Census data was acquired via the United States Census Bureau’s APIs. In this analyses we pull data from the 5-year American Community Census Data Profiles data.
This document outlines how to obtain the data from the API using R and the required information to do so successfully. Additionally, we pulled county-level hospital data from American Hospital Association data. Currently have set all counties with NA for hospital as None for ICU beds.
#bring in 3 versions county hospital data
# From Erin
aha_acs_aspatial <- readRDS("C:/Users/jkempke/OneDrive - Emory University/AHA Critical Care Areas/Data/prepared_data/aha_acs_aspatial.Rds")
#Jordan averaged over 2016 to 2018
aha2016_2018.4 <- readRDS("C:/Users/jkempke/OneDrive - Emory University/AHA Critical Care Areas/Data/prepared_data/aha2016_2018.4.Rds" )
#Jordan, just 2018
aha2018.4 <- readRDS("C:/Users/jkempke/OneDrive - Emory University/AHA Critical Care Areas/Data/prepared_data/aha2018.4.Rds" )
Sign up for an API key here.
censusapi
Then, if you’re on a non-shared computer, add your Census API key to your .Renviron profile and call it CENSUS_KEY. The censusapi
package, if you use this, will use it by default without any extra work on your part. Within R run:
# Add key to .Renviron
Sys.setenv(CENSUS_KEY= "<YOURKEYHERE>")
# Reload .Renviron
readRenviron("~/.Renviron")
# Check to see that the expected key is output in your R console
Sys.getenv("CENSUS_KEY")
tidycensus
Need to define a sys env var called “CENSUS_API_KEY”
If you are on a shared computer (e.g. a library or school computer), you may not want to put your key in your .Renviron profile. For censusapi
, you can specify your key within getCensus
instead.
censusapi
censusapi
is a wrapper for the United States Census Bureau’s APIs. This package is designed to get data from all those APIs using the same main function — getCensus
— and the same syntax for each dataset.
censusapi
generally uses the APIs’ original parameter names so that users can easily transition between Census’s documentation and examples and this package. It also includes metadata functions to return data frames of available APIs, variables, and geographies.
#get a variable table
acs5_2018 <- load_variables(2018, "acs5", cache = TRUE)
#view and search table
#View(acs5_2018)
I created a list of desired variables by searching through Census data tables on there website. In this particular analyses I specifically search through the variable 2018 Data Profiles data. I created config file of variable ACS names and their labels to be used below.
names <- read.csv("C:/Users/jkempke/Documents/GitHub/aha_cc_resources/prep_data/acs_data/config.csv", header = T)
#Bring in config file with new variable names and labels
#This will be used to create a labels list now and rename variables later.
# turn labels into list object.
# pre-allocate a list and fill it with human-readable var names a loop
acs.labels.list <- vector("list", nrow(names))
for (i in 1:nrow(names)) {
acs.labels.list[[i]] <- names[i,2]
}
#name elements using var name
acs.labels.list <- setNames(acs.labels.list, names[,1])
Below are some resources that proved helpful in using the Census API
# all population characteristics
acs0 <- get_acs(geography = "county",
variables = c(
"DP05_0001E", #Total pop
"DP05_0021E", # total pop 18+
"DP05_0021PE", # %pop 18+
"DP05_0024PE", # %pop 65%
"DP05_0019PE", # %pop < 18
"DP05_0003P", # %female
"DP05_0037PE", # %White
"DP05_0038PE", # %Black
"DP05_0039PE", # %AI/AN
"DP05_0044PE", # %Asian
"DP05_0052PE", # %NH/PI
"DP05_0057PE", # %Other
"DP05_0058PE", # 2+ races
"DP05_0071PE", # %Hispanic
"DP02_0059PE", # %25yr+ and <9th grade
"DP02_0066PE", # %25yr+ and at least HS graduate
"DP03_0027PE", # %16yr+ white collar jobs
"DP03_0099PE", # %wo health insurance
"DP03_0088E", # $per capita income
"DP03_0086E", # $median family income
"DP03_0062E", # $mean household income
"DP03_0052PE", # %household income <10K
"DP03_0053PE", # %household income 10-14K
"DP03_0054PE", # %household income 15-24K
"DP03_0055PE", # %household income 25-34K
"DP03_0056PE", # %household income 35-49K
"DP03_0057PE", # %household income 50-74K
"DP03_0058PE", # %household income 75-99K
"DP03_0059PE", # %household income 100-149K
"DP03_0060PE", # %household income 150-199K
"DP03_0061PE", # %household income 200K+
"DP04_0089E", # $Median home value
"DP04_0109E", # $Median rent
"DP04_0101E", # $Median mortgage
"DP04_0046PE", # %owner occupied
"DP03_0005PE", # %civilian labor force 16yr+ unemployed
"DP03_0119PE", # % families below poverty
"DP03_0128PE", # % individuals below poverty
"DP02_0007PE", # % male single parent family
"DP02_0009PE", # % female single parent family
"DP04_0058PE", # % households no car
"DP04_0075PE", # % households no phone service (inc cell)
"DP04_0073PE", # % households no plumbing
"DP04_0077PE", # % households 1 or less people per room
"DP05_0024PE", # % 65yr+
"DP05_0019PE", # % < 18yr
"DP02_0071PE", # % with a disability
"DP02_0113PE", # % 5yr+ speak English < very well
"DP04_0009PE", # % houses 2 units
"DP04_0010PE", # % houses 3-4 units
"DP04_0011PE", # % houses 5-9 units
"DP04_0012PE", # % houses 10-19 units
"DP04_0013PE", # % houses 20+ units
"DP04_0014PE", # % mobile homes
"DP02_0151PE" # % houses with computer
),
year = 2018,
survey = "acs5",
geometry = FALSE
)
acs1 <- left_join(acs0, names, by = "variable")
acs2 <- pivot_wider(acs1, id_cols = c(GEOID, NAME), names_from = name, values_from = estimate)
## Population characteristics that need wrangling
# % Minority - the complement of %White
acs3 <- acs2 %>%
group_by(NAME) %>%
mutate(
over50k = sum(perc.house.50_74k,
perc.house.75_99k,
perc.house.100_149k,
perc.house.150_199k,
perc.house.ge.200k), #Income disparity, create %under 50K
perc.singleparent = sum(perc.fam.singlemale,
perc.fam.singlefemale),# single parent households - add up male and female single parent homes
perc.multiunithouse = sum(perc.house.2unit,
perc.house.3_4unit,
perc.house.5_9unit,
perc.house.10_19unit,
perc.house.ge.20unit)#Multi unit housing, sum % of all relevant categories
)%>%
ungroup()%>%
mutate(
perc.minority = (100-perc.white), # % Minority - the complement of %White
perc.l.highschool = (100-perc.ge.highschool),# less than HS diploma - complement of %25yr+ and at least HS graduate
perc.house.g.1perroom = (100-perc.house.le.1perroom), # Houses >1 person per room - complement of 1 or less person per room
income.disparity = log(100*perc.house.l.10k/over50k),# Income disparity=log of 100 x ratio <10K/>50K
total.thousands = total/1000,#simple division for presentation
mean.indi.income.thousands = mean.indi.income/1000,
median.fam.income.thousands = median.fam.income/1000,
median.house.income.thousands = median.house.income/1000,
median.house.value.thousands = median.house.value/1000,
median.mortgage.thousands = median.mortgage/1000)
#Join with hospital data
#Dichotomize each adult_icubeds_per1k at median from Jordan's versions
final.0 <- left_join(acs3, aha_acs_aspatial, by = "GEOID")
final.0 <- final.0 %>%
mutate(adult_icubeds_per1k_median =
if_else(is.na(adult_icubeds_per1k) == T, "None",
if_else(adult_icubeds_per1k<0.17, "low",
if_else(adult_icubeds_per1k >= 0.17, "high",
NA_character_))))
final.1 <- left_join(acs3, aha2016_2018.4, by = "GEOID")
final.1 <- final.1 %>%
mutate(adult_icubeds_per1k = 1000*mean.adult.icu.beds/total.ge.18,
adult_icubeds_per1k_median =
if_else(is.na(adult_icubeds_per1k) == T, "None",
if_else(percent.missing>0, "unreliable",
if_else(adult_icubeds_per1k<0.17, "low",
if_else(adult_icubeds_per1k >= 0.17, "high",
NA_character_)))))
final.2 <- left_join(acs3, aha2018.4, by = "GEOID")
final.2 <- final.2 %>%
mutate(adult_icubeds_per1k = 1000*adult.icu.beds/total.ge.18,
adult_icubeds_per1k_median =
if_else(is.na(adult_icubeds_per1k) == T, "None",
if_else(percent.missing>0, "unreliable",
if_else(adult_icubeds_per1k<0.17, "low",
if_else(adult_icubeds_per1k >= 0.17, "high",
NA_character_)))))
Here we describe national-level summary of county characteristics. We have excluded counties with less than 1000 persons.
Overall (N=3184) | |
---|---|
adult_icubeds_per1k | |
- Min | 0.0 |
- Max | 14.2 |
- Mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.5) |
- Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) |
Difference here is that Jordan’s method introduces more zeroes where there were NAs.
Overall (N=3184) | |
---|---|
adult_icubeds_per1k | |
- Min | 0.0 |
- Max | 14.2 |
- Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.4) |
- Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.3) |
Overall (N=3184) | |
---|---|
adult_icubeds_per1k | |
- Min | 0.0 |
- Max | 14.2 |
- Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.4) |
- Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.3) |
Here we describe county-level characteristics by per capita density of ICU beds. Specifically we dichotomize the number of Adult ICU beds per 1000 adults at the national median of 0.17 Adult beds per 1000 adults which was the median in Jordan’s data (from Erin’s data median 0.25). We have excluded counties with less than 1000 persons.
high (N=1036) | low (N=371) | None (N=1777) | Total (N=3184) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total population, thousands | ||||
- Mean (SD) | 210.7 (517.3) | 184.7 (317.4) | 22.2 (30.3) | 102.5 (327.8) |
- Range | 1.3 - 10098.1 | 11.1 - 2600.7 | 1.1 - 455.1 | 1.1 - 10098.1 |
This is just with 2018 AHA data. I also created a category of “unreliable”. Counties where the percent of general hospitals with no survey response 2018 was greater than zero I marked county statistics as unreliable.
high (N=837) | low (N=868) | None (N=707) | unreliable (N=772) | Total (N=3184) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population, thousands | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 118.5 (202.0) | 45.9 (78.7) | 18.2 (20.9) | 225.9 (605.2) | 102.5 (327.8) |
- Range | 1.3 - 2020.0 | 1.2 - 827.6 | 1.1 - 209.1 | 1.1 - 10098.1 | 1.1 - 10098.1 |
Here, I average the ICU bed totals for each hospital 0ver 2016 to 2018. I also created a category of “unreliable”. For this, I categorized each hospital by whether they had any AHA survey response over the 3 years. Counties where the percent of general hospitals with no survey response over 3 years was greater than zero I marked county statistics as unreliable.
high (N=985) | low (N=1014) | None (N=687) | unreliable (N=498) | Total (N=3184) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population, thousands | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 127.5 (218.0) | 46.7 (105.7) | 17.9 (20.6) | 283.2 (721.4) | 102.5 (327.8) |
- Range | 1.3 - 2020.0 | 1.1 - 2298.5 | 1.1 - 209.1 | 1.9 - 10098.1 | 1.1 - 10098.1 |
high (N=985) | low (N=1014) | None (N=723) | unreliable (N=498) | Total (N=3220) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population, thousands | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 127.5 (218.0) | 46.7 (105.7) | 17.0 (20.4) | 283.2 (721.4) | 101.3 (326.1) |
- Range | 1.3 - 2020.0 | 1.1 - 2298.5 | 0.1 - 209.1 | 1.9 - 10098.1 | 0.1 - 10098.1 |
Population 18+, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 77.7 (2.9) | 77.4 (3.5) | 78.4 (4.0) | 77.2 (3.4) | 77.7 (3.5) |
- Range | 65.9 - 87.5 | 63.6 - 87.4 | 59.5 - 94.7 | 59.7 - 86.6 | 59.5 - 94.7 |
Persons 65+, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 17.6 (4.0) | 18.7 (4.4) | 19.7 (5.0) | 17.2 (4.6) | 18.4 (4.5) |
- Range | 7.9 - 39.0 | 6.4 - 35.9 | 5.6 - 55.6 | 3.8 - 37.9 | 3.8 - 55.6 |
Female, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 50.5 (1.7) | 49.7 (2.3) | 49.5 (3.2) | 50.2 (2.1) | 50.0 (2.4) |
- Range | 37.1 - 55.1 | 33.7 - 55.7 | 21.0 - 58.6 | 33.4 - 56.0 | 21.0 - 58.6 |
White, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 82.7 (14.8) | 85.9 (15.2) | 82.0 (19.8) | 76.8 (19.1) | 82.6 (17.1) |
- Range | 17.3 - 99.1 | 11.0 - 99.9 | 3.9 - 100.0 | 9.4 - 99.2 | 3.9 - 100.0 |
Black, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 10.0 (13.9) | 6.8 (13.2) | 9.8 (16.3) | 11.0 (15.3) | 9.1 (14.6) |
- Range | 0.0 - 77.5 | 0.0 - 87.4 | 0.0 - 82.6 | 0.0 - 72.3 | 0.0 - 87.4 |
Asian, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 1.6 (2.2) | 1.0 (2.0) | 0.7 (2.4) | 2.4 (4.7) | 1.3 (2.8) |
- Range | 0.0 - 23.9 | 0.0 - 28.1 | 0.0 - 40.0 | 0.0 - 42.5 | 0.0 - 42.5 |
American Indian/Alaskan Native, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 1.1 (3.3) | 1.9 (6.6) | 2.2 (9.8) | 3.3 (11.2) | 1.9 (7.6) |
- Range | 0.0 - 42.0 | 0.0 - 82.7 | 0.0 - 92.5 | 0.0 - 83.7 | 0.0 - 92.5 |
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.2 (1.0) | 0.1 (0.6) |
- Range | 0.0 - 1.4 | 0.0 - 1.4 | 0.0 - 25.3 | 0.0 - 12.4 | 0.0 - 25.3 |
Other Race, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 2.1 (3.4) | 2.1 (4.3) | 3.0 (7.7) | 3.3 (5.6) | 2.5 (5.2) |
- Range | 0.0 - 38.8 | 0.0 - 57.0 | 0.0 - 69.4 | 0.0 - 65.7 | 0.0 - 69.4 |
2+ Races, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.6) | 2.3 (1.9) | 2.2 (2.7) | 3.0 (2.8) | 2.4 (2.2) |
- Range | 0.0 - 19.7 | 0.0 - 19.0 | 0.0 - 32.1 | 0.0 - 28.7 | 0.0 - 32.1 |
Any racial minority, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 17.3 (14.8) | 14.1 (15.2) | 18.0 (19.8) | 23.2 (19.1) | 17.4 (17.1) |
- Range | 0.9 - 82.7 | 0.1 - 89.0 | 0.0 - 96.1 | 0.8 - 90.6 | 0.0 - 96.1 |
Hispanic, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 9.6 (14.4) | 9.6 (14.2) | 15.2 (28.4) | 13.4 (19.9) | 11.4 (19.4) |
- Range | 0.0 - 99.7 | 0.1 - 99.1 | 0.0 - 100.0 | 0.1 - 99.6 | 0.0 - 100.0 |
Mean individual income, $1000 | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 27.5 (6.5) | 27.0 (6.2) | 24.5 (7.6) | 27.3 (7.5) | 26.6 (6.9) |
- Range | 8.3 - 72.8 | 13.2 - 69.3 | 6.0 - 69.8 | 8.6 - 64.2 | 6.0 - 72.8 |
Median family income, $1000 | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 64.7 (15.5) | 64.7 (15.7) | 57.9 (18.5) | 64.1 (18.1) | 63.1 (16.9) |
- Range | 19.5 - 154.2 | 21.8 - 153.5 | 14.4 - 178.5 | 17.7 - 140.4 | 14.4 - 178.5 |
Median household income, $1000 | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 51.5 (12.9) | 52.4 (13.9) | 46.8 (15.6) | 51.9 (15.6) | 50.8 (14.5) |
- Range | 15.0 - 117.4 | 20.2 - 136.3 | 12.8 - 124.8 | 14.1 - 121.1 | 12.8 - 136.3 |
Income Disparity | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.6) | -Inf (NaN) | 2.7 (0.8) | -Inf (NaN) |
- Range | 0.8 - 5.9 | 0.3 - 4.8 | -Inf - 7.3 | 0.8 - 5.9 | -Inf - 7.3 |
Population below poverty level, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 16.0 (6.2) | 14.7 (6.2) | 18.7 (11.8) | 17.2 (8.2) | 16.4 (8.2) |
- Range | 3.5 - 52.2 | 2.3 - 49.7 | 2.6 - 64.2 | 3.7 - 57.2 | 2.3 - 64.2 |
Families below poverty level, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 11.5 (5.7) | 10.5 (5.4) | 14.4 (11.4) | 12.8 (7.6) | 12.0 (7.7) |
- Range | 0.4 - 48.7 | 0.7 - 42.7 | 0.0 - 60.8 | 1.8 - 53.8 | 0.0 - 60.8 |
Owner-occupied housing units, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 68.8 (7.7) | 73.8 (6.3) | 74.4 (8.3) | 67.3 (9.4) | 71.4 (8.2) |
- Range | 19.6 - 84.0 | 43.1 - 89.7 | 4.3 - 92.4 | 26.0 - 84.2 | 4.3 - 92.4 |
Median home value, $1000 | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
- Mean (SD) | 155.1 (86.2) | 140.2 (85.2) | 125.8 (67.5) | 169.9 (119.4) | 146.1 (89.4) |
- Range | 33.8 - 944.6 | 34.1 - 1056.5 | 20.7 - 757.3 | 33.5 - 1009.5 | 20.7 - 1056.5 |
Median monthly mortgage, $1000 | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
- Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) |
- Range | 0.7 - 3.4 | 0.7 - 3.5 | 0.6 - 3.3 | 0.7 - 3.5 | 0.6 - 3.5 |
Median gross rent, $ | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 438.6 (131.7) | 423.1 (103.5) | 370.1 (105.4) | 437.1 (153.9) | 418.1 (124.6) |
- Range | 119.0 - 1426.0 | 192.0 - 1161.0 | 102.0 - 1171.0 | 127.0 - 1360.0 | 102.0 - 1426.0 |
Households without a motor vehicle, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 6.9 (3.9) | 5.6 (3.4) | 6.7 (5.8) | 7.7 (6.1) | 6.6 (4.7) |
- Range | 1.3 - 77.0 | 0.0 - 56.5 | 0.0 - 87.8 | 0.7 - 65.7 | 0.0 - 87.8 |
Households without a telephone, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
- Mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.9) | 2.7 (2.2) | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.7) |
- Range | 0.0 - 11.4 | 0.0 - 27.9 | 0.0 - 21.9 | 0.0 - 12.1 | 0.0 - 27.9 |
Households without computer, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 84.7 (6.0) | 83.5 (6.5) | 80.8 (7.9) | 84.4 (7.3) | 83.4 (6.9) |
- Range | 50.4 - 98.0 | 50.7 - 97.0 | 38.3 - 98.6 | 39.7 - 97.2 | 38.3 - 98.6 |
Housing units without complete plumbing, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.6 (1.3) | 0.9 (2.1) | 0.7 (1.6) | 0.7 (1.4) |
- Range | 0.0 - 6.8 | 0.0 - 34.8 | 0.0 - 35.4 | 0.0 - 22.2 | 0.0 - 35.4 |
Without health insurance, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 9.5 (4.2) | 10.1 (5.3) | 10.5 (5.9) | 9.9 (5.0) | 10.0 (5.1) |
- Range | 2.0 - 35.4 | 1.8 - 39.5 | 1.7 - 45.6 | 2.0 - 38.2 | 1.7 - 45.6 |
Population 25+ with < 9 years of education, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 4.7 (3.1) | 5.0 (3.9) | 5.5 (4.2) | 5.0 (3.1) | 5.0 (3.6) |
- Range | 0.5 - 26.4 | 0.5 - 35.1 | 0.0 - 39.6 | 0.6 - 24.8 | 0.0 - 39.6 |
Population 25+ with < high school diploma, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 12.7 (5.6) | 13.2 (6.5) | 14.8 (7.2) | 13.3 (5.7) | 13.4 (6.3) |
- Range | 2.0 - 40.3 | 2.8 - 48.5 | 1.2 - 66.3 | 3.3 - 35.4 | 1.2 - 66.3 |
Population 25+ with at least high school diploma, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 87.3 (5.6) | 86.8 (6.5) | 85.2 (7.2) | 86.7 (5.7) | 86.6 (6.3) |
- Range | 59.7 - 98.0 | 51.5 - 97.2 | 33.7 - 98.8 | 64.6 - 96.7 | 33.7 - 98.8 |
Employed persons 16+ in white collar occupations, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 32.5 (6.3) | 31.6 (6.4) | 30.4 (7.1) | 33.0 (6.7) | 31.8 (6.6) |
- Range | 13.7 - 69.2 | 14.5 - 60.7 | 11.8 - 68.0 | 17.1 - 62.3 | 11.8 - 69.2 |
Civilian labor force population16+ unemployed, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
- Mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.4) | 3.5 (2.4) | 3.7 (1.7) | 3.4 (1.7) |
- Range | 0.2 - 10.2 | 0.0 - 15.0 | 0.0 - 16.5 | 0.4 - 14.9 | 0.0 - 16.5 |
Civilian population not in an institution, 5+ and with a disability, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 15.5 (3.9) | 15.8 (4.4) | 17.3 (4.9) | 15.1 (4.1) | 15.9 (4.4) |
- Range | 3.8 - 32.6 | 4.3 - 31.6 | 5.1 - 33.6 | 6.9 - 33.7 | 3.8 - 33.7 |
Individuals speak English < “very well”, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 3.4 (4.3) | 3.2 (4.4) | 2.7 (5.2) | 4.6 (5.5) | 3.4 (4.8) |
- Range | 0.0 - 37.6 | 0.0 - 47.7 | 0.0 - 48.8 | 0.0 - 34.8 | 0.0 - 48.8 |
Single-parent households with children <18, % | |||||
- N-Miss | 6 | 0 | 58 | 14 | 78 |
- Mean (SD) | 8.8 (2.2) | 7.9 (2.5) | 7.6 (3.4) | 9.0 (2.8) | 8.3 (2.8) |
- Range | 2.9 - 19.1 | 0.0 - 21.4 | 0.0 - 25.6 | 1.5 - 25.5 | 0.0 - 25.6 |
Households > 1 person per room, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.3 (2.1) | 2.5 (3.0) | 3.0 (3.3) | 2.4 (2.4) |
- Range | 0.0 - 12.6 | 0.0 - 35.4 | 0.0 - 49.3 | 0.0 - 35.8 | 0.0 - 49.3 |
Population in multi-unit housing, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 16.4 (9.5) | 10.3 (6.5) | 7.5 (6.6) | 17.4 (12.3) | 12.6 (9.4) |
- Range | 3.5 - 98.0 | 0.1 - 72.3 | 0.0 - 61.6 | 1.3 - 86.1 | 0.0 - 98.0 |
Mobile homes, % | |||||
- Mean (SD) | 10.9 (8.2) | 12.7 (9.0) | 15.7 (11.4) | 11.3 (10.0) | 12.6 (9.7) |
- Range | 0.0 - 43.4 | 0.1 - 51.8 | 0.0 - 59.3 | 0.1 - 52.6 | 0.0 - 59.3 |