Where does Ghana’s imported fruit come from?
Analyzing data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) bilateral trade database 1998-2019
By: Ama Owusu-Darko
Assumption: Import quantities (measured in tonnes) are considered in the analysis
Question: Which countries exported the most fruit to Ghana during 1998-2019?

Question: How many tons of fruit does Ghana normally import?
Records of nine fruits were selected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) bilateral trade database 1998-2019.
[1] "Apples" "Avocados" "Bananas"
[4] "Coconuts" "Grapes" "Oranges"
[7] "Papayas" "Pineapples" "Strawberries"
[10] "Tomatoes" "Watermelons"
The summary statistics of the number of tonnes of fruit imported by Ghana
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
1.0 2.0 10.0 384.4 39.0 13778.0
The results above reveals the following insights.
Max value
The highest quantity of fruits Ghana imported over 1998 to 2019 was 13,778 tonnes.
Mean value
Over the 20 years (1998-2019), an average of 384.4 tonnes of fruit was imported into Ghana.
The following table shows the years in which Ghana’s highest fruit imports occurred.
---
title: "  "
output: html_notebook
---

### Where does Ghana's imported fruit come from?

#### Analyzing data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) bilateral trade database 1998-2019

#### By: Ama Owusu-Darko

```{r load global packages, include=FALSE}
library(tidylog)
library(tidyverse)

library(tinytex)

library(labelled)
```

```{r load data, include=FALSE}
dat<- read.csv("~/r_and_git/Food_trade/good_fruits.csv", stringsAsFactors=TRUE)



```

```{r glance data, include=FALSE}
#summary(dat)
```

```{r eda ,include=FALSE, eval=F}
dat<-as_tibble(dat)
dat$
dat1<-dat%>%
  mutate(across(c(Year,Item.Code,Element.Code,Partner.Country.Code,Reporter.Country.Code,ï..Domain.Code),as_factor))
         
#removing duplicate columns
dat2<-dat1%>%
  select(-c(Year.Code,Item.Code,Element.Code,Partner.Country.Code,Reporter.Country.Code,ï..Domain.Code))
```

```{r group_by, include=FALSE}
dat3<-dat2%>%
  filter(Element=="Import Quantity")%>%
  group_by(Partner.Countries,Item, Element, Year)
head(dat3)

#Select import quantity because the value of dollars change because of inflation over the years
dat4<-dat2%>%
  filter(Element=="Import Quantity")%>%
  group_by(Year,Partner.Countries) %>% 
  summarise(Value)
head(dat4)

```

**Assumption:**
Import quantities (measured in tonnes) are considered in the analysis



```{r countries did Ghana import from, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
#remove value==0
imp<-dat2%>%
  filter(Element=="Import Quantity" & Value!=0 & Unit=="tonnes")
  

im<-dat2%>%
  filter(Element=="Import Quantity" & Value!=0 & Unit=="tonnes")%>%
  count(Year)%>%
  ggplot()+geom_bar(aes(x=year))+coord_flip()


imp1<-dat2%>%
  filter(Element=="Import Quantity"& Value!=0 & Unit=="tonnes")%>%
  group_by(Partner.Countries)%>%
  summarize(Per_country=n())



```

<br> **Question: Which countries exported the most fruit to Ghana during 1998-2019?**

```{r 5 exporters, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=F}
try_c=function(fun1){
 imp1%>%
  fun1(Per_country,n=5)%>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Partner.Countries, y=Per_country, fill=Partner.Countries))+geom_col()+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set3")+
    geom_label(aes(label=Per_country),color="white",fill="black")+
    labs(title="The 5 Most Frequent Exporters of fruits to Ghana",
         subtitle="Values represent count of exports to Ghana")
}

try_c(slice_max)


try_v=function(){
imp1%>%
  slice_max(Per_Country,n=5)%>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Partner.Countries, y=Per_country, fill=Partner.Countries))+geom_col()+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set3")+
    geom_label(aes(label=Per_Country),color="white",fill="black")+
    labs(title="The 5 Most Frequent Exporters of fruits to Ghana",
         subtitle="Values frquency of exports to Ghana")
}

#try_v(slice_max)

#five_exp=imp1%>%
  #slice_max(Per_country,n=5)

only_top5=imp%>%
  add_count(Partner.Countries)%>%
  filter(dense_rank(desc(n))<=5)%>%
  group_by(Partner.Countries,Item)%>%
  summarize(Per_item=n())%>%
  slice_max(Per_item, n=5)
```

```{rk, include=F}
only_top5%>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Item,y=Per_item, fill=Partner.Countries))+geom_col()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set3")+facet_wrap(~Partner.Countries, scales = "free", ncol=5)+
geom_label(aes(label=Per_item),color="white",fill="black")+
labs(title="The 5 Most Imported fruits from  to Ghana",
subtitle="Values represent Frequency")+theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))
```



```{r include=FALSE}
b=nly_top5%>%
  group_by(Year,Item)%>%
  summarize(Per_item=n())%>%
  slice_max(Per_item, n=5)
```

```{r include=FALSE}
library(gtsummary)
theme_gtsummary_journal(journal = "jama")
#> Setting `JAMA` theme
theme_gtsummary_compact()
#> Setting `Compact` theme
gt1 <- 
  dat2%>%
  select(Value)%>%
  tbl_summary()
    
gt1


dat5<-dat2%>%
mutate(cat_Value = ifelse(Value>10000,"High tonnage", ifelse(Value>1000,"Medium_tonnage",ifelse(Value>100,"Small_tonnage",                                "Very_Small_tonnage"))))
  
dat5$cat_Value<-factor(dat5$cat_Value, levels=c("Very_Small_tonnage",
               "Small_tonnage","Medium_tonnage","High tonnage"))

nly_top5=imp%>%
  select(2,3,5,6,Value,Unit)%>%
  group_by(Partner.Countries,Item, Value)%>%
  filter(Value>300)

f=nly_top5%>% 
  group_by(Partner.Countries)%>%
  count(Partner.Countries)



  #filter(dense_rank(desc(n))<=5)%>%
  #group_by(Partner.Countries,Item)%>%
 # summarize(Per_item=n())%>%
 # slice_max(Per_item, n=5)
#d=imp%>%
  
 # tidycomm::crosstab(Year,Partner.Countries,Item,Value,add_total = TRUE)
```

**Question: How many tons of fruit does Ghana normally import?**


Records of nine fruits were selected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) bilateral trade database 1998-2019.

```{r 1, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
levels(imp$Item)

```

**The summary statistics of the number of tonnes of fruit imported by Ghana** 
```{r sum, echo=FALSE}
summary(imp$Value)
```
The results above reveals the following insights.<br>
**Max value**<br>
The highest quantity of fruits Ghana imported over 1998 to 2019 was **13,778 tonnes.**  
<br>
**Mean value**<br>
Over the 20 years (1998-2019), an **average of 384.4 tonnes of fruit** was imported into Ghana.

<br>
The following table shows the years in which Ghana's highest fruit imports occurred.




```{r 5, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
try_b=tibble(Item=c("Tomatoes","Apples","Pineapples","Grapes","Banana"),
             Year=c(2007,2013,2014,2013,2007),
             Value=c(13778,9656,472,403,327 ),
             Unit=c("tonnes","tonnes","tonnes","tonnes","tonnes"),
             Partner.Countries=c("Burkina Faso", "South Africa","Cote d'Ivoire",
                                 "South Africa","Cote d'Ivoire"))
#DT::datatable(dat2%>%
 # select(Item,Year,Value,Unit)%>%
 #filter(dense_rank(desc(Value))<=5))

#Item,Value,Year
try_y=imp%>%select(Item,Year,Value,Unit,Partner.Countries)%>%
            group_by(Year)%>%
            #slice_max(Item)
            filter(dense_rank(desc(Item))<=5)

#reactable(try_y,
          #defaultSorted = "Value",
         # defaultSortOrder = "desc",
          #filterable = T,
          #defaultPageSize = 20)


          

```

```{r 2,echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
library(DT)
datatable(try_b)
#summary(dat5$cat_Value)
```

```{r 3, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, include=FALSE}
reactable::reactable(f)
```

```{r try, eval=FALSE, include=FALSE}
try_select=function(x){
  only_top5%>%
  filter(Partner.Countries==x)%>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Item,y=Per_item, fill=Item))+geom_col()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set2")+
geom_label(aes(label=Per_item),color="white",fill="black")+
labs(title="The 5 Most Imported fruits from  to Ghana",
subtitle="Values represent Frequency")
}

try_select("South Africa") 
try_select("France")
try_select("Netherlands")
try_select("Belgium")
try_select("Egypt")

```
