Exploración de los datos de cáncer de mama

1 Lectura de datos.

Se cargarán los datos desde la url proporcionada

# Cargar los datos sobre Cancer de mama:
datos <- 
  read.table("https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/breast-cancer/breast-cancer.data", 
             sep = ",")

names(datos) <- c("Clase","age","menopause","tumor_size",
                       "inv_nodes","node_caps","deg_malig",
                       "breast","breast_quad","irradiat")

2 Exploración

# Primeras 6 filas
head(datos)

# Estructura de los datos
str(datos)

## 'data.frame':    286 obs. of  10 variables:
##  $ Clase      : Factor w/ 2 levels "no-recurrence-events",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ age        : Factor w/ 6 levels "20-29","30-39",..: 2 3 3 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 ...
##  $ menopause  : Factor w/ 3 levels "ge40","lt40",..: 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 ...
##  $ tumor_size : Factor w/ 11 levels "0-4","10-14",..: 6 4 4 3 1 3 5 4 11 4 ...
##  $ inv_nodes  : Factor w/ 7 levels "0-2","12-14",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ node_caps  : Factor w/ 3 levels "?","no","yes": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
##  $ deg_malig  : int  3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 ...
##  $ breast     : Factor w/ 2 levels "left","right": 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 ...
##  $ breast_quad: Factor w/ 6 levels "?","central",..: 3 6 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 4 ...
##  $ irradiat   : Factor w/ 2 levels "no","yes": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...

3 Organización y visualización:

3.1 Tablas y resumen:

# Inspección de la variable edad
summarytools::freq(x = datos$age, order = "freq", style = "rmarkdown", report.nas = F)

## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'pryr':
##   method      from
##   print.bytes Rcpp

## ### Frequencies  
## #### datos$age  
## **Type:** Factor  
## 
## |      | Freq |      % | % Cum. |
## |----------:|-----:|-------:|-------:|
## | **50-59** |   96 |  33.57 |  33.57 |
## | **40-49** |   90 |  31.47 |  65.03 |
## | **60-69** |   57 |  19.93 |  84.97 |
## | **30-39** |   36 |  12.59 |  97.55 |
## | **70-79** |    6 |   2.10 |  99.65 |
## | **20-29** |    1 |   0.35 | 100.00 |
## | **Total** |  286 | 100.00 | 100.00 |

# Inespección de la variable menopausia
summarytools::freq(x = datos$menopause, order = "freq", style = "rmarkdown", report.nas = F)

## ### Frequencies  
## #### datos$menopause  
## **Type:** Factor  
## 
## |        | Freq |      % | % Cum. |
## |------------:|-----:|-------:|-------:|
## | **premeno** |  150 |  52.45 |  52.45 |
## |    **ge40** |  129 |  45.10 |  97.55 |
## |    **lt40** |    7 |   2.45 | 100.00 |
## |   **Total** |  286 | 100.00 | 100.00 |

# Tabla cruzada para la edad y menopausia
summarytools::ctable(x = datos$age, y = datos$menopause,prop = "r")

## Cross-Tabulation, Row Proportions  
## age * menopause  
## Data Frame: datos  
## 
## ------- ----------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------------
##           menopause           ge40       lt40        premeno          Total
##     age                                                                    
##   20-29                 0 (  0.0%)   0 (0.0%)     1 (100.0%)     1 (100.0%)
##   30-39                 0 (  0.0%)   1 (2.8%)    35 ( 97.2%)    36 (100.0%)
##   40-49                 9 ( 10.0%)   0 (0.0%)    81 ( 90.0%)    90 (100.0%)
##   50-59                59 ( 61.5%)   4 (4.2%)    33 ( 34.4%)    96 (100.0%)
##   60-69                55 ( 96.5%)   2 (3.5%)     0 (  0.0%)    57 (100.0%)
##   70-79                 6 (100.0%)   0 (0.0%)     0 (  0.0%)     6 (100.0%)
##   Total               129 ( 45.1%)   7 (2.4%)   150 ( 52.4%)   286 (100.0%)
## ------- ----------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------------

3.2 Gráficos circulares:

# Pie chart para edad
pie(table(datos$age), 
    main = "Gráfico para los rangos de edades")

# Pie chart para menopausea
pie(table(datos$menopause), 
    main = "Gráfico para las categorías de menopausea")

3.3 Gráficos de barras:

# Barras para edad
barplot(table(datos$age))

# Barras para menopausea
barplot(table(datos$menopause))

# Gráfico bivariado
ggplot2::ggplot(data = datos) + 
  ggplot2::aes(x = age, fill = menopause) + 
  ggplot2::geom_bar(position = "stack") + 
  ggplot2::theme_bw() + 
  ggplot2::theme(text = ggplot2::element_text(family = "serif"))