Presentación

Covey, K., Soper, F., Pangala, S., Bernardino, A., Pagliaro, Z., Basso, L., … & Elmore, A. (2021). Carbon and Beyond: The Biogeochemistry of Climate in a Rapidly Changing Amazon. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 11.

Amazon Basin

To date, climate research in the Basin has overwhelmingly focused on:

The cycling and storage of carbon (C)

and its implications for global climate.

Deforestation Land-use Global change

Nevertheless,

It is necessary to consider other significant parameters:

Other significant biophysical climate feedbacks:

\(CH_{4}\) \(N_{2}O\) Black carbon \(BVOC_{s}\) Aerosols Evapotranspiration Albedo

And their dynamic responses:

  • Local

  • Global

This article synthesizes current knowledge on:

  1. Sources and fluxes of all major forcing agents.

  2. The demonstrated or expected impact of global and local changes on each agent.

  3. The nature, extent, and drivers of anthropogenic change in the Basin.

Main

Human impacts across the basin are equally diverse and heterogeneous, reflecting the numerous distinct ecological, political, socioeconomic, and cultural units that fall within its boundaries

Social and economic drivers of land use in the Amazon

Figure 1

Index Description Reference
A Forest loss 2001-2009 Hansen et al (2013)
B Fires 2001-2009 RAISG (2020)
C Agriculture and cattle areas MAPBIOMAS Version 2.0 (2020)
D Hydropower and reservoirs RAIGS (2020)
E Oil extraction and mining areas RAIGS (2020)
F Fishing and hunting areas RAIGS (2020)

Net Climate Forcing at the Basin Scale

Summary of annual fluxes for primary climate-forcing agents in the Amazon Basin

Figure 2

Comparison of the published emissions ranges

Table 1

Expected direction of response to disturbance for climate forcing agents with associated confidence

Table 2a

Individual Climate Forcers and Processes

Carbon Dioxide

TO BE CONTINUE …

Nature, Extent, and Underlying Drivers of Anthropogenic Change Agents

  • Local
  • Global

Local

Deforestation and Land-Use Change
Fire
Agriculture
Reservoir Construction
Mining and Oil Extraction
Hunting and Overfishing

Local-scale: (A) pre-disturbance

Figure 3-A

Local-scale: (B) post-disturbance fluxes

Figure 3-B

Global

Warming, Drought, and Hydrological Change
Severe Storms

Integrating the Biogeochemistry of Climate in the Amazon Basin