R Notebook

library(tidyverse)
library(igraph)                    # This is the package to analyze the network
library(visNetwork)                # Creates visualizations of the network
library(DT)
library(plotly)

1. Read the data into links and nodes, and create the network in igraph with graph_from_data_frame().

Sept11_nodes <- read_csv("Sept11_nodes.csv")

── Column specification ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cols(
  id = col_double(),
  name = col_character()
)

Sept11_links <- read_csv("Sept11_links.csv")

── Column specification ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cols(
  from = col_double(),
  to = col_double()
)

Sept11_network <- graph_from_data_frame(Sept11_links, 
                                           vertices = Sept11_nodes, 
                                           directed = F)

Sept11_network

IGRAPH 8c51cbb UN-- 62 151 -- 
+ attr: name (v/c)
+ edges from 8c51cbb (vertex names):
 [1] Samir_Kashk           --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais Madjid_Sahoune        --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
 [3] Fahid_al_Shakri       --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais Lased_Ben_Heni        --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
 [5] Lased_Ben_Heni        --Mohamed_Bensakhria     Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Seifallah_ben_Hassine 
 [7] Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Mohamed_Bensakhria     Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Mehdi_Khammoun        
 [9] Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Essoussi_Laaroussi     Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Tarek_Maaroufi        
[11] Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Haydar_Abu_Doha        Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Mohamed_Atta          
[13] Seifallah_ben_Hassine --Tarek_Maaroufi         Mohamed_Bensakhria    --Tarek_Maaroufi        
[15] Mehdi_Khammoun        --Haydar_Abu_Doha        Essoussi_Laaroussi    --Tarek_Maaroufi        
+ ... omitted several edges

This shows the network of terrorists on sept 11.

2. Find the density of the network.

Sept11_network %>% 
  edge_density()

[1] 0.07985193

the density of the Sept 11 network is .08

3. Make a histogram of the distances in the network.

Sept11_network %>% 
  distances() %>% 
  as.vector() %>%              # these two lines convert the distances matrix
  as_tibble() %>%              # to something plotly can graph
  plot_ly(x = ~value) %>% 
  add_histogram()

A hsitogram showing distances between the netowrk.

4. Find the length of the diameter of the network.

Sept11_network %>% 
  get_diameter() %>% 
  length()

[1] 6

6 is the diameter length.

5. Mutate the following into the nodes data: label, title, degree, and set value = degree.

Sept11_nodes<- Sept11_nodes%>%
  mutate(label= name)

Sept11_nodes<- Sept11_nodes%>%
  mutate(title= name)

Sept11_nodes<- Sept11_nodes%>%
  mutate(degree= degree(Sept11_network))

Sept11_nodes<- Sept11_nodes%>%
  mutate(value= degree)

Sept11_nodes%>%
  datatable()

This is a data table showing all the items that I mutated.

6. Mutate betweenness into the links data, and set it to value.

Sept11_links <- Sept11_links %>% 
  mutate (betweenness = edge_betweenness(Sept11_network)) %>% 
  mutate(value = betweenness)

Sept11_links%>%
  datatable()

This is a datatable showing the mutation between value and betweenness.

7. Create a diagram with visNetwork, with a title and options set for a menu and highlightNearest.

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists involved in the 9/11 attack") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T)

This is a visdiagram showing the network of terrorists involved in the Sept 11 attack.

8. Find the communities in the network, mutate a group column in the nodes data, and create another diagram displaying the colored groups.

Sept11_network %>% 
  infomap.community()

IGRAPH clustering infomap, groups: 6, mod: 0.51
+ groups:
  $`1`
   [1] "Imad_Eddin_Barakat_Yarkas"         "Ramzi_Bin_al-Shibh"               
   [3] "Mohammed_Belfas"                   "Abdelghani_Mzoudi"                
   [5] "Ahmed_Khalil_Ibrahim_Samir_Al-Ani" "Mustafa_Ahmed_al-Hisawi"          
   [7] "Agus_Budiman"                      "Mounir_El_Motassadeq"             
   [9] "Zakariya_Essabar"                  "Mohamed_Atta"                     
  [11] "Fayez_Ahmed"                       "Mamduh_Mahmud_Salim"              
  [13] "Mamoun_Darkazanli"                 "Said_Bahaji"                      
  [15] "Ziad_Jarrah"                       "Marwan_Al-Shehhi"                 
  [17] "Wail_Alshehri"                     "Waleed_Alshehri"                  
  + ... omitted several groups/vertices

Sept11_nodes <- Sept11_nodes %>% 
  mutate(group = membership(infomap.community(Sept11_network)))

Sept11_nodes %>% 
  datatable()

NA

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists involved in the 9/11 bombing") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T, selectedBy = "group")

Here is the mutated data and the diagram.