library(tidyverse)
## -- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.0 --
## v ggplot2 3.3.3     v purrr   0.3.4
## v tibble  3.0.6     v dplyr   1.0.3
## v tidyr   1.1.2     v stringr 1.4.0
## v readr   1.4.0     v forcats 0.5.1
## -- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
library(dslabs)
## Warning: package 'dslabs' was built under R version 4.0.4
library(gganimate)
library(magick)
## Warning: package 'magick' was built under R version 4.0.4
## Linking to ImageMagick 6.9.11.57
## Enabled features: cairo, freetype, fftw, ghostscript, heic, lcms, pango, raw, rsvg, webp
## Disabled features: fontconfig, x11
data("gapminder")
view(gapminder)

A graph that is comparing infant mortality to GDP.

GDP_mortality <- ggplot(data = gapminder) +
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = gdp, y = infant_mortality, color = continent)) +
  labs(title = "GDP vs Infant Mortality over Time") +
       xlab("GDP") +
       ylab("Infant Mortality (deaths per 1000 live births)") +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 13) +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  transition_states(
    year,
    transition_length = 2,
    state_length = 1) +
  enter_fade() +
  exit_shrink() +
  ease_aes('sine-in-out') +
  labs(caption = '{closest_state}')
animate(GDP_mortality, duration = 15, fps=10, renderer = magick_renderer())
## Warning: Removed 97 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 97 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 104 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 103 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 102 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 98 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 98 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 99 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 97 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 97 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 97 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 94 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 94 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 94 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 93 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 93 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 93 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 89 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 89 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 89 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 81 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 81 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 84 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 84 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 84 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 84 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 83 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 81 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 81 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 81 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 78 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 78 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 78 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 76 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 76 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 76 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 74 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 74 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 74 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 71 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 71 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 71 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 58 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 58 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 60 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 56 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 56 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 56 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 52 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 52 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 52 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 52 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 52 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 52 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 48 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 48 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 48 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 45 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 45 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 45 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 42 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 42 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 42 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 39 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 39 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 39 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 37 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 37 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 37 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 35 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 35 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 35 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 21 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 21 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 21 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 20 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 20 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 20 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 18 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 18 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 18 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 17 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 17 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 17 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 15 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 15 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 15 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 9 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 9 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 19 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 19 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

A graph comparing fertility to infant mortality.

fertility_mortality <- ggplot(data = gapminder) +
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = fertility, y = infant_mortality, color = continent)) +
  labs(title = "Fertility vs Infant Mortality over Time") +
       xlab("Fertility (births per 1000 women of reproductive age)") +
       ylab("Infant Mortality (deaths per 1000 live births)") +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 13) +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  transition_states(
    year,
    transition_length = 2,
    state_length = 1) +
  enter_fade() +
  exit_shrink() +
  ease_aes('sine-in-out') +
  labs(caption = '{closest_state}')
animate(fertility_mortality, duration = 15, fps=10, renderer = magick_renderer())
## Warning: Removed 45 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 45 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 76 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 74 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 74 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 75 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 70 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 70 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 70 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 68 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 68 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 68 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 66 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 66 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 67 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 66 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 66 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 66 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 62 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 62 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 62 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 58 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 58 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 58 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 51 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 29 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 29 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 44 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 43 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 43 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 43 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 41 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 41 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 41 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 41 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 41 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 41 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 39 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 39 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 39 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 36 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 36 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 36 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 33 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 33 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 33 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 32 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 32 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 32 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 30 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 30 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 30 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 13 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 16 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 16 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 16 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 16 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 185 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

###Conclusion I have chosen to use the gapminder dataset and I wanted to focus on the fertility variable. at first, I wanted to see if GDP had any effect on infant mortality. First, I made a scatterplot comparing GDP to infant mortality and setting that the change based on year to see how that might change it. I did this because I thought that the richer a country the lower the infant mortality would be. GDP, however, did not seem to have any significant correlation with infant mortality. next I decided to look up what fertility meant as I did not know how it was measured. after learning that it has to do with how many children are born, I decided to compare fertility to infant mortality. I did this because I had heard a theory that people will generally have fewer children as infant mortality decreases as people no longer need to have more children to compensate for the fact that some of their children will die. Fertility and infant mortality do appear to be positively correlated.