Madness
Import Data
library(readr)
madness <- read_csv("~/madness/madness.csv")## Warning: Missing column names filled in: 'X8' [8]##
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
## `First name` = col_character(),
## `Last name` = col_character(),
## Word = col_character(),
## n_Words = col_double(),
## Definition = col_character(),
## dictionary_name = col_character(),
## Web_Address = col_character(),
## X8 = col_character()
## )madness## # A tibble: 25 x 8
## `First name` `Last name` Word n_Words Definition dictionary_name Web_Address
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 Daniel Lee insa~ 7 exhibitin~ merriam-webste~ https://ww~
## 2 Amanda Auditore insa~ NA a state o~ dictionary.com https://ww~
## 3 Tylor Barboza insa~ 16 in a stat~ google.com <NA>
## 4 Kendra Boyd insa~ 12 having a ~ collinsdiction~ https://ww~
## 5 Shane Downey insa~ NA <NA> <NA> <NA>
## 6 Riley Duquette insa~ 8 A state o~ languages.oup.~ https://la~
## 7 James Farrell insa~ NA a state o~ oxford languag~ https://la~
## 8 Caitlin Feltus insa~ 8 a state o~ languages.oup.~ https://la~
## 9 Liz Grande mad 2 mentally ~ thefreediction~ https://ww~
## 10 Madison Hughes mad NA Mentally ~ dictionary.cam~ https://di~
## # ... with 15 more rows, and 1 more variable: X8 <chr>##Explore Data
# displays structure
str(madness)## spec_tbl_df [25 x 8] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ First name : chr [1:25] "Daniel" "Amanda" "Tylor" "Kendra" ...
## $ Last name : chr [1:25] "Lee" "Auditore" "Barboza" "Boyd" ...
## $ Word : chr [1:25] "insane" "insane" "insane" "insane" ...
## $ n_Words : num [1:25] 7 NA 16 12 NA 8 NA 8 2 NA ...
## $ Definition : chr [1:25] "exhibiting a severely disordered state of mind" "a state of mind which prevents normal perception, behavior, or social interaction" "in a state of mind which prevents normal perception, behavior, or social interaction; seriously mentally ill." "having a severe mental illness that prevents one from making rational judgments" ...
## $ dictionary_name: chr [1:25] "merriam-webster.com" "dictionary.com" "google.com" "collinsdictionary.com" ...
## $ Web_Address : chr [1:25] "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insane" "https://www.dictionary.com/" NA "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/insane" ...
## $ X8 : chr [1:25] NA NA "www.google.com" NA ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. `First name` = col_character(),
## .. `Last name` = col_character(),
## .. Word = col_character(),
## .. n_Words = col_double(),
## .. Definition = col_character(),
## .. dictionary_name = col_character(),
## .. Web_Address = col_character(),
## .. X8 = col_character()
## .. )# displays summary
summary(madness)## First name Last name Word n_Words
## Length:25 Length:25 Length:25 Min. : 2.00
## Class :character Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.: 4.00
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Median : 5.00
## Mean : 6.35
## 3rd Qu.: 8.00
## Max. :16.00
## NA's :5
## Definition dictionary_name Web_Address X8
## Length:25 Length:25 Length:25 Length:25
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## library(skimr)
skim(madness)| Name | madness |
| Number of rows | 25 |
| Number of columns | 8 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| character | 7 |
| numeric | 1 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: character
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | min | max | empty | n_unique | whitespace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First name | 0 | 1.00 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Last name | 0 | 1.00 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Word | 0 | 1.00 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Definition | 2 | 0.92 | 17 | 109 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| dictionary_name | 4 | 0.84 | 10 | 28 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Web_Address | 3 | 0.88 | 27 | 177 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| X8 | 24 | 0.04 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n_Words | 5 | 0.8 | 6.35 | 3.47 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 16 | ▆▇▃▁▁ |
##Visualize Data
###Quantitative data
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(madness, aes(x = n_Words)) +
geom_histogram() +
labs(title = "Distribution of the Number of Words",
x = "Number of Words")## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).
###Categorical Data
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(madness, aes(x = Word)) +
geom_bar() +
labs(title = "Distribution of the Number of Words",
x = "Number of Words")
##Word Frequency
library(tidytext)
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, uniontidy_def <- madness %>%
unnest_tokens(output = word, input = Definition) %>%
anti_join(stop_words)## Joining, by = "word"plotdata <-
tidy_def %>%
count(word, sort = TRUE) %>%
head(15) %>%
filter(!is.na(word))ggplot(plotdata,
aes(x = reorder(word, n),
y = n)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "15 Most Frequent Words in the Definitions of \n Insane, Crazy, Mad and Idiot",
x = "Word in Definitons",
y = "Count of Words")
Unit #1 Reaction Response
Modern data and its terms are both similar and different to how mental illnesses have been defined in the past. Using the data analysis, we can see what words are frequently used in the definitions of various terms of mental illnesses. One word that comes up is “deranged,” which would be similar to how illnesses were seen in the past, while a word like “normal” is a more modern definition of the term.
Deranged is a word that is often associated with craziness and madness. In the past those with mental illnesses were seen as deranged, and unfit to be functional members of society. Doctors and scientists did not have as much information on illnesses as we have now, and this contributed to their outdated understanding of various illnesses. In the “COWARDICE AND SHELL-SHOCK” reading, the report is explaining the differences between shell shock and cowardice, with many doctors/scientists believing that “shell shock is simply made up as a way for soldiers to be taken off the battlefield.”^[H M Stationary office. “Cowardice and Shell-Shock.” Accessed March 9, 2021. http://www.vlib.us/medical/cowardice.htm.] This limited understanding of the illness could have resulted in truthfully ill patients being wrongfully punished, likely by death, due to this being the penalty for cowardice.
The data graph also shows that a word like “normal” is used. Defining mental illnesses as normal is a different take on how they used to be defined in the past, differing from the view that those diagnosed with them are unable to fit in with the rest of society. “They corresponded to mourning, and a fixation on thoughts of the dead so short a time after death is certainly not pathological, but rather corresponds to normal emotional behavior.”^[Eghigian, Greg. 2010. From Madness to Mental Health : Psychiatric Disorder and Its Treatment in Western Civilization. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 214] Sigmund Freud is explaining in a lecture how a patient is experiencing emotional trauma, and how it had caused her to behave in bizarre and strange ways. Her behavior was a normal reaction to her situation, as it was her brain/body trying to cope with the traumatic experience. Bibliography
H M Stationary office. “Cowardice and Shell-Shock.” Accessed March 9, 2021. http://www.vlib.us/medical/cowardice.htm.
Eghigian, Greg. 2010. From Madness to Mental Health : Psychiatric Disorder and Its Treatment in Western Civilization. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.