
  # Here one could call datatable() or kable()
  # to get a list of the facilities and count
  
  # Initiate the plot
  ggplot(aes(x=cod_suicide_total, y=facility))+
  geom_boxplot()+
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2))+
  labs(title = "Cause of Death Suicide",
       subtitle = "Includes ICE and non-ICE Deaths by Suicide")+
  xlab("COD Suicide Total")+
  ylab("Facility")

9 Observations

Observations made on the data as they accumulate are logged below.

9.1 28 May 2021

1. Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East and West have identical data for 2020, but the numbers are different for 2019 with East being much lower than west. Craig checked the inspections and the numbers are different for East and West in 2019 while they are in fact the same for 2020. Note that 2020 is a remote inspection. However, it is significant that the two are comparable in one instance and not comparable in another case.

2. Almance County Jail and Chase County Detention Center both seem to register blank for solitary. Craig suspects this is because there were not cases of solitary reported.

9.2 27 May 2021

One of the important early observations has to do with the naming of facilities. ICE is often inconsistent with facility naming and the names do often change over time. Both the changing of names and inconsistent naming conventions can cause confusion as well as error when tabulating results.

1. The graphs for “Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East” and “Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West” are identical. This is consistent with information Craig recalls seeing in one of the inspections, that the numbers for the facilities are “merged” or combined.

   • For facet graphing consider filtering. For analysis purposes may need to treat the two facilities as “merged”

2. “Adelanto ICE Processing Center West” should be combined with “Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West.” It appears that ICE is not consistently naming the facilities, in one case the name lacks a dash character which causes them to be graphed separately.

   • The dash was added to Adelanto West.

3. It would be good to check if there really two facilities in Almance County. There are entries listed for “Almance County Detention Center” and “Almance County Jail.”

   • Need to verify that these are in fact distinct facilities.

4. “Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex” and “Aurora II Annex” should probably be combined. Need to check the inspections to verify.

   • “Aurora II Annex (CO) - Jan. 29, 2021" was changed to”Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex (CO) - Jan. 29, 2021"

10 References

Bryan, Jennifer. 2021. Googlesheets4: Access Google Sheets Using the Sheets API V4. https://github.com/tidyverse/googlesheets4.

MA AG. 2020. “Investigation into the Events of May 1, 2020 at the c. Carlos Carreiro Immigration Detention Center, Unit b, Bristol County Sheriff’s Office.” Boston, MA. https://www.mass.gov/doc/ago-report-into-bcso-response-to-may-1-disturbance/download.

Spinu, Vitalie, Garrett Grolemund, and Hadley Wickham. 2021. Lubridate: Make Dealing with Dates a Little Easier. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lubridate.

Swetlitz, Ike. 2020. “’Suddenly They Started Gassing Us’: Cuban Migrants Tell of Shocking Attack at ICE Prison.” https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/02/cuban-migrants-detention-ice-facility-new-mexico.

Tukey, John Wilder. 1977. Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley Series in Behavioral Science. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.

Wickham, Hadley, Winston Chang, Lionel Henry, Thomas Lin Pedersen, Kohske Takahashi, Claus Wilke, Kara Woo, Hiroaki Yutani, and Dewey Dunnington. 2021. Ggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggplot2.

Wickham, Hadley, and Jim Hester. 2020. Readr: Read Rectangular Text Data. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readr.