Pacotes necessários

Precisaremos dos seguintes pacotes antes das análises. Se não os tiver instalado, use o seguinte código antes. Note que é necessário que a internet esteja ligada.

install.packages("tidyverse")
install.packages("betapart")
install.packages("wesanderson")
install.packages("reshape2")

Depois de instalado, carregue os pacotes no seu computador.

library(tidyverse)
library(betapart)
library(wesanderson)
library(reshape2)

Carregar os dados

Carregue os seus dados de comunidades (locais nas linhas e espécies nas colunas) usando o comando read.csv (se estiver em usando windows provavelmente precisará trocar o read.csv por read.csv2). Aqui vamos usar os dados de exemplo do pacote betapart, para que todos possam acompanhar.

# Carregar os dados do pacote.
data(ceram.s)

Veja como se a tabela está correta.

ceram.s
Acant.aedil Acant.carin Acant.grise Acant.hensc Acant.hispa Acant.retic Acant.xanth Acmae.angus Acmae.margi Acmae.septe Acmae.smara Aegom.clavi Aegom.franc Aegom.kruep Agapa.annul Agapa.aspho Agapa.cardu Agapa.creti Agapa.cynar Agapa.dahli Agapa.david Agapa.friva Agapa.inter Agapa.irror Agapa.kirby Agapa.lais Agapa.later Agapa.leder Agapa.leuca Agapa.macul Agapa.osman Agapa.probs Agapa.schur Agapa.sicul Agapa.villo Agapa.viola Akime.schae Aloce.moesi Alost.bicol Alost.ingri Alost.tabac Anaes.testa Anagl.arabi Anagl.gibbo Anagl.luteo Anagl.mysti Anagl.praec Anast.dubia Anast.monta Anast.reyi Anast.sangu Anisa.barbi Anopl.rufip Anopl.sexgu Aredo.fonte Aredo.rubra Aredo.varii Arhop.ferus Arhop.rusti Arhop.syria Aromi.mosch Asemu.stria Asemu.tenui Asias.halod Axino.graci Brach.balca Brach.borni Brach.inter Brach.ottom Brach.varia Calam.filum Calch.oblon Calch.sexma Calli.abdom Calli.angul Calli.ater Calli.egreg Calli.femor Calli.graci Calli.rufip Caril.virgi Ceram.carin Ceram.cerdo Ceram.dux. Ceram.miles Ceram.nodul Ceram.scopo Ceram.welen Certa.ebuli Chlor.aegyp Chlor.elaea Chlor.falde Chlor.figur Chlor.glabr Chlor.herbs Chlor.hunga Chlor.pilos Chlor.rufic Chlor.sarto Chlor.trifa Chlor.variu Clytu.ariet Clytu.aroid Clytu.clavi Clytu.lama Clytu.rhamn Clytu.rober Clytu.tropi Coniz.detri Cornu.quadr Corto.alpin Corto.aspro Corto.cilia Corto.disco Corto.femor Corto.flavi Corto.holos Corto.humer Corto.khatc Corto.kiese Corto.moldo Corto.pumil Corto.reitt Corto.ruthe Corto.schur Corto.stein Corto.villo Cribr.otini Cribr.strag Cyrto.capra Deilu.fugax Derol.mauri Derop.genei Derop.trobe Dinop.colla Dorca.aethi Dorca.alban Dorca.albos Dorca.arcad Dorca.arena Dorca.areum Dorca.attic Dorca.axill Dorca.balth Dorca.boris Dorca.brava Dorca.breun Dorca.bures Dorca.carin Dorca.chrys Dorca.ciner Dorca.cisca Dorca.conde Dorca.corcy Dorca.decip Dorca.divis Dorca.elega Dorca.emgei Dorca.epire Dorca.eques Dorca.etrus Dorca.eugen Dorca.ferru Dorca.fulvu Dorca.funes Dorca.galli Dorca.glabr Dorca.glycy Dorca.grani Dorca.heldr Dorca.heyro Dorca.holos Dorca.hybri Dorca.ingea Dorca.insul Dorca.joann Dorca.kaima Dorca.kozan Dorca.kruep Dorca.kykla Dorca.laeve Dorca.liano Dorca.linea Dorca.litig Dorca.ljube Dorca.lugub Dorca.maced Dorca.mader Dorca.major Dorca.margh Dorca.medit Dorca.mesch Dorca.meteo Dorca.minko Dorca.minut Dorca.mokrz Dorca.murra Dorca.obenb Dorca.olymp Dorca.olycola Dorca.ossae Dorca.panti Dorca.parna Dorca.pedes Dorca.pelop Dorca.pilos Dorca.pilene Dorca.pindi Dorca.polit Dorca.propi Dorca.pseud Dorca.psline Dorca.purky Dorca.pusil Dorca.quadr Dorca.regul Dorca.salon Dorca.sapka Dorca.sarep Dorca.scopo Dorca.septe Dorca.seric Dorca.sterb Dorca.sturm Dorca.subju Dorca.tabor Dorca.tassi Dorca.tauri Dorca.tayge Dorca.thess Dorca.tules Dorca.valon Dorca.veluc Dorca.velse Dorca.wewal Dorca.zante Drymo.cylin Drymo.truqu Echin.bobel Echin.flora Echin.marco Echin.scala Echin.sicul Enopl.sangu Ergat.faber Evodi.borea Evodi.clath Exoce.adspe Exoce.lusit Exoce.punct Exoce.stier Gnath.prate Graci.minut Gramm.abdom Gramm.auric Gramm.rufic Gramm.ustul Gramm.virid Herop.beier Herop.fairm Herop.trist Hespe.seric Hylot.bajul Ibero.abule Ibero.aguad Ibero.albic Ibero.amori Ibero.andal Ibero.aries Ibero.becer Ibero.boliv Ibero.brann Ibero.casti Ibero.circu Ibero.espan Ibero.ferdi Ibero.fuent Ibero.fulig Ibero.grael Ibero.grise Ibero.grust Ibero.heyde Ibero.isern Ibero.korbi Ibero.lorqu Ibero.lusit Ibero.marmo Ibero.marti Ibero.molit Ibero.moscu Ibero.mucid Ibero.mus Ibero.neile Ibero.perez Ibero.pseud Ibero.punct Ibero.segov Ibero.segun Ibero.seoan Ibero.spino Ibero.sutur Ibero.terol Ibero.uhago Ibero.vanho Ibero.zarco Icosi.tomen Isoto.barba Isoto.compt Isoto.jarmi Isoto.speci Judol.sexma Lamia.texto Leiod.kolla Leiop.femor Leiop.insul Leiop.nebul Leiop.punct Leiop.sette Lepto.illyr Lepto.nitid Leptu.aethi Leptu.annul Leptu.aurul Leptu.nigri Leptu.quadr Leptu.viren Liode.linea Lucas.levai Macro.thora Mallo.graec Menes.bipun Menes.sulph Mesop.asiat Mesop.batel Mesop.besic Mesos.curcu Mesos.myops Mesos.nebul Molor.kiese Molor.marmo Molor.minor Molor.plagi Molor.schmi Molor.umbel Monoc.gallo Monoc.implu Monoc.saltu Monoc.sarto Monoc.sutor Monoc.uruss Morim.asper Morim.gangl Morim.verec Nathr.berla Nathr.brevi Neocl.acumi Neodo.bilin Neodo.calab Neodo.exorn Neodo.falla Neodo.laque Neodo.pelle Neodo.virle Neopi.sicul Nivel.exten Nivel.sangu Notho.punct Nuste.disti Nypho.picti Obere.eryth Obere.eupho Obere.linea Obere.macul Obere.morav Obere.ocula Obere.pedem Obere.pupil Obere.tayge Obriu.brunn Obriu.canth Oedec.geble Oplos.ciner Oxyli.argen Oxyli.dupon Oxymi.curso Oxypl.nodie Pachy.ceram Pachy.errat Pachy.lamed Pachy.quadr Parac.cordi Parac.eryth Parac.fulva Parac.hybri Parac.macul Parac.marti Parac.oblon Parac.palle Parac.picti Parac.rufa Parac.scute Parac.simpl Parac.tesse Parac.tonsa Parac.trisi Paran.brunn Parme.balea Parme.balte Parme.bicin Parme.breun Parme.cruci Parme.mereg Parme.novak Parme.ponto Parme.pubes Parme.slama Parme.solie Parme.subpu Parme.unifa Pedos.ariad Pedos.emmip Pedos.pubes Pedos.reves Pedos.verti Penic.fasci Phora.recur Phora.semip Phyma.alni Phyma.fasci Phyma.glabr Phyma.livid Phyma.punct Phyma.pusil Phyma.rufip Phyto.affin Phyto.albov Phyto.alger Phyto.annul Phyto.argus Phyto.balca Phyto.bithy Phyto.caeru Phyto.cepha Phyto.coeru Phyto.cylin Phyto.eryth Phyto.falde Phyto.flave Phyto.genic Phyto.hirsu Phyto.humer Phyto.icter Phyto.inarm Phyto.longi Phyto.malac Phyto.melan Phyto.mille Phyto.molyb Phyto.nigri Phyto.praet Phyto.pubes Phyto.pustu Phyto.rubro Phyto.rufip Phyto.schur Phyto.scute Phyto.serri Phyto.tigri Phyto.tirel Phyto.uncin Phyto.virgu Phyto.vitti Phyto.vulne Pidon.lurid Plagi.arcua Plagi.detri Pogon.anato Pogon.carol Pogon.creti Pogon.decor Pogon.eugen Pogon.fasci Pogon.hispi Pogon.hisus Pogon.marco Pogon.neuha Pogon.ovatu Pogon.perro Pogon.plaso Pogon.sieve Pogon.stura Pogon.tayge Prino.myard Prion.coria Prono.angus Pseud.berge Pseud.ciner Pseud.excel Pseud.livid Psilo.brach Ptero.m.gri Purpu.buden Purpu.cauca Purpu.dalma Purpu.desfo Purpu.ferru Purpu.globu Purpu.graec Purpu.kaehl Purpu.renyv Purpu.schur Pyrrh.sangu Rhaes.serri Rhagi.bifas Rhagi.inqui Rhagi.morda Rhagi.sycop Rhamn.bicol Rhamn.graci Rhamn.graec Rhamn.testa Rhaph.graci Ropal.aenea Ropal.clavi Ropal.coria Ropal.femor Ropal.insub Ropal.leder Ropal.macro Ropal.sicul Ropal.ungar Ropal.varin Ropal.viola Rosal.alpin Rutpe.macul Saper.carch Saper.octop Saper.perfo Saper.popul Saper.punct Saper.querc Saper.scala Saper.simil Sapha.piceu Schur.sicul Seman.laura Seman.russi Seman.undat Spond.bupre Steno.atric Steno.creti Steno.dubia Steno.ferre Steno.flavi Steno.insit Steno.mauri Steno.merid Steno.querc Steno.rufus Steno.simil Stenu.appro Stenu.bifas Stenu.hybri Stenu.melan Stenu.nigra Stenu.samai Stenu.senii Stenu.septe Stenu.vauch Stran.atten Strom.unico Subge.bicol Subge.major Subge.scabr Subge.testa Subge.ulmi Tetro.aquil Tetro.casta Tetro.elaea Tetro.fuscu Tetro.gabri Tetro.gilvi Tetro.praeu Tetro.stark Theop.subcy Trago.depsa Trich.arenb Trich.berbe Trich.berge Trich.campe Trich.fasci Trich.grise Trich.holos Trich.magna Trich.palli Trich.spart Trino.cribr Vadon.bipun Vadon.bisig Vadon.dojra Vadon.hirsu Vadon.imita Vadon.insid Vadon.moesi Vadon.monos Vadon.parna Vadon.steve Vadon.unipu Vespe.arago Vespe.boliv Vespe.brevi Vespe.conic Vespe.creti Vespe.fuent Vespe.jerte Vespe.joani Vespe.ligus Vespe.lurid Vespe.nigel Vespe.sanzi Vespe.serra Vespe.strep Vespe.xatar Xylos.barto Xylos.spino Xylot.altai Xylot.antil Xylot.arvic Xylot.asell Xylot.capri Xylot.ibex Xylot.panth Xylot.rusti Xylot.stebb
AL 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
AT 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
BG 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
CBH 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
CH 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
ES 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
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SL 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
SS 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0

Beta diversidade total

Para calcular a betadiversidade total podemos usar a função beta.multi do pacote betapart.

# Use esse código caso seus dados sejam de abundância.
ceram.s <- ifelse(ceram.s > 0, 1, 0)
#----

beta_total <- beta.multi(ceram.s,
                       index.family = "sorensen")
beta_total
## $beta.SIM
## [1] 0.6125847
## 
## $beta.SNE
## [1] 0.1267356
## 
## $beta.SOR
## [1] 0.7393203

Beta diversidade par-a-par

Para calcular a betadiversidade para cada par de localidade podemos usar a função beta.multi do pacote betapart.

beta_par <- beta.pair(ceram.s,
                      index.family = "sorensen")

O resultado par a par é mais fácil de ser visualizado com o seguinte código.

get_upper_tri <- function(cormat){
  cormat[lower.tri(cormat)]<- NA
  return(cormat)
}

sim <- get_upper_tri(as.matrix(beta_par$beta.sim))

sor <- get_upper_tri(as.matrix(beta_par$beta.sor))

sne <- get_upper_tri(as.matrix(beta_par$beta.sne))

melted_cormat <- reshape2::melt(sim)
melted_cormat2 <- reshape2::melt(sor)
melted_cormat3 <- reshape2::melt(sne)

melted_cormat <- rbind(melted_cormat2, melted_cormat, melted_cormat3)

melted_cormat$metric <- factor(rep(c("Total", "Turnover", "Aninhamento"), 
                            each = nrow(melted_cormat2)), 
                            c("Total", "Turnover", "Aninhamento"))

pal <- wes_palette("Zissou1", 100, type = "continuous")
g <- ggplot(data = melted_cormat, aes(Var2, Var1, fill = value))+
  geom_tile(color = "white")+
  scale_fill_gradientn(colours = pal, 
                       name="Diversidade Beta") +
  theme_minimal()+ 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust = 0),
        text = element_text(size = 16)) +
  coord_fixed() +
  xlab("") +
  ylab("") +
  facet_wrap(metric ~.) +
  ggtitle("Componentes da beta diversidade entre localidades")
g