1 Introduction
- 1.1 Ranked choice voting in Maine
- 1.2 Approach
2 Recievor
3 Retabulations
4 Session Information
Bibliography

1 Introduction

1.1 Ranked choice voting in Maine

Commencing in June 2018, the State of Maine has used a type of ranked choice voting (RC) commonly called instant runoff (RC/IR). In November 2018 Maine became the first state to implement RC/IR in elections for the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. The use of RC was decisive in one congressional contest, with CD2 incumbent Bruce Poliquin receiving the plurality (43.66%) of first round votes, but lacking a majority, lost in the second round of tabulation (Taylor and Stack 2018).

Subsequent to the November election, Congressman Poliquin and others filed a lawsuit against Maine Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap, seeking to be declared the CD2 winner by virtue of a plurality in the first round tabulations (Mistler 2018a). Congressman Poliquin and fellow plaintiffs maintained that

“… the RCV Act is unconstitutional, both facially and as applied, and that it violates the Voting Rights Act. They maintain that the ballot form and instructions were too confusing and that the manner by which Defendant Dunlap tabulated the votes diluted the votes cast by Poliquin supporters and otherwise disenfranchised too many Maine voters to withstand scrutiny.”

While unsuccessful, the Poliquin lawsuit brought attention to the tabulation of RC/IR ballots. Public criticism included references to a ``proprietary algorithm’’ used by the State to mechanize runoff tabulations (Muszynski 2018). The algorithm in question is implemented in proprietary software, and as such, is not available for public scrutiny. Nonetheless, shortly after the public release of cast vote records on November 21, 2018, multiple parties reported successful independent duplication of official State tabulations (Mistler 2018b), pointing out

“… that the software the state uses is proprietary. But the rules that are used by that software are just as public as the election results.”

It would seem that independent duplication of official results falls short of validating the propriety of proprietary software. In particular, the following questions remain:

Are the rules complete? Do the rules completely determine the disposition of every ballot? If not, proprietary software would seem inappropriate.
Are the rules consistent? If not, every implementation will fall short and a revision of the rules is indicated.
Are the rules independent? Would a proper subset of the rules always produce the same result? Independence is a component of clarity and concision, key attributes for the communication and implementation of the rules.
Does the implementation conform to the rules? Independent implementations often share share common flaws. Duplication of results for a single election is inconclusive.

The validation of software implementations is an extraordinary complex enterprise and has been carefully considered elsewhere (U. S. E. A. Commission 2019b, 2019a; U. E. A. Commission 2015). The focus here is the rules.

1.2 Approach

The case study follows from the author’s effort to independently and unofficially validate RC/IR tabulations presented by State of Maine for the three RC/IR contests. In particular, the goal was to do the following:

Create a mathematical model of tabulation processing rendered in the vocabulary of set theory.
Examine State of Maine RC/IR election rules in the context of the model.
Develop and implement an algorithm to independently verify (potentially) tabulations produced by the proprietary algorithm currently deployed in State of Maine RC/IR elections.

To accomplish the first two tasks, only official and publicly available sources were used to identify RC/IR tabulation rules. To avoid adopting hidden assumptions, others with potential knowledge of rules or tabulation implementations were not consulted. A “clean room” strategy likewise affords an opportunity to evaluate the independence (clarity and concision) embodied by the rules. The assumption being:

Official rules ought to be sufficient to guide a software implementation of an independent tabulator capable of reproducing Maine RC/IR tabulations.

The results of the modeling effort are provided in a seperate document. An R package rcvr (Recievor) has been written to accomplish the final task is demonstrated in the sections that follow.

2 Recievor

Minimal packages required for rcvr are plyr and tidyverse.¹

  library(plyr)
  library(tidyverse)
  library(kableExtra)
  library(rcvr)

2.1 Contest database

Metadata to reconstruct elections are stored in the textfile contest_keys.txt, including filenames and URLs for downloading original cast vote record files from the Maine Office of the Secretary of State, Division of Elections (Maine Office of Secretary of State n.d.). Thus far, three data sets are available, including:

June 12, 2018 - Primary Election
- Governor - Democrat (132250 CVRs)
- Representative to Congress District 2 - Democrat (50845 CVRs)
November 6, 2018 - General Election
- Representative to Congress District 2 (296077 CVRs)

  dat <- read.table("contest_keys.txt",
                    sep = "|",
                    col.names = c(
                      "object",
                      "field",
                      "value"
                    ),
                    stringsAsFactors = FALSE,
                    comment.char = "#")
  knitr::kable(dat,
               row.names = FALSE,
               caption   = "Contest Keys Database") %>%
    kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"),
                  full_width = FALSE) %>%
    scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")

Contest Keys Database
object	field	value
object	field	value
gov_June	contest_name	Democratic Primary Election
gov_June	office	Governor
gov_June	date_str	06122018
gov_June	cvr_url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/2018
gov_June	re_url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/data/data-txt
gov_June	alternative	Cote
gov_June	alternative	Dion, D
gov_June	alternative	Dion, M
gov_June	alternative	Eves
gov_June	alternative	Mills
gov_June	alternative	Russell
gov_June	alternative	Sweet
gov_June	alternative	Write-in
gov_June	ambiguity	undervote
gov_June	ambiguity	overvote
gov_June	cvr_file	govd-1.xlsx
gov_June	cvr_file	govd-2.xlsx
gov_June	cvr_file	govd-3.xlsx
gov_June	cvr_file	govd-4.xlsx
gov_June	cvr_file	govd-5.xlsx
gov_June	path	inst/extdata
d2_June	contest_name	Democratic Primary Election
d2_June	office	Congressional District 2
d2_June	date_str	06/12/2018
d2_June	cvr_url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/2018
d2_June	re_url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/data/data-txt
d2_June	alternative	Fulford
d2_June	alternative	Golden
d2_June	alternative	Olson
d2_June	alternative	St. Clair
d2_June	ambiguity	undervote
d2_June	ambiguity	overvote
d2_June	cvr_file	congressd2-1.xlsx
d2_June	cvr_file	congressd2-2.xlsx
d2_June	cvr_file	congressd2-3.xlsx
d2_June	cvr_file	congressd2-4.xlsx
d2_June	path	inst/extdata
d2_Nov	contest_name	General Election
d2_Nov	office	Congressional District 2
d2_Nov	date_str	11062018
d2_Nov	cvr_url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/2018
d2_Nov	re_url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/data/data-txt
d2_Nov	cvr_file	Nov18CVRExportFINAL1.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	Nov18CVRExportFINAL2.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	Nov18CVRExportFINAL3.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	AUXCVRProofedCVR95RepCD2.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	UOCAVA2CVRRepCD2.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	UOCAVA-AUX-CVRRepCD2.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	UOCAVA-FINALRepCD2.xlsx
d2_Nov	cvr_file	RepCD2-8final.xlsx
d2_Nov	alternative	Bond
d2_Nov	alternative	Golden
d2_Nov	alternative	Hoar
d2_Nov	alternative	Poliquin
d2_Nov	ambiguity	undervote
d2_Nov	ambiguity	overvote
d2_Nov	path	inst/extdata
munidist	url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/2013/munidist2013.xlsx
munidist	file_name	munidist2013.xlsx
townshipdist	url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/apport/townshipdist.xlsx
townshipdist	file_name	townshipdist.xlsx
voting_place	url	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/data/votingplace1119.xlsx

2.2 Contest instances

Recievor models each election using an S3 class contest.²

Use rrcv::contest() to construct a contest instance, which will store metadata as attributes and edited ballot data in an underlying dataframe³.

If original == TRUE the contest_str must be set to an object found in the contest database, as well as valid values for source, CVR_file, and alternative fields matching object.
If original == FALSE parameters for a folder (source =) and a list of cast vote records (CVR_files =) must be supplied when invoking rcvr::contest().

Once a contest instance is created tabulation is accomplished using rcvr::conduct_runoff().

2.3 Tabulation options

Tabulation of contest instances is accomplished by rcvr::conduct_runoff(), which provides options for processing overvotes and undervotes.⁴

For example under Maine rules, an overvote at a particular rank invalidates that choice and all subsequent choices. Other jurisdictions may ignore any or all overvotes. Under Maine rules, single undervotes are ignored but two consecutive undervotes invalidate all subsequent choice (Elections 2018). Maine law is more restrictive, with two sequential undervotes invalidating subsequent choices(Legislature n.d.). The default for rcvr::conduct_runoff()

sequentialU == TRUE
max_U = 2
sequentialO == TRUE
max_O = 1

3 Retabulations

3.1 June 2018 Democratic Primary for Governor

Call the constructor and encode the ballot choices to append to random ballot displayed in table below.

  gov_June <- rcvr::contest(
                      contest_name = "Democratic Primary for Governor",
                      original     = TRUE,
                      contest_str  = "gov_June",
                      creator      = "Ken Lane")
  codes    <- rcvr::get_codes(gov_June)

  kable(rcvr::show_contest(gov_June),
          row.names = FALSE,
          booktabs  = TRUE,
          caption   = "Metadata: Democratic Primary for Governor",
          col.names = c("Item", "Value"),
          digits    = 2,
          longtable = TRUE) %>%
    kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"),
                  full_width        = FALSE) %>%
    scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")

Metadata: Democratic Primary for Governor
Item	Value
Office	Governor
Jurisdiction	Maine
CVR location	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/2018
CVR file	govd-1.xlsx
CVR file	govd-2.xlsx
CVR file	govd-3.xlsx
CVR file	govd-4.xlsx
CVR file	govd-5.xlsx
Candidate	Cote, Adam Roland
Candidate	Dion, Donna J.
Candidate	Dion, Mark N.
Candidate	Eves, Mark W.
Candidate	Mills, Janet T.
Candidate	Russell, Diane Marie
Candidate	Sweet, Elizabeth A.
Candidate	Write-in
Number of Candidates	8
Number of Ranks	8
Number of Ballots	132250

  num_ballots <- attr(gov_June, "num_records")
  df <- as.data.frame(gov_June)
  df <- mutate(df, code = codes)
  knitr::kable(df[sample(1:num_ballots, 100, replace = FALSE),],
               row.names = FALSE,
               caption   = "100 Random Ballots: Democratic Primary for Governor") %>%
    kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive")) %>%
    scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")

100 Random Ballots: Democratic Primary for Governor
id	precinct	style	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	code
319136	Sedgwick	DEM Ballot Style 61	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EADUUUUU
457439	Appleton	DEM Ballot Style 15	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	GDFECBAU
439052	Auburn All	DEM Ballot Style 26	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	ECGBFDAU
80729	Alfred	DEM Ballot Style 8	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AEGUUUUU
152190	Enfield	DEM Ballot Style 115	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EADCUUUU
78542	Arundel	DEM Ballot Style 18	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	GEDUUUUU
444297	Auburn W4	DEM Ballot Style 27	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	EGDABCFU
279732	Waterville W1	DEM Ballot Style 251	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	CEUUUUUU
133002	Bangor W1	DEM Ballot Style 37	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	GDFAEUUU
337036	Portland W5 P1	DEM Ballot Style 208	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUUUUU
391598	Windham W1	DEM Ballot Style 263	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	CUUUUUUU
63001	Limington	DEM Ballot Style 161	Dion, Donna J.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Russell, Diane Marie	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	BGACFEDU
33854	Saco W2	DEM Ballot Style 223	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	GBFEDCAU
385507	Windham W1	DEM Ballot Style 264	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	EACDGFBU
205578	Mount Desert	DEM Ballot Style 38	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EDAGUUUU
199877	Bristol	DEM Ballot Style 56	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	EDGCABFU
403220	Yarmouth	DEM Ballot Style 88	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DEAUUUUU
16674	Wells W1	DEM Ballot Style 255	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	GADECBFU
364315	South Portland W1	DEM Ballot Style 237	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	GEDUUUUU
369802	Falmouth W1	DEM Ballot Style 119	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	ECDFGBAU
57965	Lyman W1	DEM Ballot Style 169	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DCEUUUUU
266717	Dixfield	DEM Ballot Style 76	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	ADGBCEFU
424897	Fort Fairfield	DEM Ballot Style 111	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AEDFUUUU
93926	Searsmont	DEM Ballot Style 157	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	AECDFGBU
320765	Portland W4 P2	DEM Ballot Style 211	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	EADGCUUU
490194	Eustis	DEM Ballot Style 6	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	EDAGCUUU
491763	Westport Island	DEM Ballot Style 52	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EUUUUUUU
302246	Hallowell	DEM Ballot Style 135	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	GDAECUUU
381010	Harrison	DEM Ballot Style 60	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AECDUUUU
381911	Windham W1	DEM Ballot Style 264	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	EADGBFBU
254425	Bangor W1	DEM Ballot Style 36	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	EGBCADFU
185793	Farmingdale	DEM Ballot Style 120	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	ECABUUUU
93591	Searsmont	DEM Ballot Style 157	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EGAUUUUU
365472	South Portland W1	DEM Ballot Style 237	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	AECDGBFU
375374	Standish W1	DEM Ballot Style 241	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	AEDCGUUU
325098	Portland W3 P2	DEM Ballot Style 210	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	CEGFBADU
507790	Ellsworth W3	DEM Ballot Style 114	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EDGUUUUU
315583	Surry	DEM Ballot Style 51	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EDUUUUUU
325383	Portland W3 P2	DEM Ballot Style 209	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AEDGUUUU
332709	Portland W1 P1	DEM Ballot Style 202	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EGFUUUUU
67981	Eliot	DEM Ballot Style 113	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DGUUUUUU
194499	Nobleboro W1	DEM Ballot Style 56	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	AEGDFBCU
50057	North Berwick W1	DEM Ballot Style 45	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DEGAUUUU
238282	Gorham W1-P2	DEM Ballot Style 128	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Donna J.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	DBGFACEU
484308	Vinalhaven	DEM Ballot Style 140	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	overvote	DAEBCFGO
359173	Westbrook W4	DEM Ballot Style 261	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	ACDUUUUU
32407	Kennebunk W1	DEM Ballot Style 144	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUUUUU
429855	Lewiston W5	DEM Ballot Style 155	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AEUUUUUU
344875	Portland W5 P2	DEM Ballot Style 216	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	ACDEBFGU
368865	Falmouth W1	DEM Ballot Style 119	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Donna J.	Cote, Adam Roland	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	ECDBAFGU
462249	Portland W3 P1	DEM Ballot Style 209	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	GEDCUUUU
173213	Richmond W1	DEM Ballot Style 53	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	EAGUFBCD
10803	Biddeford W1	DEM Ballot Style 49	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUUUUU
347905	Portland W2 P1	DEM Ballot Style 203	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	GDFUUUUU
208272	Bar Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 38	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EDFGUUUU
140925	Lubec	DEM Ballot Style 101	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EGDFUUUU
106096	Dover-Foxcroft	DEM Ballot Style 21	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	AGDEFBCU
392214	Yarmouth	DEM Ballot Style 88	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EAGUUUUU
177462	Winthrop	DEM Ballot Style 220	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	GUUUUUUU
118181	Old Town	DEM Ballot Style 190	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DCUUUUUU
263951	Paris	DEM Ballot Style 197	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	ECUAUUUU
162627	Buckfield	DEM Ballot Style 67	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Donna J.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	EBDAFCGU
228662	Raymond W1	DEM Ballot Style 83	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	ACEUUUUU
80864	Alfred	DEM Ballot Style 8	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	EDAGFUCB
505906	Lewiston W2	DEM Ballot Style 149	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AUUUUUUU
501719	Solon	DEM Ballot Style 171	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	undervote	undervote	ACGFBUUU
294525	Augusta W4	DEM Ballot Style 28	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	GAFCDEBU
285517	Waterville W1	DEM Ballot Style 252	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	ADGECFBU
207977	Bar Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 38	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EAUUUUUU
79442	Arundel	DEM Ballot Style 18	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	DCAGFBEU
447416	Lisbon	DEM Ballot Style 163	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	Russell, Diane Marie	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	EACGUFDU
196031	Damariscotta	DEM Ballot Style 102	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AUUUUUUU
182682	Winslow	DEM Ballot Style 266	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EUUUUUUU
268991	Greenwood	DEM Ballot Style 3	Write-in	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	HUUUUUUU
355364	South Portland All	DEM Ballot Style 78	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	undervote	undervote	GDAEFUUU
291821	Augusta All	DEM Ballot Style 29	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	ACBFGDEU
200435	Boothbay Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 52	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EUUUUUUU
399415	Scarborough W1	DEM Ballot Style 230	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUUUUU
80689	Alfred	DEM Ballot Style 8	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Mills, Janet T.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	Dion, Donna J.	GADCEFUB
238630	Gorham W1-P2	DEM Ballot Style 128	Cote, Adam Roland	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	AFCDGCUU
277147	Waterville W1	DEM Ballot Style 251	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Russell, Diane Marie	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	ACBEDFGU
492694	Ripley	DEM Ballot Style 73	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	GEDCAUUU
71393	Eliot	DEM Ballot Style 113	Eves, Mark W.	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DAEGUUUU
200666	Boothbay Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 52	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EUUUUUUU
390999	Windham W1	DEM Ballot Style 263	Cote, Adam Roland	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AUUUUUUU
191935	Jefferson	DEM Ballot Style 143	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUUUUU
95626	Topsham	DEM Ballot Style 245	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	EADGCBFU
139617	Acton	DEM Ballot Style 2	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	ADGEBFCU
491736	Westport Island	DEM Ballot Style 52	Cote, Adam Roland	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Mark N.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AGCUUUUU
11766	Biddeford W1	DEM Ballot Style 47	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EBUUUUUU
204311	Lamoine	DEM Ballot Style 38	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Donna J.	Mills, Janet T.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	GDCABEFU
220435	Thomaston	DEM Ballot Style 239	Mills, Janet T.	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	EADCGUUU
358578	Westbrook W4	DEM Ballot Style 261	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	Cote, Adam Roland	ECGUUUUA
398693	Scarborough W1	DEM Ballot Style 230	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	EGBFACDU
402242	Yarmouth	DEM Ballot Style 88	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	EGFBUUUU
131101	Corinna	DEM Ballot Style 94	Cote, Adam Roland	Dion, Mark N.	Eves, Mark W.	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Russell, Diane Marie	Dion, Donna J.	undervote	ACDEGFBU
185818	Farmingdale	DEM Ballot Style 120	Cote, Adam Roland	Eves, Mark W.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Mills, Janet T.	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Russell, Diane Marie	undervote	ADGECBFU
356182	South Portland All	DEM Ballot Style 78	Mills, Janet T.	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	undervote	Eves, Mark W.	Dion, Mark N.	Dion, Donna J.	Cote, Adam Roland	Write-in	EGUDCBAH
366638	Westbrook W2	DEM Ballot Style 260	Eves, Mark W.	Eves, Mark W.	Eves, Mark W.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DDDUUUUU
332697	Portland W1 P1	DEM Ballot Style 202	Sweet, Elizabeth A.	Cote, Adam Roland	Mills, Janet T.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	GAEUUUUU

\(~\)

June 2018 gubernatorial primary results posted by the State of Maine can be found here. This tabulation cannot be reproduced using the process described by the administrative rules (Elections 2018). The tabulation corresponding to the rules is easily generated.

tab1 <- rcvr::conduct_runoff(gov_June)
df1  <- rcvr::make_report4(tab1)

Official Maine results can be duplicated by “tweaking” the rules.⁵

tab2 <- rcvr::conduct_runoff(gov_June,
                             sequentialU = TRUE,
                             june2018    = TRUE)
df2  <- rcvr::make_report4(tab2)

June 2018 Democratic Primary for Governor
	Round 1		Round 2		Round 3		Round 4
	Rules	Reported	Rules	Reported	Rules	Reported	Rules	Reported
Candidate Names
Cote, Adam Roland	35478	35478	37543	37543	42623	42623	53866	53866
Dion, Donna J.	1596	1596	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dion, Mark N.	5200	5200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eves, Mark W.	17887	17887	19521	19521	0	0	0	0
Mills, Janet T.	41735	41735	44042	44042	49945	49945	63387	63384
Russell, Diane Marie	2728	2728	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sweet, Elizabeth A.	20767	20767	22987	22987	29944	29944	0	0
Write-in	748	748	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ballot Exhausted
By Overvotes	430	430	472	472	507	507	580	580
By Undervotes	5681	5681	7568	7568	9056	9056	14152	14155
By Exhausted Choices	0	0	117	117	175	175	265	265

While internally consistent (non-contradictory), the administrative rules are not in alignment with the corresponding statute with regard to skipped rankings (Legislature n.d.). In fact, parties reporting duplicating November CD2 tabulations were unable to duplicate results for the June Gubernatorial primary use the same algorithm.⁶

Three idiosyncratic ballots from the June 2018 gubernatorial primary have been identified.

r1   <- unlist(tab1$round4$result)
r2   <- unlist(tab2$round4$result)
diff <- (r1 != r2)
df   <- gov_June %>% as.data.frame()
df   <- mutate(df, code = codes)
dat  <- df[diff, c(1, 2, 12)]
knitr::kable(dat, 
             row.names = FALSE,
             booktabs  = TRUE,
             caption   = "Ballots of Interest",
             col.names = c("CVR ID", "Precinct", "Coded Choices"),
             digits    = 2,
             longtable = TRUE)  %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "repeat_header"),
                full_width        = FALSE)

Ballots of Interest
CVR ID	Precinct	Coded Choices
485831	Dixmont	GDUBUFEH
265479	Porter	BGDCUFUE
335281	Portland W2 P2	GUBFDUEA

The three ballots would be awarded to candidate E (Janet Mills) in the fourth round using the “two consecutive” trimming rule. Independent implementations report 3 fewer votes for Janet Mills in the final round than the official tabulation. The results generated by the proprietary algorithm can be achieved by trimming each ballot after the second skipped ranking, except where the first skipped ranking is the first choice ranking. There were three such exceptional ballots

File: govd-2.xlsx, Row: 1315, Code: UGUBAEDC, Cast Vote Record: 13216: Precinct: Old Orchard Beach
File: govd-2.xlsx, Row: 33534, Code: UGUECGAF, Cast Vote Record: 141592: Precinct: Eastport
File: govd-2.xlsx, Row: 41151, Code: UCUAUUUU, Cast Vote Record: 173959: Precinct: Harpswell W1

3.2 June 2018 Maine CD2 Democratic Primary

Use contest.R to construct a contest instance.

  d2_June <- rcvr::contest(
    contest_name = "2018 Maine CD2 Democratic Primary",
    original     = TRUE,
    contest_str  = "d2_June",
    creator      = "Ken Lane",
    quietly      = TRUE)
  codes    <- rcvr::get_codes(d2_June)

Metadata: CD2 Democratic Primary
Item	Value
Office	Congressional District 2
Jurisdiction	Maine
CVR location	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/2018
CVR file	congressd2-1.xlsx
CVR file	congressd2-2.xlsx
CVR file	congressd2-3.xlsx
CVR file	congressd2-4.xlsx
Candidate	Fulford, Jonathan S.
Candidate	Golden, Jared F.
Candidate	Olson, Craig R.
Candidate	St. Clair, Lucas R.
Number of Candidates	4
Number of Ranks	5
Number of Ballots	50845

  num_ballots <- attr(d2_June, "num_records")
  df <- as.data.frame(d2_June)
  df <- mutate(df, code = codes)
  knitr::kable(df[sample(1:num_ballots, 100, replace = FALSE),],
               row.names = FALSE,
               caption   = "100 Random Ballots: CD2 Democratic Primary") %>%
    kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive")) %>%
    scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")

100 Random Ballots: CD2 Democratic Primary
id	precinct	style	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	code
124379	Orono All	DEM Ballot Style 191	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	DBACU
105345	Dover-Foxcroft	DEM Ballot Style 21	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
126713	Hermon	DEM Ballot Style 138	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
444134	Auburn W4	DEM Ballot Style 27	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	DBACU
250343	Sherman	DEM Ballot Style 59	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
149787	Howland	DEM Ballot Style 115	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
502453	Prospect	DEM Ballot Style 218	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
427776	Lewiston W6	DEM Ballot Style 155	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
263095	Paris	DEM Ballot Style 197	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	BDCUU
311641	Bucksport	DEM Ballot Style 68	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
502989	Freedom	DEM Ballot Style 62	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AUUUU
254147	Bangor W1	DEM Ballot Style 36	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DCABU
430469	Lewiston W7	DEM Ballot Style 155	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	BCDUU
508317	Orland	DEM Ballot Style 104	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	BDCUU
202833	Southwest Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 97	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
504445	Waterford	DEM Ballot Style 244	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BAUUU
283692	Oakland W1	DEM Ballot Style 187	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
444214	Auburn W4	DEM Ballot Style 23	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BAUUU
431714	Lewiston W4	DEM Ballot Style 152	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
449897	Poland W1	DEM Ballot Style 200	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	CDABU
296560	Monmouth W1	DEM Ballot Style 178	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	BACUU
496065	Garland	DEM Ballot Style 87	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	CDBUU
129017	Bangor W1	DEM Ballot Style 37	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	BADCU
433628	Lewiston W1	DEM Ballot Style 150	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
495649	Sweden	DEM Ballot Style 244	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
267512	Fryeburg	DEM Ballot Style 63	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
127362	Hermon	DEM Ballot Style 138	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
485795	Dixmont	DEM Ballot Style 94	Fulford, Jonathan S.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	ADCBU
419405	Caribou	DEM Ballot Style 79	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	DCBAU
424698	Fort Fairfield	DEM Ballot Style 111	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DBUUU
9628	Bangor W1	DEM Ballot Style 34	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	BCADU
508098	Orland	DEM Ballot Style 104	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DCUUU
263754	Paris	DEM Ballot Style 197	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	BDCAU
252924	Oxford	DEM Ballot Style 195	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
432312	Lewiston W4	DEM Ballot Style 149	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	Golden, Jared F.	CDAUB
112428	Millinocket	DEM Ballot Style 110	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
282601	Oakland W1	DEM Ballot Style 187	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	BCADU
109844	Orrington	DEM Ballot Style 193	Olson, Craig R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	CBUUU
483313	New Sweden	DEM Ballot Style 79	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DCABU
508379	Fayette	DEM Ballot Style 122	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	undervote	DBAUU
503571	Belfast W3	DEM Ballot Style 41	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
505698	Lewiston W2	DEM Ballot Style 149	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
310231	Ellsworth W1	DEM Ballot Style 114	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
205364	Mount Desert	DEM Ballot Style 38	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
309248	Ellsworth W4	DEM Ballot Style 114	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DBUUU
113389	Dexter	DEM Ballot Style 87	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	DBCUU
600015	Northport	DS200	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	CDABU
140624	Palermo	DEM Ballot Style 157	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	BDCAU
447780	Auburn W3	DEM Ballot Style 27	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	BADCU
318846	Castine	DEM Ballot Style 84	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
206953	Bar Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 38	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
141444	Lubec	DEM Ballot Style 101	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
487216	Cornville	DEM Ballot Style 22	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	BDCAU
215030	Strong	DEM Ballot Style 91	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	BDACU
483300	New Sweden	DEM Ballot Style 79	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
454123	Auburn W1	DEM Ballot Style 23	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	BDACU
122909	Orono All	DEM Ballot Style 191	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
323129	Wilton	DEM Ballot Style 91	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
427010	Madawaska	DEM Ballot Style 99	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
501701	Solon	DEM Ballot Style 171	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	BDACU
269771	Bethel	DEM Ballot Style 3	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	DBCUU
485291	Stetson	DEM Ballot Style 116	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
205821	Mount Desert	DEM Ballot Style 38	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	BDCAU
263554	Paris	DEM Ballot Style 197	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
92797	Fairfield	DEM Ballot Style 117	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	DCBAU
489147	Jonesboro	DEM Ballot Style 4	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	BADCU
498043	Milbridge	DEM Ballot Style 4	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
125630	Bangor W1	DEM Ballot Style 36	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
423993	Van Buren	DEM Ballot Style 99	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	BACDU
323067	Wilton	DEM Ballot Style 91	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
450710	Poland W1	DEM Ballot Style 201	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
202800	Southwest Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 97	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	BDCUU
119529	Hampden	DEM Ballot Style 136	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	BDCAU
452419	Auburn W2	DEM Ballot Style 24	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
495712	Roxbury	DEM Ballot Style 176	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
437981	Mechanic Falls	DEM Ballot Style 174	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
327986	Farmington	DEM Ballot Style 121	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
308746	Ellsworth W4	DEM Ballot Style 114	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DBUUU
508310	Orland	DEM Ballot Style 104	Olson, Craig R.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	CDBAU
463191	Corinth	DEM Ballot Style 95	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	undervote	DBCAU
494511	Portage Lake	DEM Ballot Style 19	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	DBCUU
130579	Corinth	DEM Ballot Style 95	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
252135	Oxford	DEM Ballot Style 195	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
482668	Washburn	DEM Ballot Style 85	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
144059	Saint Albans	DEM Ballot Style 73	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
501178	Mattawamkeag	DEM Ballot Style 90	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
495050	Weld	DEM Ballot Style 31	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BCUUU
208212	Bar Harbor	DEM Ballot Style 38	Golden, Jared F.	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
443878	Auburn W4	DEM Ballot Style 27	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BCUUU
494486	Chapman	DEM Ballot Style 50	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
108700	Veazie	DEM Ballot Style 246	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	DBCUU
320205	Dedham	DEM Ballot Style 104	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	CUUUU
489476	Westfield	DEM Ballot Style 50	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Fulford, Jonathan S.	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	DABCU
446217	Lisbon	DEM Ballot Style 163	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
272638	Brownfield	DEM Ballot Style 63	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DCUUU
483574	Brooksville	DEM Ballot Style 61	St. Clair, Lucas R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
452188	Auburn W2	DEM Ballot Style 24	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
283078	Oakland W1	DEM Ballot Style 187	Golden, Jared F.	Olson, Craig R.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BCUUU
107457	Milo	DEM Ballot Style 21	St. Clair, Lucas R.	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DBUUU
107150	Greenville	DEM Ballot Style 1	Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU

\(~\)

Second district results can be reproduced using the administrative rules. Fewer ranks (5) avoid the rare pathologies found in the gubernatorial primary. In fact, the “tweaked” algorithm produces the same result as the official tabulation and the rules. First, using the administrative rules.

tab1 <- rcvr::conduct_runoff(d2_June)
df3 <- make_report2(tab1)

And now invoke the “tweaked” version.

tab2 <- rcvr::conduct_runoff(
  d2_June,
  sequentialU = TRUE,
  june2018    = TRUE)
df4 <- make_report2(tab2)
df  <- cbind(df3[,1:2], df4[,2], df3[,3], df4[,3])

June 2018 Maine CD2 Democratic Primary
	Round 1		Round 2
	Rules	Reported	Rules	Reported
Candidate Names
Fulford, Jonathan S.	2489	2489	0	0
Golden, Jared F.	20987	20987	23611	23611
Olson, Craig R.	3993	3993	0	0
St. Clair, Lucas R.	17742	17742	19853	19853
Ballot Exhausted
By Overvotes	108	108	134	134
By Undervotes	5526	5526	7217	7217
By Exhausted Choices	0	0	30	30

3.3 November 2018 CD2 General Election

Use contest.R to construct a contest instance.

  d2_Nov <- rcvr::contest(
                      contest_name = "November 2018 Maine CD2 General Election",
                      original     = TRUE,
                      contest_str  = "d2_Nov",
                      creator      = "Ken Lane",
                      quietly      = TRUE)
  codes <- get_codes(d2_Nov)

Metadata: CD2 General Election
Item	Value
Office	Congressional District 2
Jurisdiction	Maine
CVR location	https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/2018
CVR file	Nov18CVRExportFINAL1.xlsx
CVR file	Nov18CVRExportFINAL2.xlsx
CVR file	Nov18CVRExportFINAL3.xlsx
CVR file	AUXCVRProofedCVR95RepCD2.xlsx
CVR file	UOCAVA2CVRRepCD2.xlsx
CVR file	UOCAVA-AUX-CVRRepCD2.xlsx
CVR file	UOCAVA-FINALRepCD2.xlsx
CVR file	RepCD2-8final.xlsx
Candidate	Bond, Tiffany L.
Candidate	DEM Golden, Jared F.
Candidate	Hoar, William R.S.
Candidate	REP Poliquin, Bruce
Number of Candidates	4
Number of Ranks	5
Number of Ballots	296077

  num_ballots <- attr(d2_Nov, "num_records")
  df <- as.data.frame(d2_Nov)
  df <- mutate(df, code = codes)
  knitr::kable(df[sample(1:num_ballots, 100, replace = FALSE),],
               row.names = FALSE,
               caption   = "100 Random Ballots: CD2 General Election") %>%
    kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive")) %>%
    scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "300px")

100 Random Ballots: CD2 General Election
id	precinct	style	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	code
373446	Poland W1	CAN Ballot Style 220	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
652500	Milbridge	CAN Ballot Style 4	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DAUUU
71926	Norridgewock	CAN Ballot Style 187	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
656584	Wesley	CAN Ballot Style 41	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
355601	Caribou/Connor	CAN Ballot Style 82	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BCADU
17774	Unity	CAN Ballot Style 65	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	REP Poliquin, Bruce	BACUD
90771	Orrington	CAN Ballot Style 211	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
57620	Madison W1	CAN Ballot Style 187	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AUUUU
122239	Millinocket	CAN Ballot Style 118	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
644711	Detroit	CAN Ballot Style 115	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
108557	Old Town/Argyle Twp	CAN Ballot Style 208	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BCADU
111149	Old Town/Argyle Twp	CAN Ballot Style 208	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
628217	Eastbrook	CAN Ballot Style 12	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
129745	Lisbon	CAN Ballot Style 178	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	ACUUU
67650	Palmyra	CAN Ballot Style 76	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	BCADD
609910	Hammond	CAN Ballot Style 106	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
48610	Otisfield	CAN Ballot Style 213	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	DACUU
29750	Lincolnville	CAN Ballot Style 44	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	undervote	DCAUU
99506	Oakland W1	CAN Ballot Style 205	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
314271	Castine	CAN Ballot Style 88	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	DEM Golden, Jared F.	DCAUB
398933	Auburn W4	CAN Ballot Style 23	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	DEM Golden, Jared F.	BDADB
359761	Caribou/Connor	CAN Ballot Style 82	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	BDACB
64071	Fairfield	CAN Ballot Style 125	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
652268	Columbia Falls	CAN Ballot Style 4	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
46407	Belfast W1	CAN Ballot Style 42	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
96264	Orrington	CAN Ballot Style 211	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	DACUU
203506	Bangor W1	CAN Ballot Style 37	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	DDDDU
415746	Livermore Falls	CAN Ballot Style 180	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
202441	Bangor W1	CAN Ballot Style 35	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
54623	Skowhegan	CAN Ballot Style 257	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
661586	Monson	CAN Ballot Style 1	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	DCBAU
651564	East Machias	CAN Ballot Style 109	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BCUUU
626893	Brooksville	CAN Ballot Style 64	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
624811	Chesterville	CAN Ballot Style 97	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
657841	Charlotte	CAN Ballot Style 32	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
660171	Cranberry Isles Ward 1	CAN Ballot Style 103	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
294635	Bar Harbor	CAN Ballot Style 38	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
651583	East Machias	CAN Ballot Style 109	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
251200	Paris	CAN Ballot Style 216	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	AUUUU
426263	Lewiston All	CAN Ballot Style 164	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Bond, Tiffany L.	DDDAA
625059	Chesterville	CAN Ballot Style 97	REP Poliquin, Bruce	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	DBCAU
466255	Gouldsboro	CAN Ballot Style 139	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
281933	Wayne	CAN Ballot Style 283	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
151908	Benton W1	CAN Ballot Style 5	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
284881	Ellsworth W4	CAN Ballot Style 122	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	CBADU
47462	Belfast W1	CAN Ballot Style 42	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
198195	Corinth	CAN Ballot Style 101	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
440260	Auburn All	CAN Ballot Style 27	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
351708	Limestone	CAN Ballot Style 175	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
365076	Turner	CAN Ballot Style 163	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
626535	Verona Island	CAN Ballot Style 112	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
455687	Sullivan	CAN Ballot Style 139	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
226891	Bangor W1	CAN Ballot Style 37	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DACBU
11607	Brewer W1	CAN Ballot Style 60	overvote	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	OBUUU
8408	147111	UOCAVA	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
406627	Auburn W4	CAN Ballot Style 27	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DACBU
631218	Hartford	CAN Ballot Style 148	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	REP Poliquin, Bruce	DDDDD
434031	Durham	CAN Ballot Style 117	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
300089	Bar Harbor	CAN Ballot Style 38	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
244975	Rumford	CAN Ballot Style 191	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
351349	Fort Kent	CAN Ballot Style 51	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	BDACU
10322	Lubec	CAN Ballot Style 109	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BCUUU
659123	Washburn	CAN Ballot Style 89	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
279178	Monmouth W1	CAN Ballot Style 194	Bond, Tiffany L.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	REP Poliquin, Bruce	ABCUD
54938	Skowhegan	CAN Ballot Style 257	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
616373	Greene	CAN Ballot Style 144	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	BDUUU
646290	Jackson	CAN Ballot Style 65	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
252067	Paris	CAN Ballot Style 216	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	BCUUU
617635	Greene	CAN Ballot Style 144	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	REP Poliquin, Bruce	BACUD
631666	Stow	CAN Ballot Style 3	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DACBU
190838	Eddington	CAN Ballot Style 61	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
206868	Charleston	CAN Ballot Style 93	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	REP Poliquin, Bruce	BCAUD
629779	Roxbury	CAN Ballot Style 191	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DACBU
34688	Clinton	CAN Ballot Style 99	DEM Golden, Jared F.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	BBABC
237275	West Paris	CAN Ballot Style 288	REP Poliquin, Bruce	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DBUUU
337258	Presque Isle W1	CAN Ballot Style 237	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	undervote	BDCAU
26850	Searsmont	CAN Ballot Style 172	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	undervote	DCUUU
109468	Old Town/Argyle Twp	CAN Ballot Style 208	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	BACUU
274264	Monmouth W1	CAN Ballot Style 194	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	BACUU
83900	Dover-Foxcroft	CAN Ballot Style 21	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	BCUAD
25865	Palermo	CAN Ballot Style 172	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
647193	Thorndike	CAN Ballot Style 65	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
8720	Machias	CAN Ballot Style 109	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BCADU
355983	Caribou/Connor	CAN Ballot Style 82	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Bond, Tiffany L.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	DABCU
110770	Old Town/Argyle Twp	CAN Ballot Style 208	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	BACUU
184612	Bangor W1	CAN Ballot Style 34	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
366969	Turner	CAN Ballot Style 163	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
20514	Stockton Springs	CAN Ballot Style 239	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	undervote	BACUU
655186	Whiting	CAN Ballot Style 109	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
27475	Searsmont	CAN Ballot Style 172	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	UUUUU
180075	Hampden	CAN Ballot Style 147	REP Poliquin, Bruce	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	undervote	DBACU
240912	Norway	CAN Ballot Style 203	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DCABU
37621	Islesboro	CAN Ballot Style 156	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	ACBDU
638455	Guilford	CAN Ballot Style 1	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
62026	Fairfield	CAN Ballot Style 125	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	BUUUU
658675	West Gardiner	CAN Ballot Style 287	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	REP Poliquin, Bruce	UUUUD
96675	Orono All	CAN Ballot Style 209	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU
241177	Norway	CAN Ballot Style 203	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	undervote	undervote	undervote	DUUUU
111272	Old Town/Argyle Twp	CAN Ballot Style 208	REP Poliquin, Bruce	Hoar, William R.S.	Bond, Tiffany L.	DEM Golden, Jared F.	undervote	DCABU
325162	Farmington	CAN Ballot Style 129	DEM Golden, Jared F.	Bond, Tiffany L.	Hoar, William R.S.	REP Poliquin, Bruce	undervote	BACDU

\(~\)

Tabulations using the administrative rules agree with official results see here.

tab <- rcvr::conduct_runoff(d2_Nov)
df  <- make_report2(tab)

November 2018 Maine CD2 General Election
	Round 1	Round 2
Candidate Names
Bond, Tiffany L.	16552	0
DEM Golden, Jared F.	132013	142440
Hoar, William R.S.	6875	0
REP Poliquin, Bruce	134184	138931
Ballot Exhausted
By Overvotes	435	533
By Undervotes	6018	13838
By Exhausted Choices	0	335

4 Session Information

  xfun::session_info(dependencies = FALSE)

## R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
## Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19041)
## 
## Locale:
##   LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
##   LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
##   LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
##   LC_NUMERIC=C                          
##   LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    
## 
## Package version:
##   rcvr_0.1.0        kableExtra_1.3.4  forcats_0.5.1     stringr_1.4.0    
##   dplyr_1.0.5       purrr_0.3.4       readr_1.4.0       tidyr_1.1.3      
##   tibble_3.1.0      ggplot2_3.3.3     tidyverse_1.3.0   plyr_1.8.6       
##   Rcpp_1.0.6        svglite_2.0.0     lubridate_1.7.10  assertthat_0.2.1 
##   digest_0.6.27     utf8_1.2.1        R6_2.5.0          cellranger_1.1.0 
##   backports_1.2.1   reprex_1.0.0      evaluate_0.14     httr_1.4.2       
##   highr_0.8         pillar_1.5.1      rlang_0.4.10      readxl_1.3.1     
##   rstudioapi_0.13   jquerylib_0.1.3   rmarkdown_2.7     webshot_0.5.2    
##   munsell_0.5.0     broom_0.7.5       compiler_3.6.3    modelr_0.1.8     
##   xfun_0.22         pkgconfig_2.0.3   systemfonts_1.0.1 htmltools_0.5.1.1
##   tidyselect_1.1.0  fansi_0.4.2       viridisLite_0.3.0 crayon_1.4.1     
##   dbplyr_2.1.0      withr_2.4.1       grid_3.6.3        jsonlite_1.7.2   
##   gtable_0.3.0      lifecycle_1.0.0   DBI_1.1.1         magrittr_2.0.1   
##   scales_1.1.1      cli_2.3.1         stringi_1.5.3     fs_1.5.0         
##   xml2_1.3.2        bslib_0.2.4       ellipsis_0.3.1    generics_0.1.0   
##   vctrs_0.3.7       tools_3.6.3       glue_1.4.2        hms_1.0.0        
##   yaml_2.2.1        colorspace_2.0-0  rvest_1.0.0       knitr_1.31       
##   haven_2.3.1       sass_0.3.1

Bibliography

Commission, United States Election Assistance. 2019a. “Draft Recommendations for Requirements for the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0.” September 9, 2019. https://collaborate.nist.gov/voting/pub/Voting/VVSG20DraftRequirements/vvsg-2.0-2019-09-09-DRAFT-requirements.pdf.

———. 2019b. “Voluntary Voting System Guidelines.” September 9, 2019. https://www.eac.gov/voting-equipment/voluntary-voting-system-guidelines.

Commission, US Election Assistance. 2015. EAC Voting System Testing and Certification Program Manual, Version 2.0. https://www.eac.gov/assets/1/28/Cert.Manual.4.1.15.FINAL.pdf.

Elections, Division of. 2018. “29-250 Code of Maine Rules Chapter 535: Rules Governing the Administration of Election Determined by Ranked-Choice Voting.” State of Maine Office of the Secretary of State, Bureau of Corporations. November 2, 2018. https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/29/250/250c535.docx.

Legislature, 129th State of Maine. n.d. “21-a § 723-a Determination of Winner in Election for an Office Elected by Ranked-Choice Voting.” Accessed December 18, 2019. http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/21-A/title21-Asec723-A.html.

Maine Office of Secretary of State, State of. n.d. “Election Results.” Accessed December 20, 2019. https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/index.html.

Mistler, Steve. 2018a. “In Tight Race, Maine Republican Sues to Block State’s Ranked-Choice Voting Law.” National Public Radio. November 13, 2018. https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/667435326/facing-defeat-maine-republican-sues-to-block-states-ranked-choice-voting-law.

———. 2018b. “’It’s Just Math’ — Mainers Recreate Ranked-Choice Voting Results to Test the Process,” December. https://www.mainepublic.org/post/its-just-math-mainers-recreate-ranked-choice-voting-results-test-process.

Muszynski, Kristen Schulze. 2018. “Explanation of Cd2 Final Tabulation,” November. https://www.maine.gov/sos/news/2018/explanation-cd2-final-tablulation.html.

Taylor, Kate, and Liam Stack. 2018. “Maine’s Bruce Poliquin, Lone Republican in House from New England, Loses Re-Election.” New York Times, November. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/15/us/politics/poliquin-maine-loses.html.

kableExtra loaded soley to render this document and is not needed by Recievor.↩︎
See contest() manual page here.↩︎
See clean_cvr_alternatives() manual page here and standardize_rankings here.↩︎
See manual page for conduct_runoff() here.↩︎
Tweaking implemented in tabulate_cvr_rank(). See manual page here.↩︎
Personal communication with Nathan Tefft. See his python implementation here.↩︎

Reproducing Maine Ranked Choice Tabulations

Ken Lane
Husson University
email: lanek@husson.edu

Last compiled 02 April 2021

1 Introduction

1.1 Ranked choice voting in Maine

1.2 Approach

2 Recievor

2.1 Contest database

2.2 Contest instances

2.3 Tabulation options

3 Retabulations

3.1 June 2018 Democratic Primary for Governor

3.2 June 2018 Maine CD2 Democratic Primary

3.3 November 2018 CD2 General Election

4 Session Information

Bibliography

Reproducing Maine Ranked Choice Tabulations

Ken Lane Husson University email: lanek@husson.edu

Last compiled 02 April 2021

1 Introduction

1.1 Ranked choice voting in Maine

1.2 Approach

2 Recievor

2.1 Contest database

2.2 Contest instances

2.3 Tabulation options

3 Retabulations

3.1 June 2018 Democratic Primary for Governor

3.2 June 2018 Maine CD2 Democratic Primary

3.3 November 2018 CD2 General Election

4 Session Information

Bibliography

Ken Lane
Husson University
email: lanek@husson.edu