Ejercicio 1Numeral 1
options(scipen = 99999999)
load("C:/Users/USUARIO/Downloads/modelo_ventas (1).RData")
matriz_x<-model.matrix(modelo_ventas)
matriz_xx<-t(matriz_x)%*%matriz_x
# calculo de la matriz A
matriz_A<-solve(matriz_xx)%*%t(matriz_x)
#matriz p
matriz_P<-matriz_x%*%matriz_A
#matriz M
n<-nrow(matriz_P)
matriz_M<-diag(n)-matriz_P
matriz_A[1:4,1:4]## 1 2 3 4
## (Intercept) -0.01128647020 0.01410377973 0.0350639188 0.0004283381
## tv -0.00006704103 0.00003094914 -0.0006120193 -0.0002120642
## periodico 0.00139818182 -0.00190724690 -0.0025468816 0.0002293243
## radio -0.00058002134 0.00064866654 -0.0001093284 -0.0001899710matriz_P[1:4,1:4]## 1 2 3 4
## 1 0.03181459 0.00370346 0.01758786 0.02250872
## 2 0.00370346 0.02460480 0.03447285 0.01212022
## 3 0.01758786 0.03447285 0.06766822 0.02641047
## 4 0.02250872 0.01212022 0.02641047 0.02031981matriz_M[1:4,1:4]## 1 2 3 4
## 1 0.96818541 -0.00370346 -0.01758786 -0.02250872
## 2 -0.00370346 0.97539520 -0.03447285 -0.01212022
## 3 -0.01758786 -0.03447285 0.93233178 -0.02641047
## 4 -0.02250872 -0.01212022 -0.02641047 0.97968019Numeral 2
library(magrittr)## Warning: package 'magrittr' was built under R version 4.0.5Residuos_estimados<-matriz_M%*%modelo_ventas$model$ventas
comparativo<-as.data.frame(cbind(Residuos_estimados,modelo_ventas$residuals))
names(comparativo)<-c("Residuos_estimados","modelo_ventas$residuals")
head(comparativo,n=10)## Residuos_estimados modelo_ventas$residuals
## 1 -15.933072 -15.933072
## 2 19.334106 19.334106
## 3 38.016384 38.016384
## 4 -15.426419 -15.426419
## 5 5.158145 5.158145
## 6 80.216933 80.216933
## 7 -16.348831 -16.348831
## 8 -22.894376 -22.894376
## 9 -34.402629 -34.402629
## 10 46.088670 46.088670Numeral 3
eigen(x= matriz_xx, symmetric = TRUE)->descomposicion
auto_valores<-descomposicion$values
print(auto_valores)## [1] 311421698.6388 70252.5341 40973.4590 3714.3627 12.7735print(auto_valores>0)## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUEEjercicio 2 numeral 1
#mostrar todos los decimales
options(scipen = 99999999)
load("C:/Users/USUARIO/Desktop/practicas econometria de guia/datos_cajas.RData")
#Estimando el modelo_cajas
modelo_cajas<-lm(formula= Tiempo~Distancia+N_cajas,data=datos_cajas)
#Salida normal de R, no solicitan formato APA
summary(modelo_cajas)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Tiempo ~ Distancia + N_cajas, data = datos_cajas)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -9.2716 -0.5405 0.5212 1.4051 2.9381
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2.3112 5.8573 0.395 0.70007
## Distancia 0.4559 0.1468 3.107 0.00908 **
## N_cajas 0.8772 0.1530 5.732 0.0000943 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 3.141 on 12 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.7368, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6929
## F-statistic: 16.8 on 2 and 12 DF, p-value: 0.0003325numeral 2 calculo de la matriz A,P & M
#extrayendo la matriz x
matriz_x<-model.matrix(modelo_cajas
)
matriz_xx<-t(matriz_x)%*%matriz_x
# calculo de la matriz A
matriz_A<-solve(t(matriz_x)%*%matriz_x)%*%t(matriz_x)
print(matriz_A)## 1 2 3 4 5
## (Intercept) 0.459747079 0.505626389 -0.317731768 0.707001469 0.053149816
## Distancia -0.003015297 -0.009318829 0.018819615 -0.019989342 -0.006641453
## N_cajas -0.017147338 -0.009890695 -0.007919488 -0.004479623 0.011082085
## 6 7 8 9 10
## (Intercept) -0.166576988 0.633594572 -0.125532551 0.1260628274 -0.90735239
## Distancia 0.006550474 -0.009903692 0.009409808 0.0003379213 0.02334256
## N_cajas 0.002768355 -0.016090251 -0.003959744 -0.0038254420 0.01780152
## 11 12 13 14 15
## (Intercept) 0.277217608 0.368482344 0.487274665 -0.3674581822 -0.73350489
## Distancia -0.011931220 -0.007473259 -0.006797416 0.0001559637 0.01645417
## N_cajas 0.006862401 -0.005142468 -0.012793352 0.0238754370 0.01885861#matriz p
matriz_P<-matriz_x%*%matriz_A
print(matriz_P)## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1 0.19781478 0.127154573 0.16766180 0.062524965 -0.03527291 0.057620774
## 2 0.12715457 0.124295239 0.03396629 0.140073563 0.05334477 0.038710181
## 3 0.16766180 0.033966286 0.35585795 -0.137368460 -0.10168744 0.123125512
## 4 0.06252497 0.140073563 -0.13736846 0.257600846 0.15524536 0.006698639
## 5 -0.03527291 0.053344771 -0.10168744 0.155245361 0.18408997 0.046742309
## 6 0.05762077 0.038710181 0.12312551 0.006698639 0.04674231 0.086318088
## 7 0.17558129 0.144648497 0.07654437 0.133523089 0.01345706 0.036955589
## 8 0.11716423 0.050316476 0.21126231 -0.035350897 -0.01751039 0.094896089
## 9 0.09794605 0.077129229 0.10132526 0.055636570 0.03786105 0.067680430
## 10 -0.02906036 -0.056765574 0.20436525 -0.131155907 0.05122193 0.136694350
## 11 -0.01209498 0.081873124 -0.13140718 0.199703669 0.18629079 0.030873007
## 12 0.09285990 0.104513848 0.01812731 0.131114317 0.07550894 0.044246890
## 13 0.15541865 0.125438973 0.08744449 0.109054124 0.01789770 0.046274418
## 14 -0.12402490 -0.005427535 -0.12246527 0.112857904 0.23285894 0.067134558
## 15 -0.05129385 -0.039271650 0.11324781 -0.060157783 0.09995191 0.116029165
## 7 8 9 10 11 12
## 1 0.17558129 0.11716423 0.09794605 -0.02906036 -0.01209498 0.092859897
## 2 0.14464850 0.05031648 0.07712923 -0.05676557 0.08187312 0.104513848
## 3 0.07654437 0.21126231 0.10132526 0.20436525 -0.13140718 0.018127310
## 4 0.13352309 -0.03535090 0.05563657 -0.13115591 0.19970367 0.131114317
## 5 0.01345706 -0.01751039 0.03786105 0.05122193 0.18629079 0.075508940
## 6 0.03695559 0.09489609 0.06768043 0.13669435 0.03087301 0.044246890
## 7 0.18301556 0.07160552 0.08894348 -0.08682757 0.04935470 0.112467995
## 8 0.07160552 0.13896449 0.08399596 0.13551596 -0.03237026 0.042396988
## 9 0.08894348 0.08399596 0.07465547 0.05440619 0.04101064 0.069478345
## 10 -0.08682757 0.13551596 0.05440619 0.34795579 -0.01326471 -0.021162536
## 11 0.04935470 -0.03237026 0.04101064 -0.01326471 0.20329083 0.095597926
## 12 0.11246799 0.04239699 0.06947834 -0.02116254 0.09559793 0.094228911
## 13 0.15702161 0.07705558 0.08545596 -0.04568349 0.04428588 0.099852268
## 14 -0.07689788 -0.02789930 0.01907176 0.16357209 0.20867158 0.042323339
## 15 -0.07939330 0.08995724 0.04540362 0.29018859 0.04818497 -0.001554438
## 13 14 15
## 1 0.15541865 -0.124024902 -0.051293849
## 2 0.12543897 -0.005427535 -0.039271650
## 3 0.08744449 -0.122465266 0.113247813
## 4 0.10905412 0.112857904 -0.060157783
## 5 0.01789770 0.232858944 0.099951911
## 6 0.04627442 0.067134558 0.116029165
## 7 0.15702161 -0.076897883 -0.079393301
## 8 0.07705558 -0.027899299 0.089957240
## 9 0.08545596 0.019071756 0.045403621
## 10 -0.04568349 0.163572088 0.290188586
## 11 0.04428588 0.208671580 0.048184973
## 12 0.09985227 0.042323339 -0.001554438
## 13 0.13743085 -0.052866482 -0.044080529
## 14 -0.05286648 0.352392093 0.210699107
## 15 -0.04408053 0.210699107 0.262089133#matriz M
matriz_M<-diag(15)-matriz_P
#
matriz_A## 1 2 3 4 5
## (Intercept) 0.459747079 0.505626389 -0.317731768 0.707001469 0.053149816
## Distancia -0.003015297 -0.009318829 0.018819615 -0.019989342 -0.006641453
## N_cajas -0.017147338 -0.009890695 -0.007919488 -0.004479623 0.011082085
## 6 7 8 9 10
## (Intercept) -0.166576988 0.633594572 -0.125532551 0.1260628274 -0.90735239
## Distancia 0.006550474 -0.009903692 0.009409808 0.0003379213 0.02334256
## N_cajas 0.002768355 -0.016090251 -0.003959744 -0.0038254420 0.01780152
## 11 12 13 14 15
## (Intercept) 0.277217608 0.368482344 0.487274665 -0.3674581822 -0.73350489
## Distancia -0.011931220 -0.007473259 -0.006797416 0.0001559637 0.01645417
## N_cajas 0.006862401 -0.005142468 -0.012793352 0.0238754370 0.01885861matriz_M<-diag(15)-matriz_P
#
matriz_A## 1 2 3 4 5
## (Intercept) 0.459747079 0.505626389 -0.317731768 0.707001469 0.053149816
## Distancia -0.003015297 -0.009318829 0.018819615 -0.019989342 -0.006641453
## N_cajas -0.017147338 -0.009890695 -0.007919488 -0.004479623 0.011082085
## 6 7 8 9 10
## (Intercept) -0.166576988 0.633594572 -0.125532551 0.1260628274 -0.90735239
## Distancia 0.006550474 -0.009903692 0.009409808 0.0003379213 0.02334256
## N_cajas 0.002768355 -0.016090251 -0.003959744 -0.0038254420 0.01780152
## 11 12 13 14 15
## (Intercept) 0.277217608 0.368482344 0.487274665 -0.3674581822 -0.73350489
## Distancia -0.011931220 -0.007473259 -0.006797416 0.0001559637 0.01645417
## N_cajas 0.006862401 -0.005142468 -0.012793352 0.0238754370 0.01885861#
matriz_P## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1 0.19781478 0.127154573 0.16766180 0.062524965 -0.03527291 0.057620774
## 2 0.12715457 0.124295239 0.03396629 0.140073563 0.05334477 0.038710181
## 3 0.16766180 0.033966286 0.35585795 -0.137368460 -0.10168744 0.123125512
## 4 0.06252497 0.140073563 -0.13736846 0.257600846 0.15524536 0.006698639
## 5 -0.03527291 0.053344771 -0.10168744 0.155245361 0.18408997 0.046742309
## 6 0.05762077 0.038710181 0.12312551 0.006698639 0.04674231 0.086318088
## 7 0.17558129 0.144648497 0.07654437 0.133523089 0.01345706 0.036955589
## 8 0.11716423 0.050316476 0.21126231 -0.035350897 -0.01751039 0.094896089
## 9 0.09794605 0.077129229 0.10132526 0.055636570 0.03786105 0.067680430
## 10 -0.02906036 -0.056765574 0.20436525 -0.131155907 0.05122193 0.136694350
## 11 -0.01209498 0.081873124 -0.13140718 0.199703669 0.18629079 0.030873007
## 12 0.09285990 0.104513848 0.01812731 0.131114317 0.07550894 0.044246890
## 13 0.15541865 0.125438973 0.08744449 0.109054124 0.01789770 0.046274418
## 14 -0.12402490 -0.005427535 -0.12246527 0.112857904 0.23285894 0.067134558
## 15 -0.05129385 -0.039271650 0.11324781 -0.060157783 0.09995191 0.116029165
## 7 8 9 10 11 12
## 1 0.17558129 0.11716423 0.09794605 -0.02906036 -0.01209498 0.092859897
## 2 0.14464850 0.05031648 0.07712923 -0.05676557 0.08187312 0.104513848
## 3 0.07654437 0.21126231 0.10132526 0.20436525 -0.13140718 0.018127310
## 4 0.13352309 -0.03535090 0.05563657 -0.13115591 0.19970367 0.131114317
## 5 0.01345706 -0.01751039 0.03786105 0.05122193 0.18629079 0.075508940
## 6 0.03695559 0.09489609 0.06768043 0.13669435 0.03087301 0.044246890
## 7 0.18301556 0.07160552 0.08894348 -0.08682757 0.04935470 0.112467995
## 8 0.07160552 0.13896449 0.08399596 0.13551596 -0.03237026 0.042396988
## 9 0.08894348 0.08399596 0.07465547 0.05440619 0.04101064 0.069478345
## 10 -0.08682757 0.13551596 0.05440619 0.34795579 -0.01326471 -0.021162536
## 11 0.04935470 -0.03237026 0.04101064 -0.01326471 0.20329083 0.095597926
## 12 0.11246799 0.04239699 0.06947834 -0.02116254 0.09559793 0.094228911
## 13 0.15702161 0.07705558 0.08545596 -0.04568349 0.04428588 0.099852268
## 14 -0.07689788 -0.02789930 0.01907176 0.16357209 0.20867158 0.042323339
## 15 -0.07939330 0.08995724 0.04540362 0.29018859 0.04818497 -0.001554438
## 13 14 15
## 1 0.15541865 -0.124024902 -0.051293849
## 2 0.12543897 -0.005427535 -0.039271650
## 3 0.08744449 -0.122465266 0.113247813
## 4 0.10905412 0.112857904 -0.060157783
## 5 0.01789770 0.232858944 0.099951911
## 6 0.04627442 0.067134558 0.116029165
## 7 0.15702161 -0.076897883 -0.079393301
## 8 0.07705558 -0.027899299 0.089957240
## 9 0.08545596 0.019071756 0.045403621
## 10 -0.04568349 0.163572088 0.290188586
## 11 0.04428588 0.208671580 0.048184973
## 12 0.09985227 0.042323339 -0.001554438
## 13 0.13743085 -0.052866482 -0.044080529
## 14 -0.05286648 0.352392093 0.210699107
## 15 -0.04408053 0.210699107 0.262089133#
matriz_M## 1 2 3 4 5 6
## 1 0.80218522 -0.127154573 -0.16766180 -0.062524965 0.03527291 -0.057620774
## 2 -0.12715457 0.875704761 -0.03396629 -0.140073563 -0.05334477 -0.038710181
## 3 -0.16766180 -0.033966286 0.64414205 0.137368460 0.10168744 -0.123125512
## 4 -0.06252497 -0.140073563 0.13736846 0.742399154 -0.15524536 -0.006698639
## 5 0.03527291 -0.053344771 0.10168744 -0.155245361 0.81591003 -0.046742309
## 6 -0.05762077 -0.038710181 -0.12312551 -0.006698639 -0.04674231 0.913681912
## 7 -0.17558129 -0.144648497 -0.07654437 -0.133523089 -0.01345706 -0.036955589
## 8 -0.11716423 -0.050316476 -0.21126231 0.035350897 0.01751039 -0.094896089
## 9 -0.09794605 -0.077129229 -0.10132526 -0.055636570 -0.03786105 -0.067680430
## 10 0.02906036 0.056765574 -0.20436525 0.131155907 -0.05122193 -0.136694350
## 11 0.01209498 -0.081873124 0.13140718 -0.199703669 -0.18629079 -0.030873007
## 12 -0.09285990 -0.104513848 -0.01812731 -0.131114317 -0.07550894 -0.044246890
## 13 -0.15541865 -0.125438973 -0.08744449 -0.109054124 -0.01789770 -0.046274418
## 14 0.12402490 0.005427535 0.12246527 -0.112857904 -0.23285894 -0.067134558
## 15 0.05129385 0.039271650 -0.11324781 0.060157783 -0.09995191 -0.116029165
## 7 8 9 10 11 12
## 1 -0.17558129 -0.11716423 -0.09794605 0.02906036 0.01209498 -0.092859897
## 2 -0.14464850 -0.05031648 -0.07712923 0.05676557 -0.08187312 -0.104513848
## 3 -0.07654437 -0.21126231 -0.10132526 -0.20436525 0.13140718 -0.018127310
## 4 -0.13352309 0.03535090 -0.05563657 0.13115591 -0.19970367 -0.131114317
## 5 -0.01345706 0.01751039 -0.03786105 -0.05122193 -0.18629079 -0.075508940
## 6 -0.03695559 -0.09489609 -0.06768043 -0.13669435 -0.03087301 -0.044246890
## 7 0.81698444 -0.07160552 -0.08894348 0.08682757 -0.04935470 -0.112467995
## 8 -0.07160552 0.86103551 -0.08399596 -0.13551596 0.03237026 -0.042396988
## 9 -0.08894348 -0.08399596 0.92534453 -0.05440619 -0.04101064 -0.069478345
## 10 0.08682757 -0.13551596 -0.05440619 0.65204421 0.01326471 0.021162536
## 11 -0.04935470 0.03237026 -0.04101064 0.01326471 0.79670917 -0.095597926
## 12 -0.11246799 -0.04239699 -0.06947834 0.02116254 -0.09559793 0.905771089
## 13 -0.15702161 -0.07705558 -0.08545596 0.04568349 -0.04428588 -0.099852268
## 14 0.07689788 0.02789930 -0.01907176 -0.16357209 -0.20867158 -0.042323339
## 15 0.07939330 -0.08995724 -0.04540362 -0.29018859 -0.04818497 0.001554438
## 13 14 15
## 1 -0.15541865 0.124024902 0.051293849
## 2 -0.12543897 0.005427535 0.039271650
## 3 -0.08744449 0.122465266 -0.113247813
## 4 -0.10905412 -0.112857904 0.060157783
## 5 -0.01789770 -0.232858944 -0.099951911
## 6 -0.04627442 -0.067134558 -0.116029165
## 7 -0.15702161 0.076897883 0.079393301
## 8 -0.07705558 0.027899299 -0.089957240
## 9 -0.08545596 -0.019071756 -0.045403621
## 10 0.04568349 -0.163572088 -0.290188586
## 11 -0.04428588 -0.208671580 -0.048184973
## 12 -0.09985227 -0.042323339 0.001554438
## 13 0.86256915 0.052866482 0.044080529
## 14 0.05286648 0.647607907 -0.210699107
## 15 0.04408053 -0.210699107 0.7379108673.comprobar que los residuos en el objeto “modelo de ventas” son iguales al producto de M*y, donde “y” es la variable endogena en el modelo ("Tiempo)
Residuos_estimados<-matriz_M%*%modelo_cajas$model$Tiempo
comparativo<-as.data.frame(cbind(Residuos_estimados,modelo_cajas$residuals))
names(comparativo)<-c("Residuos_estimados","modelo_cajas$residuals")
#
head(comparativo, n= 10)## Residuos_estimados modelo_cajas$residuals
## 1 -0.7608713 -0.7608713
## 2 0.1327095 0.1327095
## 3 -0.3200790 -0.3200790
## 4 2.9381318 2.9381318
## 5 -9.2715743 -9.2715743
## 6 0.7655710 0.7655710
## 7 1.3084025 1.3084025
## 8 -2.0933728 -2.0933728
## 9 1.4318218 1.4318218
## 10 0.5212280 0.5212280# usando autovalores son todos positivos porque x´x es una matriz simetrica
eigen(t(matriz_x)%*%matriz_x)$values## [1] 16976.7781334 709.9345923 0.2872743Ejercicio 3 numeral 1
options(scipen = 99999999)
#carga de objetos en formato .RData
load("C:/Users/USUARIO/Downloads/modelo_estimado.RData")
matriz_x<-model.matrix(modelo_estimado_1)
# calculo de la matriz A
matriz_A<-solve(t(matriz_x)%*%matriz_x)%*%t(matriz_x)
#matriz p
matriz_P<-matriz_x%*%matriz_A
#matriz M
matriz_M<-diag(51)-matriz_P
matriz_A[,1:4]## 1 2 3 4
## (Intercept) -0.12023796 0.007496216 0.043732382 -0.019624196
## poverty -0.01182361 0.003994776 0.008825494 0.000303668
## single 0.02723384 -0.003960021 -0.013241432 0.003081729# idem se muestra una de una de 4 por 4pero internamente es de 51 por 51
matriz_P[1:4, 1:4]## 1 2 3 4
## 1 0.16161108 -0.01277963 -0.06530809 0.02720791
## 2 -0.01277963 0.03146508 0.04501952 0.02109951
## 3 -0.06530809 0.04501952 0.07855895 0.01942366
## 4 0.02720791 0.02109951 0.01942366 0.02234121matriz_M[1:4,1:4]## 1 2 3 4
## 1 0.83838892 0.01277963 0.06530809 -0.02720791
## 2 0.01277963 0.96853492 -0.04501952 -0.02109951
## 3 0.06530809 -0.04501952 0.92144105 -0.01942366
## 4 -0.02720791 -0.02109951 -0.01942366 0.97765879numeral 2 comprobar que los residuos en el objeto" modelo estimado "son iguales al producto de M*y, donde “y” es la variable endogena en el modelo “crime”
Residuos_estimados<-matriz_M%*%modelo_estimado_1$model$crime
comparativo<-as.data.frame(cbind(Residuos_estimados,modelo_estimado_1$residuals))
names(comparativo)<-c("Residuos_estimados","modelo_estimados$residuals")
head(comparativo, n= 10)## Residuos_estimados modelo_estimados$residuals
## 1 -311.70552 -311.70552
## 2 116.80291 116.80291
## 3 45.25394 45.25394
## 4 -34.44604 -34.44604
## 5 243.00035 243.00035
## 6 -145.11556 -145.11556
## 7 86.13208 86.13208
## 8 88.30923 88.30923
## 9 689.82331 689.82331
## 10 -163.28540 -163.28540numeral 3 muestre que los autovalores de x´x son positivos use el comando (eigen)
#Autovalores son todos positivos porque x´x es una matriz real
eigen(t(matriz_x)%*%matriz_x)$values## [1] 17956.580914 279.157317 1.681762Ejercicio 4 numeral 1
library(readxl)## Warning: package 'readxl' was built under R version 4.0.5Investiment_Equation <- read_excel("Investiment_Equation.xlsx")
Ecuacion_Inversion<-lm(formula = InvReal~Trend+Inflation+PNBr+Interest, data= Investiment_Equation )
library(stargazer)##
## Please cite as:## Hlavac, Marek (2018). stargazer: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables.## R package version 5.2.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stargazerstargazer(Ecuacion_Inversion,title="Ecuacion de inversion",type="text")##
## Ecuacion de inversion
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## InvReal
## -----------------------------------------------
## Trend -0.016***
## (0.002)
##
## Inflation 0.00002
## (0.001)
##
## PNBr 0.665***
## (0.054)
##
## Interest -0.240*
## (0.120)
##
## Constant -0.503***
## (0.054)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 15
## R2 0.973
## Adjusted R2 0.962
## Residual Std. Error 0.007 (df = 10)
## F Statistic 90.089*** (df = 4; 10)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01numeral 2 Residuos a traves de la matriz M
model.matrix(Ecuacion_Inversion)->Mat_x
n<-nrow(Mat_x)
m<-diag(n)-Mat_x%*%solve(t(Mat_x)%*%Mat_x)%*%t(Mat_x)
y<-Investiment_Equation$InvReal
residuos<-m%*%y
print(residuos)## [,1]
## 1 -0.0100602233
## 2 -0.0009290882
## 3 0.0029656679
## 4 0.0078576839
## 5 0.0028109133
## 6 0.0006259732
## 7 0.0075909286
## 8 -0.0055352778
## 9 -0.0037254127
## 10 0.0006953129
## 11 0.0019904770
## 12 -0.0001288433
## 13 -0.0101976729
## 14 0.0068712384
## 15 -0.0008316770numeral 3 calcular un intervalo de confianzadel 93% para el impacto del PNBren la inversion
confint(object = Ecuacion_Inversion, parm = "PNBr", level=0.93 )## 3.5 % 96.5 %
## PNBr 0.554777 0.774317interpretacion: con un nivel de confianza del 93% de las ocasiones la ecuacion se esparia un impacto de un millon del PNBr que se encuentra entre 0.55 millones de dolares hasta un maximo de 0.77 millones de dolares en inversion real.
Ejercicio 5 numeral 1 calcular los residuos del modelo
library(stargazer)
load("C:/Users/USUARIO/Desktop/practicas econometria de guia/consumption_equation.RData")
n<-nrow(P)
M<-diag(n)-P
residuos<-M%*%C
print(head(residuos,n=10))## [,1]
## 1 -5.859103
## 2 2.605057
## 3 45.765735
## 4 31.102448
## 5 -21.037889
## 6 7.008120
## 7 17.859663
## 8 10.705631
## 9 22.002328
## 10 -2.689665numeral 2 calcular la varianza del error
k<-4
var_error=t(residuos)%*%residuos/n-k
print(residuos)## [,1]
## 1 -5.859103
## 2 2.605057
## 3 45.765735
## 4 31.102448
## 5 -21.037889
## 6 7.008120
## 7 17.859663
## 8 10.705631
## 9 22.002328
## 10 -2.689665
## 11 7.784083
## 12 -13.127696
## 13 17.521565
## 14 17.304695
## 15 -16.308260
## 16 -5.255508
## 17 2.788211
## 18 -16.379339
## 19 -14.327554
## 20 11.749135
## 21 -31.424669
## 22 -23.329596
## 23 22.171806
## 24 -5.040038
## 25 -36.191398
## 26 -25.211753
## 27 -21.411271
## 28 1.410519
## 29 -24.229564
## 30 20.971808
## 31 43.342653
## 32 36.808458
## 33 17.882297
## 34 -33.100273
## 35 -37.819995
## 36 -49.370820
## 37 23.456143
## 38 -25.510341
## 39 -11.960629
## 40 -9.234201
## 41 21.949616
## 42 3.211123
## 43 -14.511436
## 44 3.197576
## 45 -62.396763
## 46 -66.854500
## 47 8.330745
## 48 91.963380
## 49 61.620735
## 50 48.148861
## 51 -10.717721
## 52 -84.069717
## 53 -56.426627
## 54 125.113605numeral 3 obtener la matriz de var_cov del modelo
var_error<-as.vector(var_error)
var_cov<-var_error*solve(XX)
print(var_cov)## (Intercept) Yd W I
## (Intercept) 151.874861381 -0.08616035509 0.008927474359 9.7100781972
## Yd -0.086160355 0.00017457489 -0.000030250443 -0.0067296849
## W 0.008927474 -0.00003025044 0.000005691765 0.0003871057
## I 9.710078197 -0.00672968492 0.000387105701 4.9113816007numeral 4 obtenga las estimaciones del consumo
C_estimado<-P%*%C
print(C_estimado)## [,1]
## 1 982.2591
## 2 995.4949
## 3 979.5343
## 4 1059.7976
## 5 1128.1379
## 6 1135.3919
## 7 1179.3403
## 8 1211.1944
## 9 1288.3977
## 10 1351.4897
## 11 1374.0159
## 12 1406.1277
## 13 1453.1784
## 14 1493.4953
## 15 1557.5083
## 16 1622.5555
## 17 1681.2118
## 18 1801.1793
## 19 1911.9276
## 20 1994.3509
## 21 2097.6247
## 22 2207.5296
## 23 2242.6282
## 24 2322.5400
## 25 2441.3914
## 26 2575.7118
## 27 2697.3113
## 28 2652.2895
## 29 2735.1296
## 30 2847.9282
## 31 2948.7573
## 32 3087.8915
## 33 3185.3177
## 34 3226.1003
## 35 3273.8200
## 36 3324.8708
## 37 3430.8439
## 38 3666.1103
## 39 3832.8606
## 40 3990.4342
## 41 4091.4504
## 42 4276.2889
## 43 4408.2114
## 44 4471.3024
## 45 4528.9968
## 46 4661.3545
## 47 4740.5693
## 48 4836.1366
## 49 5013.9793
## 50 5189.3511
## 51 5434.6177
## 52 5767.7697
## 53 6024.8266
## 54 6132.6864cuadro<-as.data.frame(cbind(C, C_estimado, residuos))
names(cuadro)<-c("C","C_estimado", "Residuos")
print(head(cuadro))## C C_estimado Residuos
## 1 976.4 982.2591 -5.859103
## 2 998.1 995.4949 2.605057
## 3 1025.3 979.5343 45.765735
## 4 1090.9 1059.7976 31.102448
## 5 1107.1 1128.1379 -21.037889
## 6 1142.4 1135.3919 7.008120ejercio 6 numeral 1 estimar la ecuacion de ventas en forma apa
library(stargazer)
load("C:/Users/USUARIO/Desktop/practicas econometria de guia/datos_ventas.RData")
modelo_ventas<-lm(formula=ventas~+tv+radio+periodico,data= datos_ventas)
stargazer(modelo_ventas,title="Ecuacion Ventas", type= "text" )##
## Ecuacion Ventas
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## ventas
## -----------------------------------------------
## tv 0.045
## (0.118)
##
## radio -3.450***
## (0.206)
##
## periodico 18.485***
## (0.563)
##
## Constant -33.289***
## (7.172)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 200
## R2 0.847
## Adjusted R2 0.844
## Residual Std. Error 33.875 (df = 196)
## F Statistic 360.758*** (df = 3; 196)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01numeral 2 calcular residuos atraves de la matriz M
library(stargazer)
mat_x_6<-model.matrix(modelo_ventas)
mat_M<-diag(200)-mat_x_6%*%solve(t(mat_x_6)%*%mat_x_6)%*%t(mat_x_6)
#usando los residuos de la matriz M
head(mat_M%*%modelo_ventas$model$ventas, n=10)## [,1]
## 1 -17.85246
## 2 19.08216
## 3 33.79319
## 4 -17.35090
## 5 10.25721
## 6 74.20385
## 7 -15.24652
## 8 -23.42430
## 9 -39.64052
## 10 45.16139numeal 3 calcular intervalo de confianza del 96.8%
confint(modelo_ventas, parm= "tv",level = 0.968 )## 1.6 % 98.4 %
## tv -0.2097376 0.2998052interpretacion no se rechaza la hipotesis nula y ante un cambio unitario en millon de dolares se esperaria como valor minimo en las ventas de televisores -0.20 y como valor maximo se esperaria 0.29 con un nivel de confianza del 96.8%