MA223: Elementary Probability and Statistics

Project 1: Graphics in R (Due: —- at 11 p.m. on Canvas)

The Bone Mineral Density Dataset

Relative spinal bone mineral density measurements on 261 North American adolescents. Each value is the difference in spnbmd taken on two consecutive visits, divided by the average. The age is the average age over the two visits.

Variables:

• idnum: identifies the child, and hence the repeat measurements
• ethnic: ethnicity
• age: average age of child when measurements were taken
• gender: male or female
• spnbmd: Relative Spinal bone mineral density measurement

Acknowledgment of the original data Source:

Bachrach LK, Hastie T, Wang M-C, Narasimhan B, Marcus R. Bone Mineral Acquisition in Healthy Asian, Hispanic, Black and Caucasian Youth. A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1999) 84, 4702-12.

Instructions:

From the Bone Mineral Density data set named “spnbmd.csv” (see Moodle for the data set), use ggplot2() package in the tidyverse() packages to complete the following questions. Once you are done, copy your graphs (5 graphs in total) and paste them in word document then upload only the word document on Moodle.

1. Construct a scatter diagram showing Relative Spinal bone mineral density measurement on the vertical axis and age on the horizontal axis. Give your scatter diagram a suitable title, x-label and y-label. Color your points red. Briefly describe the scatter diagram.
2. Construct a frequency histogram for Relative Spinal bone mineral density measurement using a bandwith of 0.12. Give your Histogram a suitable title, x-label and y-label. Color your bars purple. Briefly describe the histogram.
3. Construct a boxplot showing Relative Spinal bone mineral density measurement on the vertical axis and ethnicity on the horizontal axis. Give your boxplot a suitable title, x-label and y-label.
4. Construct a boxplot showing Relative Spinal bone mineral density measurement on the vertical axis and sex on the horizontal axis. Give your boxplot a suitable title, x-label and y-label. Color inside the box of the boxplot red.
5. Construct a bar chart for ethnicity. Give your bar chart a suitable title, x-label and y-label.