I was interested in taking a look at the emotions of the states with the top 4 most-confirmed COVID-19 cases. By taking a look at one major news source from each of the states, I would be able to have a better visual understanding of whether a majority of the headlines were positive or negative. Specifically, how the media is portraying things when some states are in less than ideal situations. Are they trying to look on the bright side, or is it all bad news? I am also expecting that most of the news will have to do with the pandemic or vaccinations, but we shall see.
According to Becker’s Hospital Review, as of May 5th, the states struggling with a majority of the cases are:
I will be comparing the emotions and sentiments of Inforum, WPRI, Keloland, FOX 13. As well as including word clouds to have a better look at which terms they are using the most.
Hi, I’m Amanda Sanfilippo. I am a senior at the University of New Haven majoring in Business Analytics.
<<SimpleCorpus>>
Metadata: corpus specific: 1, document level (indexed): 0
Content: documents: 58
[1] Louisville police internal report finds officers should not have shot back during Breonna Taylor raid
[2] Improving Timberwolves dominate Magic, 128-96
[3] Battle over GOP’s future intensifies as McCarthy backs Stefanik over Cheney
[4] Twins, Tigers dashed by rain; doubleheader scheduled for July
[5] NDDOT plans numerous safety, repair projects in Fargo area
[6] Karl-Anthony Towns grateful for father’s presence on Mother’s Day weekend
[7] Keeping Peter Cottontail out of your yard and garden
[8] Lidgerwood rollover crash kills teen
[9] Is the proposed Buffalo City theme park the answer to North Dakota's tourism challenge?
[10] Richland Colts guard Megan Roob on 'Cloud 9' after committing to play for the Dragons
[11] North Dakota Dem-NPL party taps former auditor candidate as new chair
[12] Martin Truex Jr. dominates at Darlington for third win of season
[13] NDDOT plans numerous safety, repair projects in Fargo area
[14] Architecture firm designing Bison indoor football facility likes to think big
[15] Staff emails revealed in data request shake University of Minnesota Duluth campus
[16] Weather talk: Sunny starts and showery finishes
[17] Weather talk: Jets contribute to air pollution and climate change
[18] WeatherTalk: New averages show our climate has gotten wetter
[19] Agnes E. (Gronlund) Boss
[20] Olivia Jean Salo
[21] Cortez Bradshaw
[22] Tumurtogoo Bataa
[23] Improving Timberwolves dominate Magic, 128-96
[24] Twins, Tigers dashed by rain; doubleheader scheduled for July
[25] Karl-Anthony Towns grateful for father’s presence on Mother’s Day weekend
[26] OTHER VIEWS: Lawmakers should work to bring film and TV productions to Minnesota
[27] Ahmad: Etiquette to empower freedom of speech
[28] Letter: NFIB thanks legislators for passing important small business legislation
[29] Usher's House plans May 15 reopening in downtown Moorhead
[30] Elle Michelle vintage jewelry boutique opens on downtown Fargo's south side
[31] La Unica Mexican Market planning new location in Fargo, permit records show
[32] Is the proposed Buffalo City theme park the answer to North Dakota's tourism challenge?
[33] Fargo Blues Fest announces its 2021 lineup
[34] Christian rock band schedules summer show at Moorhead's Bluestem Amphitheater
[35] Through the 1970s and on, Minnesota bait shop was epicenter of fishing opener
[36] Fishing opener notebook: DNR meets walleye egg goals, sign up for free virtual walleye derby
[37] Minnesota fishing license sales up 12% over 2020, 58% over 2019
[38] Every mom has a compelling story to share, and here are some of our favorites
[39] Mayo Clinic podcast: Signs of depression in teens and how to help
[40] Fargo baby girl saved in utero by blood transfusion
[41] Another adjustment of the sails on life's journey
[42] 'Not much has changed' but drought remains a threat across the region, John Wheeler says
[43] Mayville State University adds emphasis to agriculture
[44] College baseball: Omaha snaps Bison's five-game win streak
[45] Architecture firm designing Bison indoor football facility likes to think big
[46] College baseball: Bison save best for late, rally to down Omaha
[47] COVID-19 variant cases mounting in North Dakota
[48] North Dakota doctors worry COVID-19 vaccine myths impede path to herd immunity
[49] Minnesota health officials report 810 new COVID cases, 7 deaths
[50] Louisville police internal report finds officers should not have shot back during Breonna Taylor raid
[51] NDDOT plans numerous safety, repair projects in Fargo area
[52] Boyfriend kills 6 people and himself at Colorado birthday party; children not shot
[53] Battle over GOP’s future intensifies as McCarthy backs Stefanik over Cheney
[54] Top U.S. fuel pipeline operator pushes to recover from cyberattack
[55] U.S. wants COVID-19 vaccine patent waiver to benefit world, not boost China biotech
[56] Keeping Peter Cottontail out of your yard and garden
[57] Moorhead student is a winner when she puts pencil to paper
[58] This historic Minnesota home comes with caves ... and it's for sale
Error in as.data.frame.default(x): cannot coerce class 'c("SimpleCorpus", "Corpus")' to a data.frame
word freq
far far 7
minnesota minnesota 6
dakota dakota 5
north north 5
back back 4
plan plan 4
new new 4
bison bison 4
covid covid 4
report report 3
<<SimpleCorpus>>
Metadata: corpus specific: 1, document level (indexed): 0
Content: documents: 101
[1] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLarge brush fire burns 50 acres in Tiverton\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[2] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNY shooting victim: ‘I just dropped to the ground and was asking for help’\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[3] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWeather Now: Rain Overnight; A Little Cooler Monday\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[4] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tHundreds take part in the 3rd annual Gianna Cirella Memorial 5k\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[5] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t7 adults dead after birthday party shooting in Colorado\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[6] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMan killed in motorcycle accident in Norton\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[7] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLocal floral industry feels the impacts of Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[8] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLincoln neighborhood on edge after police report multiple break-ins\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[9] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMonday at 5: Target 12 investigates a Lingering Layoff\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[10] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMajor US pipeline halts operations after ransomware attack\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[11] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tHigh School football Championships: Hendricken, Central and Coventry take home titles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[12] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<U+FEFF>Investigation underway after man dies following interaction with Providence officers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[13] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNesi’s Notes: May 8\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[14] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRI eases restrictions, including restaurant capacity ahead of Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[15] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPandemic rules to loosen at amusement parks, road races\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[16] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMonday at 5: Target 12 investigates a Lingering Layoff\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[17] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘We need to do right by the patients’: McKee weighs in on safety conditions at Zambarano hospital\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[18] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWPRI 12 honored with regional Edward R. Murrow Awards for 3rd year in a row\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[19] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘Jasiel was dirty’: Marijuana biz owners testify about paying bribes to former mayor\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[20] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRI lawmakers unveil new 20-year gambling contract with IGT, Bally’s\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[21] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘I thought it was odd,’ Fall River DPW official testifies in Jasiel Correia trial\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[22] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tHOMICIDE INVESTIGATION | COLORADO SPRINGS\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[23] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWeather Now: Rain Overnight; Spot Shower Monday Afternoon\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[24] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFire crews battle large brush fire in Tiverton\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[25] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLincoln neighborhood on edge after police report multiple break-ins\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[26] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tChampionship Saturday for RI high school football\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[27] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMother's Day impact on the local floral industry\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[28] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWEATHER NOW: Nice Mother's Day, Rain Tonight\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[29] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFriday Night Blitz: Remaining teams prepare for Super Bowl showdowns\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[30] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tVideo Now: Police release body cam footage of overnight incident in Providence\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[31] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNew Bedford donut shop planning to reopen must change its name due to Middletown business’ trademark\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[32] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tVideo Now: The battle of Ma's Donuts\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[33] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSmoke alarms, water pumps, folding chairs recalled\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[34] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSudan says Ethiopian peacekeepers deported to refugee camp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[35] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tChina says most rocket debris burned up during reentry\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[36] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tProminent female Saudi activist summoned in relation to case\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[37] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMan kills 6, then self, at Colorado birthday party shooting\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[38] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t7 adults dead after birthday party shooting in Colorado\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[39] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tBarrington tops St. Ray’s, 34-6 in Division II Super Bowl\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[40] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCollege Roundup: Bryant baseball wins, RIC Women’s Tennis wins Little East title\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[41] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNarragansett wins Division IV Super Bowl, 21-13 over Ponaganset\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[42] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tBryant’s Mike Pressler recaps incredible journey to NCAA Men’s Lacrosse Tournament\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[43] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tHigh School football Championships: Hendricken, Central and Coventry take home titles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[44] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMonday at 5: Target 12 investigates a Lingering Layoff\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[45] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘We need to do right by the patients’: McKee weighs in on safety conditions at Zambarano hospital\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[46] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWPRI 12 honored with regional Edward R. Murrow Awards for 3rd year in a row\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[47] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘Jasiel was dirty’: Marijuana biz owners testify about paying bribes to former mayor\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[48] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRI lawmakers unveil new 20-year gambling contract with IGT, Bally’s\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[49] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFrom toothpaste to shampoo, Scituate middle schooler collects personal hygiene products for those in need\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[50] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘I didn’t think I’d be a match’: Warwick man donating kidney to his best friend\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[51] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSurvey finds what mom really wants this Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[52] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPizza shop offers free slices to vaccinated customers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[53] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘Everyone should be so lucky’: Portsmouth coach with new lease on life plans to cherish every waking moment\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[54] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGustave White Sotheby’s listing: Carnegie Harbor Drive in Portsmouth\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[55] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tHealth tips for National Women’s Health Week\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[56] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tIt’s Rhode Show Rewind time\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[57] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWhat Does Mom Really Want?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[58] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLocal gift ideas for Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[59] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘Women Helping Women’ virtual fundraiser raises money for women experiencing homelessness\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[60] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tYour experience during the COVID-19 pandemic can be part of Rhode Island’s history\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[61] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFall River celebrates Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[62] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUnited Way of RI awarding $4.5M to support programs that target root of racial inequality\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[63] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCamp Wannagoagain loses home for summer, scrambles to find new location\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[64] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLarge brush fire burns 50 acres in Tiverton\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[65] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<U+FEFF>Investigation underway after man dies following interaction with Providence officers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[66] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNY shooting victim: ‘I just dropped to the ground and was asking for help’\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[67] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSoaking Rain Expected Overnight\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[68] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tProvidence man charged in murder-for-hire plot\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[69] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSummer Planning Guide: See what’s in store for Southern New England\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[70] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tStudent Setbacks & Successes: Helping kids stay on track and feel supported through uncertain times\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[71] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tVaccine 101: Laying out the facts and dispelling the myths before you get the shot\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[72] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tBiden move to share vaccine designed to spread US influence\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[73] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tAs US reopens, campuses tighten restrictions for virus\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[74] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tAuthorities: Fake vaccination cards sold at California bar\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[75] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘I am so happy’: Nursing home residents plan outings with their family for Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[76] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRI nearing 1 million vaccine doses administered; positivity rate remains low\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[77] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWHO panel OKs emergency use of China’s Sinopharm vaccine\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[78] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNYC still storing COVID-19 victims in refrigerated trucks\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[79] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNo longer in COVID ‘red zone,’ Fall River launches vaccine hotline, website\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[80] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSuperintendent says Cranston high school vaccine clinics a success, despite lower turnout\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[81] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPfizer officially seeking FDA approval for its COVID-19 vaccine\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[82] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRI eases restrictions, including restaurant capacity ahead of Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[83] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNew wristbands serve as wearable vaccine card\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[84] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSky Drone 12: Coverage you can count on from above\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[85] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWarwick applies for grant to fix Conimicut Shoals Lighthouse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[86] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMany more than ‘7 swans a swimming’ seen in the Seekonk River this spring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[87] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRIPTA utilizing the sun to power up and save money\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[88] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFrom toothpaste to shampoo, Scituate middle schooler collects personal hygiene products for those in need\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[89] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘I didn’t think I’d be a match’: Warwick man donating kidney to his best friend\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[90] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNASA Mars helicopter heard humming through thin Martian air\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[91] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNASA launch from Virginia could produce brief green and violet auroras visible from the eastern US\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[92] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFresh pizza vending machine prompts curiosity and horror in Rome\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[93] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRI willing to pay artist $50K to paint Raimondo’s official portrait\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[94] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRocket launch visible from Southern New England\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[95] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWPRI 12 Live Cams\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[96] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t‘Women Helping Women’ virtual fundraiser raises money for women experiencing homelessness\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[97] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tYour experience during the COVID-19 pandemic can be part of Rhode Island’s history\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[98] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFall River celebrates Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[99] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t2021 Remarkable Women Contest\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[100] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRemarkable Women winner revealed\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[101] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRemarkable Women finalist: Alexis Meyer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Error in as.data.frame.default(x): cannot coerce class 'c("SimpleCorpus", "Corpus")' to a data.frame
word freq
vaccin vaccin 10
‘ ‘ 9
day day 8
new new 8
man man 7
mother’ mother’ 6
shootin shootin 5
monday monday 5
now now 5
river river 5
<<SimpleCorpus>>
Metadata: corpus specific: 1, document level (indexed): 0
Content: documents: 65
[1] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tOne step closer to herd immunity by vaccinating young teens\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[2] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMom and daughter graduate together from SDSU’s College of Nursing on Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[3] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tExperts fear child abuse rose and was more severe in S.D. during COVID-19 pandemic\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[4] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tEye on KELOLAND: Remote policing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[5] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUSPS Dog Paw Program aimed at preventing dog attacks on carriers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[6] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tEye on KELOLAND: Remote policing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[7] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUSPS Dog Paw Program aimed at preventing dog attacks on carriers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[8] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMom and daughter graduate together from SDSU's College of Nursing on Mother's Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[9] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tOne step closer to herd immunity by vaccinating young teens\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[10] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tDr. Santiago Lopez\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[11] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tDr. Rick Kooima\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[12] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPreview: Remote policing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[13] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUSPS Dog Paw Program aimed at preventing dog attacks on carriers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[14] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGraduation weekend wraps up at SDSU\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[15] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPREVIEW: Mother-daughter duo graduates from SDSU's College of Nursing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[16] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCOVID-19 in South Dakota: May 2021 daily updates\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[17] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tAugustana baseball enters tournament play as 2-seed\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[18] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU softball wraps up regular season with 38-5 record\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[19] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tInside KELOLAND: Summer activities\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[20] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWaubay woman sentenced to prison for program theft\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[21] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPreview: Remote policing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[22] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUSPS program aims to protect mail carriers from dog attacks\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[23] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGraduation weekend wraps up at SDSU\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[24] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPREVIEW: Mother-daughter duo graduates from SDSU’s College of Nursing\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[25] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPreview: One step closer to herd immunity by vaccinating young teens\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[26] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMom and daughter graduate together from SDSU’s College of Nursing on Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[27] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tOne step closer to herd immunity by vaccinating young teens\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[28] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tInside KELOLAND: Summer activities\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[29] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWaubay woman sentenced to prison for program theft\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[30] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUSPS program aims to protect mail carriers from dog attacks\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[31] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU cruises past Delaware to advance to first ever FCS National Championship\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[32] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU football advances to the FCS National Championship\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[33] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMultiple South Dakota counties labeled as “primary natural disaster areas”\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[34] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFirst@4: Thursday night shooting update; COVID-19 case count; SDSU football hosts semifinals game\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[35] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMother’s Day spending expected to increase, studies show, with flowers a popular gift\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[36] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tThe week ahead in S.D. state government, starting Monday, May 10, 2021\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[37] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tInterest stirs as S.D. industrial hemp returns\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[38] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSouth Dakota grouse season won’t be longer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[39] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGFP swaps Sully County land parcels\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[40] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSouth Dakota might sell ‘special’ antelope tags\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[41] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPrison sentence becomes a death sentence\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[42] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMan stood by friend in prison who later died from COVID-19\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[43] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPreview: Prison sentence becomes a death sentence\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[44] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPuppy scammers caught on store camera\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[45] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tA doggone scam\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[46] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSingle-family homes increase in price by $36,000 due to lumber shortage: study\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[47] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMother’s Day Brunch returns after last year’s closures, but staffing issues could limit capacity\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[48] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tUS ranks last in the world for paid time off for new moms\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[49] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPaws Abilities, a locally-owned pet store, now open on 41st Street\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[50] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGist Wine Shop opening May 12th in downtown Sioux Falls\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[51] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tAugustana baseball enters tournament play as 2-seed\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[52] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU softball wraps up regular season with 38-5 record\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[53] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTwins and Tigers rained out, doubleheader on July 16\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[54] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU softball finishes regular season with 4 game sweep of NDSU\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[55] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU cruises past Delaware to advance to first ever FCS National Championship\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[56] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTwo dead, several injured in crash in eastern Sioux Falls\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[57] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWaubay woman sentenced to prison for program theft\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[58] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSupporting a well-loved teacher at Patrick Henry Middle School\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[59] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tMom and daughter graduate together from SDSU’s College of Nursing on Mother’s Day\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[60] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSDSU cruises past Delaware to advance to first ever FCS National Championship\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[61] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tBryce, Zion & the Grand Canyon\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[62] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFaces of COVID-19\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[63] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tYour Guide To Coronavirus\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[64] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tEmily’s Hope\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
[65] \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tKELOLAND Investigates\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Error in as.data.frame.default(x): cannot coerce class 'c("SimpleCorpus", "Corpus")' to a data.frame
word freq
sdsu sdsu 10
pro pro 8
ram ram 8
sentenc sentenc 7
coll coll 6
day day 6
hter hter 6
nursin nursin 6
raduat raduat 6
preview preview 6
<<SimpleCorpus>>
Metadata: corpus specific: 1, document level (indexed): 0
Content: documents: 85
[1] Would you like to receive local news notifications on your desktop?
[2] Menu
[3] Local Coronavirus News
[4] Here's how to register for a COVID-19 vaccination in Utah
[5] Local News
[6] Motorcyclist in critical condition after crash in South Jordan
[7] Today's Forecast
[8] Keeping it cool
[9] Recipes
[10] Sunday Brunch: Waffled French Toast with Caramel Syrup
[11] Local News
[12] Restaurants, flower shops busy for Mother's Day
[13] Nation/World
[14] China says most rocket debris burned up during reentry
[15] Local News
[16] Mural of man killed by West Valley City officer defaced
[17] Local News
[18] Foundation donates EnChroma glasses to colorblind Utah teen
[19] Local News
[20] Heber Police: Fugitive arrested after fleeing, ramming patrol vehicles
[21] Local News
[22] Cyclist hit by vehicle, killed in Summit County Friday morning
[23] Technology
[24] Utah engineers making moving holograms
[25] Local Coronavirus News
[26] Utah surpasses 400,000 total cases in Saturday's report from Department of Health
[27] Today's Forecast
[28] Warm to cool
[29] Sports
[30] San Jose Earthquakes top Real Salt Lake 2-1
[31] Local News
[32] Rigby, Idaho community comes together after school shooting
[33] Local News
[34] Post-pandemic travel boom hits Utah
[35] NBA
[36] Bogdanovic scores career-high 48 points, Jazz beat Nuggets 127-120
[37] Local News
[38] Utah teen hospitalized with blood clots in his brain
[39] Local Coronavirus News
[40] Washington County School District stops enforcing statewide K-12 mask mandate
[41] Weather
[42] Weather advisory issued; Northern Utah seeing 40+ mph winds
[43] Local News
[44] Child psychologist: Access to guns and games adds to potential for violence
[45] Local News
[46] SLC mayor tours new recycling facility
[47] Rebound
[48] Utah industries having hard time finding workers
[49] Local News
[50] SLCC announces August graduation ceremony
[51] Local News
[52] 'Did I kill anybody?' Driver in fatal wrong-way crash did it on purpose
[53] Local News
[54] SLC veterans home welcomes unique comfort animal
[55] Local News
[56] Controversial bill about things you post on social media coming back
[57] Sports
[58] BYUs Matt Haarms declares for NBA Draft
[59] Local Coronavirus News
[60] Utah reports 386 COVID-19 cases Friday; 4 additional deaths
[61] Local News
[62] Utah's new homeless coordinator gets first hand look at resources
[63] Crime
[64] Suspect at-large after person shot in Salt Lake City neighborhood
[65] Healthier Together
[66] Hope and help for new moms battling depression
[67] Local News
[68] Family of slain teen sues Cottonwood Heights over injuries from protest
[69] Local News
[70] Construction of 180-ft. long tunnel underneath Temple Square reaches end
[71] Local News
[72] New program provides $250,000 to give Utah students fresh food at school
[73] Local News
[74] Support for Utah moms dealing with loss on Mother's Day
[75] Local News
[76] LDS President Nelson receives honorary degree from U of U
[77] Crime
[78] Man claims he was injured in random SLC shooting, video shows otherwise
[79] Local Coronavirus News
[80] Hogle Zoo no longer requiring guests to wear masks outside
[81] Local News
[82] Utah man who participated in Capitol riot to be evaluated for mental competency
[83] Local Coronavirus News
[84] Utah bar bombarded with angry calls after requiring vaccine to dine in
[85] About Us
Error in as.data.frame.default(x): cannot coerce class 'c("SimpleCorpus", "Corpus")' to a data.frame
word freq
local local 29
news news 29
utah utah 14
coronavirus coronavirus 6
new new 4
kill kill 3
man man 3
teen teen 3
school school 3
slc slc 3
When it came to the emotions from the headlines of the news sources, all of the emotions were present. There was some “anticipation” present, perhaps due to the vaccination now being available and they are hopeful that life will gain a bit more normality. As well as it being Mother’s Day, and the celebrations being held for that. It cannot all be bad news, as there was quite a bit of positive language pulled from the websites. Perhaps in response to vaccinations or Mother’s Day, but there could be plenty of other reasons for that. However, there was a fair amount of negativity present, as is the standard when reading the news, whether it be from death or crime. Unsurprisingly, there was also quite a bit of fear, which could again be caused by a number of things. What primarily comes to mind is the pandemic, as well as crimes being committed and unfortunate incidents taking place.
It may come as no surprise that a certain buzzword that all four word clouds share in common is “COVID” or “Coronavirus”. Since this has been the big news for the last year, especially since these states are suffering from a rise in cases, there is obviously going to be a huge focus on it. Vaccinations were also mentioned here and there, but not as much as I was expecting. I thought there would be a higher frequency of that word being used. Since the headlines for these word clouds were pulled on May 9th, that is the reason why there is such a big emphasis on “mother” and “mom”.
This project made use of the NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon, created by Saif M. Mohammad and Peter D. Turney at the National Research Council Canada. Click here for more information.
Crowdsourcing a Word-Emotion Association Lexicon, Saif Mohammad and Peter Turney, Computational Intelligence, 29 (3), 436-465, 2013.
Emotions Evoked by Common Words and Phrases: Using Mechanical Turk to Create an Emotion Lexicon, Saif Mohammad and Peter Turney, In Proceedings of the NAACL-HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text, June 2010, LA, California.
I would like to thank my Unsupervised Machine Learning professor, Armando E. Rodriguez, Ph.D., for teaching me how to complete an emotional text analysis using R.
As well as my Data Visualization and Communication professor, Gazi M. Duman, Ph.D., for teaching me how to create flexdashboards and wordclouds.
---
title: "Text Analysis of the top 4 states with most confirmed COVID-19 Cases"
output:
flexdashboard::flex_dashboard:
orientation: columns
vertical_layout: fill
source_code: embed
---
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(flexdashboard)
pacman::p_load(tidyverse, tidytext, textclean, tokenizers, markovchain)
pacman::p_load(stm, rvest, tm)
pacman::p_load(gutenbergr)
library(textdata)
library(cowplot)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(textdata)
library(patchwork)
library(tm)
library(SnowballC)
library(wordcloud)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(RCurl)
library(XML)
```
Introduction {data-orientation=columns}
=====================================
Column
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
### Introduction
I was interested in taking a look at the emotions of the states with the top 4 most-confirmed COVID-19 cases. By taking a look at one major news source from each of the states, I would be able to have a better visual understanding of whether a majority of the headlines were positive or negative. Specifically, how the media is portraying things when some states are in less than ideal situations. Are they trying to look on the bright side, or is it all bad news? I am also expecting that most of the news will have to do with the pandemic or vaccinations, but we shall see.
According to [Becker's Hospital Review](https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/public-health/states-ranked-by-confirmed-covid-19-cases-july-1.html), as of May 5th, the states struggling with a majority of the cases are:
1. North Dakota
2. Rhode Island
3. South Dakota
4. Utah
I will be comparing the emotions and sentiments of [*Inforum*](https://www.inforum.com/), [*WPRI*](https://www.wpri.com/), [*Keloland*](https://www.keloland.com/), [*FOX 13*](https://www.fox13now.com/). As well as including word clouds to have a better look at which terms they are using the most.
### About Me
Hi, I'm [Amanda Sanfilippo](linkedin.com/in/asanfilippo1). I am a senior at the University of New Haven majoring in Business Analytics.
Emotions {data-orientation=columns}
=====================================
Column { vertical_layout: scroll}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
```{r, include=FALSE}
webpage_info = read_html("https://www.inforum.com/")
info0 = webpage_info %>% html_nodes("h3 a") %>% html_text()
info1 = data.frame(text = info0)
head(info1,5)
tail(info1,5)
nrow(info1)
info1$text = as.character(info1$text)
info2 = info1 %>% unnest_tokens(word, text,
to_lower = T,
strip_punct = T,
strip_numeric = T
)
info2 %>% count(word, sort = T)
info2 = info2 %>% anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")
head(info2)
info3 = cbind.data.frame(linenumber = row_number(info2), info2)
head(info3)
info3 %>% count(word, sort = T)
nrc_sent = get_sentiments("nrc")
table(nrc_sent$sentiment)
head(table(nrc_sent))
info3_emotion = info3 %>%
inner_join(nrc_sent) %>%
count(index = linenumber %/% 50, sentiment)
head(info3_emotion)
info_emotion = info3_emotion %>%
ggplot(aes(index, n, fill = as.factor(sentiment))) +
geom_col() +
theme(legend.position = "right") +
ggtitle("ND")
```
```{r, include=FALSE}
webpage_wpri = read_html("https://www.wpri.com/")
wpri0 = webpage_wpri %>% html_nodes("h3 a") %>% html_text()
wpri1 = data.frame(text = wpri0)
head(wpri1,5)
tail(wpri1,5)
nrow(wpri1)
wpri1$text = as.character(wpri1$text)
wpri2 = wpri1 %>% unnest_tokens(word, text,
to_lower = T,
strip_punct = T,
strip_numeric = T
)
wpri2 %>% count(word, sort = T)
wpri2 = wpri2 %>% anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")
head(wpri2)
wpri3 = cbind.data.frame(linenumber = row_number(wpri2), wpri2)
head(wpri3)
wpri3 %>% count(word, sort = T)
nrc_sent = get_sentiments("nrc")
table(nrc_sent$sentiment)
head(table(nrc_sent))
wpri3_emotion = wpri3 %>%
inner_join(nrc_sent) %>%
count(index = linenumber %/% 50, sentiment)
head(wpri3_emotion)
wpri_emotion = wpri3_emotion %>%
ggplot(aes(index, n, fill = as.factor(sentiment))) +
geom_col() +
theme(legend.position = "right") +
ggtitle("RI")
```
```{r, include=FALSE}
webpage_kelo = read_html("https://www.keloland.com/")
kelo0 = webpage_kelo %>% html_nodes("h3 a") %>% html_text()
kelo1 = data.frame(text = kelo0)
head(kelo1,5)
tail(kelo1,5)
nrow(kelo1)
kelo1$text = as.character(kelo1$text)
kelo2 = kelo1 %>% unnest_tokens(word, text,
to_lower = T,
strip_punct = T,
strip_numeric = T
)
kelo2 %>% count(word, sort = T)
kelo2 = kelo2 %>% anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")
head(kelo2)
kelo3 = cbind.data.frame(linenumber = row_number(kelo2), kelo2)
head(kelo3)
kelo3 %>% count(word, sort = T)
nrc_sent = get_sentiments("nrc")
table(nrc_sent$sentiment)
head(table(nrc_sent))
kelo3_emotion = kelo3 %>%
inner_join(nrc_sent) %>%
count(index = linenumber %/% 50, sentiment)
head(kelo3_emotion)
kelo_emotion = kelo3_emotion %>%
ggplot(aes(index, n, fill = as.factor(sentiment))) +
geom_col() +
theme(legend.position = "right") +
ggtitle("SD")
```
```{r, include=FALSE}
webpage_fox = read_html("https://www.fox13now.com/")
fox0 = webpage_fox %>% html_nodes("p") %>% html_text()
fox1 = data.frame(text = fox0)
head(fox1,5)
tail(fox1,5)
nrow(fox1)
fox2 <- fox1 %>%
slice(-(85))%>%
slice(-(1:2))
head(fox2,2)
tail(fox2,2)
fox2$text = as.character(fox2$text)
fox3 = fox2 %>% unnest_tokens(word, text,
to_lower = T,
strip_punct = T,
strip_numeric = T
)
fox3 %>% count(word, sort = T)
fox3 = fox3 %>% anti_join(stop_words, by = "word")
head(fox3)
fox4 = cbind.data.frame(linenumber = row_number(fox3), fox3)
head(fox4)
fox4 %>% count(word, sort = T)
nrc_sent = get_sentiments("nrc")
table(nrc_sent$sentiment)
head(table(nrc_sent))
fox4_emotion = fox4 %>%
inner_join(nrc_sent) %>%
count(index = linenumber %/% 50, sentiment)
head(fox4_emotion)
fox_emotion = fox4_emotion %>%
ggplot(aes(index, n, fill = as.factor(sentiment))) +
geom_col() +
theme(legend.position = "right") +
ggtitle("UT")
```
### Chart
```{r}
(info_emotion + plot_spacer() + wpri_emotion) / (kelo_emotion + plot_spacer() + fox_emotion)
```
Errors {data-orientation=columns}
=====================================
Column
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
### Error 1
```{r, error=TRUE}
docs<-Corpus(VectorSource(info0))
inspect(docs)
toSpace<-content_transformer(function(x, pattern)gsub(pattern, " ", x))
docs<-tm_map(docs, toSpace, "/")
docs<-tm_map(docs, toSpace, "g")
docs<-tm_map(docs, toSpace, "\\|")
docs<-tm_map(docs, content_transformer(tolower))
docs<-tm_map(docs, removeNumbers)
docs<-tm_map(docs, removeWords, stopwords("english"))
docs<-tm_map(docs, removePunctuation)
docs<-tm_map(docs, stripWhitespace)
docs<-tm_map(docs, stemDocument)
View(docs)
dtm<-TermDocumentMatrix(docs)
m<-as.matrix(dtm)
v<-sort(rowSums(m), decreasing = TRUE)
d<-data.frame(word=names(v), freq=v)
head(d, 10)
set.seed(2000)
```
### Error 2
```{r, error=TRUE}
docs2<-Corpus(VectorSource(wpri0))
inspect(docs2)
toSpace<-content_transformer(function(x, pattern)gsub(pattern, " ", x))
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, toSpace, "/")
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, toSpace, "g")
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, toSpace, "\\|")
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, content_transformer(tolower))
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, removeNumbers)
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, removeWords, stopwords("english"))
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, removePunctuation)
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, stripWhitespace)
docs2<-tm_map(docs2, stemDocument)
View(docs2)
dtm2<-TermDocumentMatrix(docs2)
m2<-as.matrix(dtm2)
v2<-sort(rowSums(m2), decreasing = TRUE)
d2<-data.frame(word=names(v2), freq=v2)
head(d2, 10)
set.seed(2000)
```
### Error 3
```{r, error=TRUE}
docs3<-Corpus(VectorSource(kelo0))
inspect(docs3)
toSpace<-content_transformer(function(x, pattern)gsub(pattern, " ", x))
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, toSpace, "/")
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, toSpace, "g")
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, toSpace, "\\|")
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, content_transformer(tolower))
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, removeNumbers)
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, removeWords, stopwords("english"))
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, removePunctuation)
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, stripWhitespace)
docs3<-tm_map(docs3, stemDocument)
View(docs3)
dtm3<-TermDocumentMatrix(docs3)
m3<-as.matrix(dtm3)
v3<-sort(rowSums(m3), decreasing = TRUE)
d3<-data.frame(word=names(v3), freq=v3)
head(d3, 10)
set.seed(2000)
```
### Error 4
```{r, error=TRUE}
docs4<-Corpus(VectorSource(fox0))
inspect(docs4)
toSpace<-content_transformer(function(x, pattern)gsub(pattern, " ", x))
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, toSpace, "/")
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, toSpace, "g")
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, toSpace, "\\|")
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, content_transformer(tolower))
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, removeNumbers)
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, removeWords, stopwords("english"))
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, removePunctuation)
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, stripWhitespace)
docs4<-tm_map(docs4, stemDocument)
View(docs4)
dtm4<-TermDocumentMatrix(docs4)
m4<-as.matrix(dtm4)
v4<-sort(rowSums(m4), decreasing = TRUE)
d4<-data.frame(word=names(v4), freq=v4)
head(d4, 10)
set.seed(2000)
```
Word Clouds {data-orientation=columns}
=====================================
Column
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
### ND
```{r}
wordcloud(words=d$word, freq=d$freq, min.freq=1, max.words=50, rot.per=0.35,
random.order = FALSE,
colors=brewer.pal(8, "Dark2"))
```
### RI
```{r}
wordcloud(words=d2$word, freq=d2$freq, min.freq=1, max.words=50, rot.per=0.35,
random.order = FALSE,
colors=brewer.pal(8, "Dark2"))
```
More Word Clouds {data-orientation=columns}
=====================================
Column
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
### SD
```{r}
wordcloud(words=d3$word, freq=d3$freq, min.freq=1, max.words=50, rot.per=0.35,
random.order = FALSE,
colors=brewer.pal(8, "Dark2"))
```
### UT
```{r}
wordcloud(words=d4$word, freq=d4$freq, min.freq=1, max.words=50, rot.per=0.35,
random.order = FALSE,
colors=brewer.pal(8, "Dark2"))
```
Conclusion {data-orientation=columns}
=====================================
Column
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
### Analysis
When it came to the emotions from the headlines of the news sources, all of the emotions were present. There was some "anticipation" present, perhaps due to the vaccination now being available and they are hopeful that life will gain a bit more normality. As well as it being Mother's Day, and the celebrations being held for that. It cannot all be bad news, as there was quite a bit of positive language pulled from the websites. Perhaps in response to vaccinations or Mother's Day, but there could be plenty of other reasons for that. However, there was a fair amount of negativity present, as is the standard when reading the news, whether it be from death or crime. Unsurprisingly, there was also quite a bit of fear, which could again be caused by a number of things. What primarily comes to mind is the pandemic, as well as crimes being committed and unfortunate incidents taking place.
It may come as no surprise that a certain buzzword that all four word clouds share in common is "COVID" or "Coronavirus". Since this has been the big news for the last year, especially since these states are suffering from a rise in cases, there is obviously going to be a huge focus on it. Vaccinations were also mentioned here and there, but not as much as I was expecting. I thought there would be a higher frequency of that word being used. Since the headlines for these word clouds were pulled on May 9th, that is the reason why there is such a big emphasis on "mother" and "mom".
### Sources
This project made use of the *NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon*, created by Saif M. Mohammad and Peter D. Turney at the National Research Council Canada. [Click here for more information.](http://saifmohammad.com/WebPages/lexicons.html)
Crowdsourcing a Word-Emotion Association Lexicon, Saif Mohammad and Peter Turney, *Computational Intelligence*, 29 (3), 436-465, 2013.
Emotions Evoked by Common Words and Phrases: Using Mechanical Turk to Create an Emotion Lexicon, Saif Mohammad and Peter Turney, In *Proceedings of the NAACL-HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text*, June 2010, LA, California.
### Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my *Unsupervised Machine Learning* professor, [Armando E. Rodriguez, Ph.D.](https://www.newhaven.edu/faculty-staff-profiles/armando-rodriguez.php), for teaching me how to complete an emotional text analysis using R.
As well as my *Data Visualization and Communication* professor, Gazi M. Duman, Ph.D., for teaching me how to create flexdashboards and wordclouds.