Cogvid analysis
Ismael Calandri
24/5/2021
Table 1. Demographics
| Characteristic | Healthy control, N = 451 | Covid, N = 451 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 57 (46, 64) | 50 (43, 63) | 0.4 |
| sex | 0.7 | ||
| Male | 25 (56%) | 23 (51%) | |
| Female | 20 (44%) | 22 (49%) | |
| Education (y) | 17.00 (15.00, 18.00) | 17.00 (15.00, 18.00) | >0.9 |
| CAIDE dementia score | 6.00 (3.00, 7.00) | 5.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 0.3 |
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1
Median (IQR); n (%)
2
Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson's Chi-squared test
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Table 2. Covid cases features
| Characteristic | N = 451 |
|---|---|
| Covid infection | |
| Covid severity (WHO clinical progression scale) | |
| Asymptomatic | 1 (2.9%) |
| Mild | 20 (57%) |
| Moderate | 12 (34%) |
| Severe | 2 (5.7%) |
| Time of evaluation since diagnosis | 120 (88, 202) |
| Risk factors | |
| Hypertension | 7 (16%) |
| Obesity | 5 (11%) |
| Diabetes | 1 (2.2%) |
| Smoke | 1 (2.2%) |
| Cardiac disease | 0 (0%) |
| COPD | 0 (0%) |
| BMI | 23.8 (22.7, 29.3) |
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1
n (%); Median (IQR)
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Table 2a. Covid cases functionality after covid (WHODAS 2.0)
Estas son las preguntas de la OMS convertidas a los scores que postulan, hay que sacar la columna de asintomaticos y severos (que no tenemos), me parece importante mostrar que el mayor compromiso funcional de estos pacientes se encuentra en la cognicion
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 351 | Asymptomatic, N = 11 | Mild, N = 201 | Moderate, N = 121 | Severe, N = 21 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognition | 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 2.00 (0.75, 2.00) | 4.00 (2.50, 5.00) | 4.00 (3.50, 4.50) | 0.050 |
| Life activities | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 3.00 (0.75, 4.50) | 1.00 (0.50, 1.50) | 0.2 |
| Mobility | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 1.50 (1.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (2.50, 3.50) | 0.083 |
| Self-care | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.25) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.3 |
| Getting along | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.25) | 1.50 (0.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (0.50, 1.50) | 0.4 |
| Participation | 2.00 (2.00, 3.50) | 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 3.50 (2.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (3.00, 3.00) | 0.2 |
| WHODAS total | 7 (4, 12) | 4 (4, 4) | 6 (2, 11) | 12 (6, 25) | 11 (10, 12) | 0.081 |
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1
Median (IQR)
2
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
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Table 3 Cognition cases and controls
| Characteristic | Healthy control, N = 451 | Covid, N = 451 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Screening | |||
| MoCA total | 27.22 (1.99) | 26.49 (2.90) | 0.4 |
| MMSE/MoCA crosswalk | 27.22 (1.99) | 26.04 (3.33) | 0.15 |
| CDT | 9.78 (0.59) | 9.13 (1.35) | 0.007 |
| Memory | |||
| RAVLT Total | 50 (9) | 43 (13) | 0.018 |
| RAVLT delayed recall | 10.2 (2.9) | 8.2 (3.5) | 0.007 |
| Benson figure delayed recall | 12.27 (2.65) | 10.50 (3.25) | 0.009 |
| Language | |||
| MINT/BNT crosswalk | 30.31 (1.55) | 29.47 (2.12) | 0.058 |
| Semantic fluency | 22.6 (4.5) | 18.9 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Phonological fluency (p) | 17.9 (4.3) | 14.1 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Attention | |||
| Digit span (direct) | 6.89 (0.93) | 5.89 (1.30) | <0.001 |
| Digit span (indirect) | 5.09 (0.95) | 4.04 (1.19) | <0.001 |
| Trial making test A | 29 (7) | 47 (25) | <0.001 |
| WAIS IV claves | 13.5 (2.9) | 11.8 (3.7) | 0.010 |
| Ejecutive System | |||
| Trial making test B | 62 (22) | 107 (76) | <0.001 |
| WCST cat | 6.00 (0.00) | 5.59 (1.04) | 0.014 |
| WCST pers | 0.89 (1.29) | 2.94 (4.63) | 0.010 |
| Visuospatial | |||
| Benson figure copy | 16.24 (0.98) | 16.26 (3.10) | 0.2 |
| Neuropsych | |||
| HADS anxiety | 8.8 (3.4) | 8.5 (3.4) | 0.8 |
| HADS depresion | 6.1 (3.7) | 5.9 (3.5) | 0.7 |
|
1
Mean (SD)
2
Wilcoxon rank sum test
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Multiple comparison corrections
| Test | Raw.p | adjusted_BH | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Benson_figure_delayed_recall | 0.001 | 0.0030000 |
| 6 | Semantic_fluency | 0.001 | 0.0030000 |
| 8 | Digit_span_direct | 0.001 | 0.0030000 |
| 9 | Digit_span_indirect | 0.001 | 0.0030000 |
| 10 | Trial_making_test_A | 0.001 | 0.0030000 |
| 12 | Trialmaking_test_B | 0.001 | 0.0030000 |
| 7 | Phonological_fluency | 0.002 | 0.0051429 |
| 2 | RAVLT_Total | 0.003 | 0.0067500 |
| 16 | CDT | 0.004 | 0.0080000 |
| 11 | WAIS_IV_claves | 0.012 | 0.0216000 |
| 3 | RAVLT_delayed_recall | 0.014 | 0.0229091 |
| 13 | WCST_cat | 0.023 | 0.0345000 |
| 14 | WCST_pers | 0.032 | 0.0443077 |
| 1 | MMSE/MoCA_crosswalk | 0.050 | 0.0642857 |
| 5 | MINT/BNT_crosswalk | 0.061 | 0.0732000 |
| 15 | Benson_figure_copy | 0.200 | 0.2250000 |
| 18 | HADS_depresion | 0.700 | 0.7411765 |
| 17 | HADS_anxiety | 0.800 | 0.8000000 |
Comparacion de composites
Table 4.a Cognition cases and controls (by composites)
| Characteristic | Healthy control, N = 291 | Covid, N = 291 | p-value2 | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory (composite) | 0.20 (-0.19, 0.60) | -0.19 (-0.76, 0.06) | 0.016 | 0.7346320 |
| Attention (composite) | -0.12 (-0.57, 0.28) | -1.16 (-1.66, -0.60) | <0.001 | 1.2728217 |
| Executive (composite) | 0.10 (-0.02, 0.31) | -0.62 (-1.52, -0.21) | <0.001 | 1.4837583 |
| Language (composite) | 0.05 (-0.22, 0.42) | -0.49 (-0.76, 0.04) | 0.002 | 0.8771819 |
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1
Median (IQR)
2
Wilcoxon rank sum test
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#Individual performance by Covid severity
# Frequency of cognitive compromise ## at -1.5 Zscore level
Composite behaviour in two dimensinal data
Cognition vs severity
Figure 1. Cognition vs severity
Table Cognition vs severity
| Characteristic | Asymptomatic, N = 11 | Mild, N = 181 | Moderate, N = 71 | Severe, N = 21 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory (composite) | -0.35 (-0.35, -0.35) | -0.18 (-0.73, 0.01) | -0.73 (-1.06, -0.20) | 0.35 (0.20, 0.49) | 0.3 |
| Attention (composite) | -0.84 (-0.84, -0.84) | -1.19 (-1.63, -0.61) | -1.31 (-1.76, -0.88) | -1.15 (-1.60, -0.70) | >0.9 |
| Executive (composite) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | -0.80 (-1.51, -0.42) | -1.23 (-1.92, -0.58) | -0.21 (-0.21, -0.21) | 0.2 |
| Language (composite) | -1.15 (-1.15, -1.15) | -0.44 (-0.66, 0.14) | -0.49 (-0.81, -0.24) | -0.30 (-0.32, -0.28) | 0.5 |
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1
Median (IQR)
2
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
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Figure 2. Cognitive complaint by domain and severity
Differences in the frequency of compromise by severity
Perfecentage of preserved
| Characteristic | Asymptomatic, N = 11 | Mild, N = 181 | Moderate, N = 71 | Severe, N = 21 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory | 1 (100%) | 17 (94%) | 6 (86%) | 2 (100%) | 0.6 |
| Attention | 1 (100%) | 12 (67%) | 4 (57%) | 1 (50%) | 0.9 |
| Executive | 1 (100%) | 13 (72%) | 4 (57%) | 2 (100%) | 0.8 |
| Language | 1 (100%) | 16 (89%) | 7 (100%) | 2 (100%) | >0.9 |
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1
n (%)
2
Fisher's exact test
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predictors of cognitive impairment
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## Warning: glm.fit: fitted probabilities numerically 0 or 1 occurred| Characteristic | OR1 | 95% CI1 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAIDE dementia score | 0.57 | 0.17, 1.54 | 0.3 |
| Age (y) | 1.10 | 0.88, 1.40 | 0.4 |
| sex | |||
| Male | — | — | |
| Female | 4.73 | 0.26, 150 | 0.3 |
| Education (y) | 0.98 | 0.36, 2.54 | >0.9 |
| Obesity | 10.5 | 0.05, 4,798 | 0.4 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Hypertension | 0.00 | >0.9 | |
| Smoke | |||
| HADS depresion | 1.26 | 0.94, 1.89 | 0.2 |
| actividad_fisica | 0.56 | 0.03, 8.09 | 0.7 |
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1
OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval
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