The 1000 earthquakes accounted for in the “quakes” data set occurred in a cube around Fiji since 1964. All of the earthquakes in this data set are of magnitude 4.0 and up.

Data:

-lat: Latitude of the earthquake

-long: Longitude of the earthquake

-depth: Depth of the earthquake in kilometers(km)

-mag: Magnitude on the Richter Scale

-stations: Number of stations that reported the tremor

head(quakes)

##      lat   long depth mag stations
## 1 -20.42 181.62   562 4.8       41
## 2 -20.62 181.03   650 4.2       15
## 3 -26.00 184.10    42 5.4       43
## 4 -17.97 181.66   626 4.1       19
## 5 -20.42 181.96   649 4.0       11
## 6 -19.68 184.31   195 4.0       12

The average depth of the earthquakes in kilometers.

mean(quakes$depth)

## [1] 311.371

The average magnitude of the earthquakes on the Richter scale. The scale goes from 1.0 (microearthquakes) to >9.0 (total destruction).

mean(quakes$mag)

## [1] 4.6204

• An earthquake with an average magnitude of 4.62 would be felt and might cause some minor damage.

• Around 30,000 earthquakes from this same category happen every year

• The average depth (311.37 km) of these quakes is at the very edge of the classification for “deep” earthquakes. At 300 km and under, the quake is either “intermediate” or “shallow”.

shallow = filter(quakes, depth < 70.0)
intermediate = filter(quakes, depth >= 70.0 & depth < 300.0)
deep = filter(quakes, depth >= 300.0)

shallow$class = "Shallow"
intermediate$class = "Intermediate"
deep$class = "Deep"

quakesA = full_join(shallow, intermediate)

## Joining, by = c("lat", "long", "depth", "mag", "stations", "class")

quakesB = full_join(quakesA, deep)

## Joining, by = c("lat", "long", "depth", "mag", "stations", "class")

http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/magnitude.html

https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/science/determining-depth-earthquake?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects