install.packages("tidyverse")
library(tidyverse)
## -- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.0 --
## v ggplot2 3.3.3     v purrr   0.3.4
## v tibble  3.0.5     v dplyr   1.0.3
## v tidyr   1.1.2     v stringr 1.4.0
## v readr   1.4.0     v forcats 0.5.0
## -- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
??tidyverse
tictoc::tic()
cars1<-utils::read.csv("https://github.com/tidyverse/readr/raw/master/inst/extdata/mtcars.csv")
class(cars1)
## [1] "data.frame"
tictoc::toc()
## 1.22 sec elapsed
tictoc::tic()
cars2<-readr::read_csv("https://github.com/tidyverse/readr/raw/master/inst/extdata/mtcars.csv")
## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   mpg = col_double(),
##   cyl = col_double(),
##   disp = col_double(),
##   hp = col_double(),
##   drat = col_double(),
##   wt = col_double(),
##   qsec = col_double(),
##   vs = col_double(),
##   am = col_double(),
##   gear = col_double(),
##   carb = col_double()
## )
class(cars2)
## [1] "spec_tbl_df" "tbl_df"      "tbl"         "data.frame"
tictoc::toc()
## 1.52 sec elapsed
cars2
## # A tibble: 32 x 11
##      mpg   cyl  disp    hp  drat    wt  qsec    vs    am  gear  carb
##    <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
##  1  21       6  160    110  3.9   2.62  16.5     0     1     4     4
##  2  21       6  160    110  3.9   2.88  17.0     0     1     4     4
##  3  22.8     4  108     93  3.85  2.32  18.6     1     1     4     1
##  4  21.4     6  258    110  3.08  3.22  19.4     1     0     3     1
##  5  18.7     8  360    175  3.15  3.44  17.0     0     0     3     2
##  6  18.1     6  225    105  2.76  3.46  20.2     1     0     3     1
##  7  14.3     8  360    245  3.21  3.57  15.8     0     0     3     4
##  8  24.4     4  147.    62  3.69  3.19  20       1     0     4     2
##  9  22.8     4  141.    95  3.92  3.15  22.9     1     0     4     2
## 10  19.2     6  168.   123  3.92  3.44  18.3     1     0     4     4
## # ... with 22 more rows
# Contoh mengimpor data yang berukuran besar
system.time(accident<-read_csv("https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/Rdatasets/csv/DAAG/nassCDS.csv"))
## Warning: Missing column names filled in: 'X1' [1]
## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   X1 = col_double(),
##   dvcat = col_character(),
##   weight = col_double(),
##   dead = col_character(),
##   airbag = col_character(),
##   seatbelt = col_character(),
##   frontal = col_double(),
##   sex = col_character(),
##   ageOFocc = col_double(),
##   yearacc = col_double(),
##   yearVeh = col_double(),
##   abcat = col_character(),
##   occRole = col_character(),
##   deploy = col_double(),
##   injSeverity = col_double(),
##   caseid = col_character()
## )
##    user  system elapsed 
##    0.15    0.00    0.52
system.time(accident<-read.csv("https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/Rdatasets/csv/DAAG/nassCDS.csv"))
##    user  system elapsed 
##    2.64    0.03    2.94
library(datasets)
data(iris)
#iris<-tibble::as_tibble(iris)
mean(iris$Sepal.Length)
## [1] 5.843333
iris$Sepal.Length %>% mean()
## [1] 5.843333
x <- c(0.109, 0.359, 0.63, 0.996, 0.515, 0.142, 0.017, 0.829, 0.907)
round(exp(diff(log(x))), 1)
## [1]  3.3  1.8  1.6  0.5  0.3  0.1 48.8  1.1
x %>% log() %>%
    diff() %>%
    exp() %>%
    round(1)
## [1]  3.3  1.8  1.6  0.5  0.3  0.1 48.8  1.1
#menghitung rata-rata Sepal length setiap species
iris %>% group_by(Species) %>% summarise(mean=mean(Sepal.Length), .groups='drop')
## # A tibble: 3 x 2
##   Species     mean
## * <fct>      <dbl>
## 1 setosa      5.01
## 2 versicolor  5.94
## 3 virginica   6.59
#mengurutkan berdasarkan peubah Sepal.Length dari nilai terkecil
iris %>% arrange(Sepal.Length)
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width    Species
## 1            4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1     setosa
## 2            4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 3            4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 4            4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 5            4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 6            4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 7            4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 8            4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2     setosa
## 9            4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 10           4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 11           4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 12           4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 13           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 14           4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2     setosa
## 15           4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 16           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 17           4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 18           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 19           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 20           4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 21           4.9         2.4          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 22           4.9         2.5          4.5         1.7  virginica
## 23           5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 24           5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 25           5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 26           5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4     setosa
## 27           5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 28           5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 29           5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6     setosa
## 30           5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 31           5.0         2.0          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 32           5.0         2.3          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 33           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 34           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 35           5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3     setosa
## 36           5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 37           5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5     setosa
## 38           5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 39           5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4     setosa
## 40           5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 41           5.1         2.5          3.0         1.1 versicolor
## 42           5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 43           5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 44           5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 45           5.2         2.7          3.9         1.4 versicolor
## 46           5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 47           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4     setosa
## 48           5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 49           5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4     setosa
## 50           5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2     setosa
## 51           5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 52           5.4         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 53           5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 54           5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 55           5.5         2.3          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 56           5.5         2.4          3.8         1.1 versicolor
## 57           5.5         2.4          3.7         1.0 versicolor
## 58           5.5         2.5          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 59           5.5         2.6          4.4         1.2 versicolor
## 60           5.6         2.9          3.6         1.3 versicolor
## 61           5.6         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 62           5.6         2.5          3.9         1.1 versicolor
## 63           5.6         3.0          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 64           5.6         2.7          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 65           5.6         2.8          4.9         2.0  virginica
## 66           5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 67           5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3     setosa
## 68           5.7         2.8          4.5         1.3 versicolor
## 69           5.7         2.6          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 70           5.7         3.0          4.2         1.2 versicolor
## 71           5.7         2.9          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 72           5.7         2.8          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 73           5.7         2.5          5.0         2.0  virginica
## 74           5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 75           5.8         2.7          4.1         1.0 versicolor
## 76           5.8         2.7          3.9         1.2 versicolor
## 77           5.8         2.6          4.0         1.2 versicolor
## 78           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 79           5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4  virginica
## 80           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 81           5.9         3.0          4.2         1.5 versicolor
## 82           5.9         3.2          4.8         1.8 versicolor
## 83           5.9         3.0          5.1         1.8  virginica
## 84           6.0         2.2          4.0         1.0 versicolor
## 85           6.0         2.9          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 86           6.0         2.7          5.1         1.6 versicolor
## 87           6.0         3.4          4.5         1.6 versicolor
## 88           6.0         2.2          5.0         1.5  virginica
## 89           6.0         3.0          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 90           6.1         2.9          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 91           6.1         2.8          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 92           6.1         2.8          4.7         1.2 versicolor
## 93           6.1         3.0          4.6         1.4 versicolor
## 94           6.1         3.0          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 95           6.1         2.6          5.6         1.4  virginica
## 96           6.2         2.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 97           6.2         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 98           6.2         2.8          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 99           6.2         3.4          5.4         2.3  virginica
## 100          6.3         3.3          4.7         1.6 versicolor
## 101          6.3         2.5          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 102          6.3         2.3          4.4         1.3 versicolor
## 103          6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5  virginica
## 104          6.3         2.9          5.6         1.8  virginica
## 105          6.3         2.7          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 106          6.3         2.8          5.1         1.5  virginica
## 107          6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 108          6.3         2.5          5.0         1.9  virginica
## 109          6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 110          6.4         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 111          6.4         2.7          5.3         1.9  virginica
## 112          6.4         3.2          5.3         2.3  virginica
## 113          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.1  virginica
## 114          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.2  virginica
## 115          6.4         3.1          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 116          6.5         2.8          4.6         1.5 versicolor
## 117          6.5         3.0          5.8         2.2  virginica
## 118          6.5         3.2          5.1         2.0  virginica
## 119          6.5         3.0          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 120          6.5         3.0          5.2         2.0  virginica
## 121          6.6         2.9          4.6         1.3 versicolor
## 122          6.6         3.0          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 123          6.7         3.1          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 124          6.7         3.0          5.0         1.7 versicolor
## 125          6.7         3.1          4.7         1.5 versicolor
## 126          6.7         2.5          5.8         1.8  virginica
## 127          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.1  virginica
## 128          6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 129          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5  virginica
## 130          6.7         3.0          5.2         2.3  virginica
## 131          6.8         2.8          4.8         1.4 versicolor
## 132          6.8         3.0          5.5         2.1  virginica
## 133          6.8         3.2          5.9         2.3  virginica
## 134          6.9         3.1          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 135          6.9         3.2          5.7         2.3  virginica
## 136          6.9         3.1          5.4         2.1  virginica
## 137          6.9         3.1          5.1         2.3  virginica
## 138          7.0         3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 139          7.1         3.0          5.9         2.1  virginica
## 140          7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5  virginica
## 141          7.2         3.2          6.0         1.8  virginica
## 142          7.2         3.0          5.8         1.6  virginica
## 143          7.3         2.9          6.3         1.8  virginica
## 144          7.4         2.8          6.1         1.9  virginica
## 145          7.6         3.0          6.6         2.1  virginica
## 146          7.7         3.8          6.7         2.2  virginica
## 147          7.7         2.6          6.9         2.3  virginica
## 148          7.7         2.8          6.7         2.0  virginica
## 149          7.7         3.0          6.1         2.3  virginica
## 150          7.9         3.8          6.4         2.0  virginica
#mengurutkan berdasarkan peubah Sepal.Length dari nilai terbesar
iris %>% arrange(desc(Sepal.Length))
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width    Species
## 1            7.9         3.8          6.4         2.0  virginica
## 2            7.7         3.8          6.7         2.2  virginica
## 3            7.7         2.6          6.9         2.3  virginica
## 4            7.7         2.8          6.7         2.0  virginica
## 5            7.7         3.0          6.1         2.3  virginica
## 6            7.6         3.0          6.6         2.1  virginica
## 7            7.4         2.8          6.1         1.9  virginica
## 8            7.3         2.9          6.3         1.8  virginica
## 9            7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5  virginica
## 10           7.2         3.2          6.0         1.8  virginica
## 11           7.2         3.0          5.8         1.6  virginica
## 12           7.1         3.0          5.9         2.1  virginica
## 13           7.0         3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 14           6.9         3.1          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 15           6.9         3.2          5.7         2.3  virginica
## 16           6.9         3.1          5.4         2.1  virginica
## 17           6.9         3.1          5.1         2.3  virginica
## 18           6.8         2.8          4.8         1.4 versicolor
## 19           6.8         3.0          5.5         2.1  virginica
## 20           6.8         3.2          5.9         2.3  virginica
## 21           6.7         3.1          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 22           6.7         3.0          5.0         1.7 versicolor
## 23           6.7         3.1          4.7         1.5 versicolor
## 24           6.7         2.5          5.8         1.8  virginica
## 25           6.7         3.3          5.7         2.1  virginica
## 26           6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 27           6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5  virginica
## 28           6.7         3.0          5.2         2.3  virginica
## 29           6.6         2.9          4.6         1.3 versicolor
## 30           6.6         3.0          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 31           6.5         2.8          4.6         1.5 versicolor
## 32           6.5         3.0          5.8         2.2  virginica
## 33           6.5         3.2          5.1         2.0  virginica
## 34           6.5         3.0          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 35           6.5         3.0          5.2         2.0  virginica
## 36           6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 37           6.4         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 38           6.4         2.7          5.3         1.9  virginica
## 39           6.4         3.2          5.3         2.3  virginica
## 40           6.4         2.8          5.6         2.1  virginica
## 41           6.4         2.8          5.6         2.2  virginica
## 42           6.4         3.1          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 43           6.3         3.3          4.7         1.6 versicolor
## 44           6.3         2.5          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 45           6.3         2.3          4.4         1.3 versicolor
## 46           6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5  virginica
## 47           6.3         2.9          5.6         1.8  virginica
## 48           6.3         2.7          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 49           6.3         2.8          5.1         1.5  virginica
## 50           6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 51           6.3         2.5          5.0         1.9  virginica
## 52           6.2         2.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 53           6.2         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 54           6.2         2.8          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 55           6.2         3.4          5.4         2.3  virginica
## 56           6.1         2.9          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 57           6.1         2.8          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 58           6.1         2.8          4.7         1.2 versicolor
## 59           6.1         3.0          4.6         1.4 versicolor
## 60           6.1         3.0          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 61           6.1         2.6          5.6         1.4  virginica
## 62           6.0         2.2          4.0         1.0 versicolor
## 63           6.0         2.9          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 64           6.0         2.7          5.1         1.6 versicolor
## 65           6.0         3.4          4.5         1.6 versicolor
## 66           6.0         2.2          5.0         1.5  virginica
## 67           6.0         3.0          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 68           5.9         3.0          4.2         1.5 versicolor
## 69           5.9         3.2          4.8         1.8 versicolor
## 70           5.9         3.0          5.1         1.8  virginica
## 71           5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 72           5.8         2.7          4.1         1.0 versicolor
## 73           5.8         2.7          3.9         1.2 versicolor
## 74           5.8         2.6          4.0         1.2 versicolor
## 75           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 76           5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4  virginica
## 77           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 78           5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 79           5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3     setosa
## 80           5.7         2.8          4.5         1.3 versicolor
## 81           5.7         2.6          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 82           5.7         3.0          4.2         1.2 versicolor
## 83           5.7         2.9          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 84           5.7         2.8          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 85           5.7         2.5          5.0         2.0  virginica
## 86           5.6         2.9          3.6         1.3 versicolor
## 87           5.6         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 88           5.6         2.5          3.9         1.1 versicolor
## 89           5.6         3.0          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 90           5.6         2.7          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 91           5.6         2.8          4.9         2.0  virginica
## 92           5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 93           5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 94           5.5         2.3          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 95           5.5         2.4          3.8         1.1 versicolor
## 96           5.5         2.4          3.7         1.0 versicolor
## 97           5.5         2.5          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 98           5.5         2.6          4.4         1.2 versicolor
## 99           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4     setosa
## 100          5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 101          5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4     setosa
## 102          5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2     setosa
## 103          5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 104          5.4         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 105          5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 106          5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 107          5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 108          5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 109          5.2         2.7          3.9         1.4 versicolor
## 110          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 111          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 112          5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3     setosa
## 113          5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 114          5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5     setosa
## 115          5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 116          5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4     setosa
## 117          5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 118          5.1         2.5          3.0         1.1 versicolor
## 119          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 120          5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 121          5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 122          5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4     setosa
## 123          5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 124          5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 125          5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6     setosa
## 126          5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 127          5.0         2.0          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 128          5.0         2.3          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 129          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 130          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 131          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 132          4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 133          4.9         2.4          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 134          4.9         2.5          4.5         1.7  virginica
## 135          4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 136          4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 137          4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2     setosa
## 138          4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 139          4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 140          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 141          4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 142          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 143          4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 144          4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2     setosa
## 145          4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 146          4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 147          4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 148          4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 149          4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 150          4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1     setosa
iris %>% filter(Species=="setosa")
##    Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 2           4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 3           4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
## 4           4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 5           5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 6           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa
## 7           4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3  setosa
## 8           5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 9           4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 10          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1  setosa
## 11          5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 12          4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2  setosa
## 13          4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1  setosa
## 14          4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1  setosa
## 15          5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2  setosa
## 16          5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4  setosa
## 17          5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4  setosa
## 18          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3  setosa
## 19          5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3  setosa
## 20          5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3  setosa
## 21          5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2  setosa
## 22          5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4  setosa
## 23          4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2  setosa
## 24          5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5  setosa
## 25          4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2  setosa
## 26          5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2  setosa
## 27          5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4  setosa
## 28          5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 29          5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 30          4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2  setosa
## 31          4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2  setosa
## 32          5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4  setosa
## 33          5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1  setosa
## 34          5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 35          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 36          5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2  setosa
## 37          5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2  setosa
## 38          4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1  setosa
## 39          4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2  setosa
## 40          5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 41          5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3  setosa
## 42          4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3  setosa
## 43          4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
## 44          5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6  setosa
## 45          5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4  setosa
## 46          4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3  setosa
## 47          5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2  setosa
## 48          4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2  setosa
## 49          5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2  setosa
## 50          5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2  setosa
iris %>% select(Species,Petal.Width,Petal.Length)
##        Species Petal.Width Petal.Length
## 1       setosa         0.2          1.4
## 2       setosa         0.2          1.4
## 3       setosa         0.2          1.3
## 4       setosa         0.2          1.5
## 5       setosa         0.2          1.4
## 6       setosa         0.4          1.7
## 7       setosa         0.3          1.4
## 8       setosa         0.2          1.5
## 9       setosa         0.2          1.4
## 10      setosa         0.1          1.5
## 11      setosa         0.2          1.5
## 12      setosa         0.2          1.6
## 13      setosa         0.1          1.4
## 14      setosa         0.1          1.1
## 15      setosa         0.2          1.2
## 16      setosa         0.4          1.5
## 17      setosa         0.4          1.3
## 18      setosa         0.3          1.4
## 19      setosa         0.3          1.7
## 20      setosa         0.3          1.5
## 21      setosa         0.2          1.7
## 22      setosa         0.4          1.5
## 23      setosa         0.2          1.0
## 24      setosa         0.5          1.7
## 25      setosa         0.2          1.9
## 26      setosa         0.2          1.6
## 27      setosa         0.4          1.6
## 28      setosa         0.2          1.5
## 29      setosa         0.2          1.4
## 30      setosa         0.2          1.6
## 31      setosa         0.2          1.6
## 32      setosa         0.4          1.5
## 33      setosa         0.1          1.5
## 34      setosa         0.2          1.4
## 35      setosa         0.2          1.5
## 36      setosa         0.2          1.2
## 37      setosa         0.2          1.3
## 38      setosa         0.1          1.4
## 39      setosa         0.2          1.3
## 40      setosa         0.2          1.5
## 41      setosa         0.3          1.3
## 42      setosa         0.3          1.3
## 43      setosa         0.2          1.3
## 44      setosa         0.6          1.6
## 45      setosa         0.4          1.9
## 46      setosa         0.3          1.4
## 47      setosa         0.2          1.6
## 48      setosa         0.2          1.4
## 49      setosa         0.2          1.5
## 50      setosa         0.2          1.4
## 51  versicolor         1.4          4.7
## 52  versicolor         1.5          4.5
## 53  versicolor         1.5          4.9
## 54  versicolor         1.3          4.0
## 55  versicolor         1.5          4.6
## 56  versicolor         1.3          4.5
## 57  versicolor         1.6          4.7
## 58  versicolor         1.0          3.3
## 59  versicolor         1.3          4.6
## 60  versicolor         1.4          3.9
## 61  versicolor         1.0          3.5
## 62  versicolor         1.5          4.2
## 63  versicolor         1.0          4.0
## 64  versicolor         1.4          4.7
## 65  versicolor         1.3          3.6
## 66  versicolor         1.4          4.4
## 67  versicolor         1.5          4.5
## 68  versicolor         1.0          4.1
## 69  versicolor         1.5          4.5
## 70  versicolor         1.1          3.9
## 71  versicolor         1.8          4.8
## 72  versicolor         1.3          4.0
## 73  versicolor         1.5          4.9
## 74  versicolor         1.2          4.7
## 75  versicolor         1.3          4.3
## 76  versicolor         1.4          4.4
## 77  versicolor         1.4          4.8
## 78  versicolor         1.7          5.0
## 79  versicolor         1.5          4.5
## 80  versicolor         1.0          3.5
## 81  versicolor         1.1          3.8
## 82  versicolor         1.0          3.7
## 83  versicolor         1.2          3.9
## 84  versicolor         1.6          5.1
## 85  versicolor         1.5          4.5
## 86  versicolor         1.6          4.5
## 87  versicolor         1.5          4.7
## 88  versicolor         1.3          4.4
## 89  versicolor         1.3          4.1
## 90  versicolor         1.3          4.0
## 91  versicolor         1.2          4.4
## 92  versicolor         1.4          4.6
## 93  versicolor         1.2          4.0
## 94  versicolor         1.0          3.3
## 95  versicolor         1.3          4.2
## 96  versicolor         1.2          4.2
## 97  versicolor         1.3          4.2
## 98  versicolor         1.3          4.3
## 99  versicolor         1.1          3.0
## 100 versicolor         1.3          4.1
## 101  virginica         2.5          6.0
## 102  virginica         1.9          5.1
## 103  virginica         2.1          5.9
## 104  virginica         1.8          5.6
## 105  virginica         2.2          5.8
## 106  virginica         2.1          6.6
## 107  virginica         1.7          4.5
## 108  virginica         1.8          6.3
## 109  virginica         1.8          5.8
## 110  virginica         2.5          6.1
## 111  virginica         2.0          5.1
## 112  virginica         1.9          5.3
## 113  virginica         2.1          5.5
## 114  virginica         2.0          5.0
## 115  virginica         2.4          5.1
## 116  virginica         2.3          5.3
## 117  virginica         1.8          5.5
## 118  virginica         2.2          6.7
## 119  virginica         2.3          6.9
## 120  virginica         1.5          5.0
## 121  virginica         2.3          5.7
## 122  virginica         2.0          4.9
## 123  virginica         2.0          6.7
## 124  virginica         1.8          4.9
## 125  virginica         2.1          5.7
## 126  virginica         1.8          6.0
## 127  virginica         1.8          4.8
## 128  virginica         1.8          4.9
## 129  virginica         2.1          5.6
## 130  virginica         1.6          5.8
## 131  virginica         1.9          6.1
## 132  virginica         2.0          6.4
## 133  virginica         2.2          5.6
## 134  virginica         1.5          5.1
## 135  virginica         1.4          5.6
## 136  virginica         2.3          6.1
## 137  virginica         2.4          5.6
## 138  virginica         1.8          5.5
## 139  virginica         1.8          4.8
## 140  virginica         2.1          5.4
## 141  virginica         2.4          5.6
## 142  virginica         2.3          5.1
## 143  virginica         1.9          5.1
## 144  virginica         2.3          5.9
## 145  virginica         2.5          5.7
## 146  virginica         2.3          5.2
## 147  virginica         1.9          5.0
## 148  virginica         2.0          5.2
## 149  virginica         2.3          5.4
## 150  virginica         1.8          5.1
iris %>% mutate(sepal=Sepal.Length+Sepal.Width)
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width    Species sepal
## 1            5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.6
## 2            4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 3            4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 4            4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa   7.7
## 5            5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.6
## 6            5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4     setosa   9.3
## 7            4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3     setosa   8.0
## 8            5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.4
## 9            4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2     setosa   7.3
## 10           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1     setosa   8.0
## 11           5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa   9.1
## 12           4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 13           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1     setosa   7.8
## 14           4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1     setosa   7.3
## 15           5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2     setosa   9.8
## 16           5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4     setosa  10.1
## 17           5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4     setosa   9.3
## 18           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3     setosa   8.6
## 19           5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3     setosa   9.5
## 20           5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3     setosa   8.9
## 21           5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2     setosa   8.8
## 22           5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4     setosa   8.8
## 23           4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 24           5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5     setosa   8.4
## 25           4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 26           5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2     setosa   8.0
## 27           5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4     setosa   8.4
## 28           5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.7
## 29           5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.6
## 30           4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 31           4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 32           5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4     setosa   8.8
## 33           5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1     setosa   9.3
## 34           5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2     setosa   9.7
## 35           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.0
## 36           5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 37           5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2     setosa   9.0
## 38           4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1     setosa   8.5
## 39           4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2     setosa   7.4
## 40           5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.5
## 41           5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3     setosa   8.5
## 42           4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3     setosa   6.8
## 43           4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa   7.6
## 44           5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6     setosa   8.5
## 45           5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4     setosa   8.9
## 46           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3     setosa   7.8
## 47           5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2     setosa   8.9
## 48           4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2     setosa   7.8
## 49           5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa   9.0
## 50           5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.3
## 51           7.0         3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor  10.2
## 52           6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor   9.6
## 53           6.9         3.1          4.9         1.5 versicolor  10.0
## 54           5.5         2.3          4.0         1.3 versicolor   7.8
## 55           6.5         2.8          4.6         1.5 versicolor   9.3
## 56           5.7         2.8          4.5         1.3 versicolor   8.5
## 57           6.3         3.3          4.7         1.6 versicolor   9.6
## 58           4.9         2.4          3.3         1.0 versicolor   7.3
## 59           6.6         2.9          4.6         1.3 versicolor   9.5
## 60           5.2         2.7          3.9         1.4 versicolor   7.9
## 61           5.0         2.0          3.5         1.0 versicolor   7.0
## 62           5.9         3.0          4.2         1.5 versicolor   8.9
## 63           6.0         2.2          4.0         1.0 versicolor   8.2
## 64           6.1         2.9          4.7         1.4 versicolor   9.0
## 65           5.6         2.9          3.6         1.3 versicolor   8.5
## 66           6.7         3.1          4.4         1.4 versicolor   9.8
## 67           5.6         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.6
## 68           5.8         2.7          4.1         1.0 versicolor   8.5
## 69           6.2         2.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.4
## 70           5.6         2.5          3.9         1.1 versicolor   8.1
## 71           5.9         3.2          4.8         1.8 versicolor   9.1
## 72           6.1         2.8          4.0         1.3 versicolor   8.9
## 73           6.3         2.5          4.9         1.5 versicolor   8.8
## 74           6.1         2.8          4.7         1.2 versicolor   8.9
## 75           6.4         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor   9.3
## 76           6.6         3.0          4.4         1.4 versicolor   9.6
## 77           6.8         2.8          4.8         1.4 versicolor   9.6
## 78           6.7         3.0          5.0         1.7 versicolor   9.7
## 79           6.0         2.9          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.9
## 80           5.7         2.6          3.5         1.0 versicolor   8.3
## 81           5.5         2.4          3.8         1.1 versicolor   7.9
## 82           5.5         2.4          3.7         1.0 versicolor   7.9
## 83           5.8         2.7          3.9         1.2 versicolor   8.5
## 84           6.0         2.7          5.1         1.6 versicolor   8.7
## 85           5.4         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.4
## 86           6.0         3.4          4.5         1.6 versicolor   9.4
## 87           6.7         3.1          4.7         1.5 versicolor   9.8
## 88           6.3         2.3          4.4         1.3 versicolor   8.6
## 89           5.6         3.0          4.1         1.3 versicolor   8.6
## 90           5.5         2.5          4.0         1.3 versicolor   8.0
## 91           5.5         2.6          4.4         1.2 versicolor   8.1
## 92           6.1         3.0          4.6         1.4 versicolor   9.1
## 93           5.8         2.6          4.0         1.2 versicolor   8.4
## 94           5.0         2.3          3.3         1.0 versicolor   7.3
## 95           5.6         2.7          4.2         1.3 versicolor   8.3
## 96           5.7         3.0          4.2         1.2 versicolor   8.7
## 97           5.7         2.9          4.2         1.3 versicolor   8.6
## 98           6.2         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor   9.1
## 99           5.1         2.5          3.0         1.1 versicolor   7.6
## 100          5.7         2.8          4.1         1.3 versicolor   8.5
## 101          6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5  virginica   9.6
## 102          5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica   8.5
## 103          7.1         3.0          5.9         2.1  virginica  10.1
## 104          6.3         2.9          5.6         1.8  virginica   9.2
## 105          6.5         3.0          5.8         2.2  virginica   9.5
## 106          7.6         3.0          6.6         2.1  virginica  10.6
## 107          4.9         2.5          4.5         1.7  virginica   7.4
## 108          7.3         2.9          6.3         1.8  virginica  10.2
## 109          6.7         2.5          5.8         1.8  virginica   9.2
## 110          7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5  virginica  10.8
## 111          6.5         3.2          5.1         2.0  virginica   9.7
## 112          6.4         2.7          5.3         1.9  virginica   9.1
## 113          6.8         3.0          5.5         2.1  virginica   9.8
## 114          5.7         2.5          5.0         2.0  virginica   8.2
## 115          5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4  virginica   8.6
## 116          6.4         3.2          5.3         2.3  virginica   9.6
## 117          6.5         3.0          5.5         1.8  virginica   9.5
## 118          7.7         3.8          6.7         2.2  virginica  11.5
## 119          7.7         2.6          6.9         2.3  virginica  10.3
## 120          6.0         2.2          5.0         1.5  virginica   8.2
## 121          6.9         3.2          5.7         2.3  virginica  10.1
## 122          5.6         2.8          4.9         2.0  virginica   8.4
## 123          7.7         2.8          6.7         2.0  virginica  10.5
## 124          6.3         2.7          4.9         1.8  virginica   9.0
## 125          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.1  virginica  10.0
## 126          7.2         3.2          6.0         1.8  virginica  10.4
## 127          6.2         2.8          4.8         1.8  virginica   9.0
## 128          6.1         3.0          4.9         1.8  virginica   9.1
## 129          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.1  virginica   9.2
## 130          7.2         3.0          5.8         1.6  virginica  10.2
## 131          7.4         2.8          6.1         1.9  virginica  10.2
## 132          7.9         3.8          6.4         2.0  virginica  11.7
## 133          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.2  virginica   9.2
## 134          6.3         2.8          5.1         1.5  virginica   9.1
## 135          6.1         2.6          5.6         1.4  virginica   8.7
## 136          7.7         3.0          6.1         2.3  virginica  10.7
## 137          6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4  virginica   9.7
## 138          6.4         3.1          5.5         1.8  virginica   9.5
## 139          6.0         3.0          4.8         1.8  virginica   9.0
## 140          6.9         3.1          5.4         2.1  virginica  10.0
## 141          6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4  virginica   9.8
## 142          6.9         3.1          5.1         2.3  virginica  10.0
## 143          5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica   8.5
## 144          6.8         3.2          5.9         2.3  virginica  10.0
## 145          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5  virginica  10.0
## 146          6.7         3.0          5.2         2.3  virginica   9.7
## 147          6.3         2.5          5.0         1.9  virginica   8.8
## 148          6.5         3.0          5.2         2.0  virginica   9.5
## 149          6.2         3.4          5.4         2.3  virginica   9.6
## 150          5.9         3.0          5.1         1.8  virginica   8.9
install.packages("Lahman")
library(Lahman)
data("Teams")
#Teams<-tibble::as_tibble(Teams)
??Teams
dim(Teams)
## [1] 2925   48
head(Teams)
##   yearID lgID teamID franchID divID Rank  G Ghome  W  L DivWin WCWin LgWin
## 1   1871   NA    BS1      BNA  <NA>    3 31    NA 20 10   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 2   1871   NA    CH1      CNA  <NA>    2 28    NA 19  9   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 3   1871   NA    CL1      CFC  <NA>    8 29    NA 10 19   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 4   1871   NA    FW1      KEK  <NA>    7 19    NA  7 12   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 5   1871   NA    NY2      NNA  <NA>    5 33    NA 16 17   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 6   1871   NA    PH1      PNA  <NA>    1 28    NA 21  7   <NA>  <NA>     Y
##   WSWin   R   AB   H X2B X3B HR BB SO SB CS HBP SF  RA  ER  ERA CG SHO SV
## 1  <NA> 401 1372 426  70  37  3 60 19 73 16  NA NA 303 109 3.55 22   1  3
## 2  <NA> 302 1196 323  52  21 10 60 22 69 21  NA NA 241  77 2.76 25   0  1
## 3  <NA> 249 1186 328  35  40  7 26 25 18  8  NA NA 341 116 4.11 23   0  0
## 4  <NA> 137  746 178  19   8  2 33  9 16  4  NA NA 243  97 5.17 19   1  0
## 5  <NA> 302 1404 403  43  21  1 33 15 46 15  NA NA 313 121 3.72 32   1  0
## 6  <NA> 376 1281 410  66  27  9 46 23 56 12  NA NA 266 137 4.95 27   0  0
##   IPouts  HA HRA BBA SOA   E DP    FP                    name
## 1    828 367   2  42  23 243 24 0.834    Boston Red Stockings
## 2    753 308   6  28  22 229 16 0.829 Chicago White Stockings
## 3    762 346  13  53  34 234 15 0.818  Cleveland Forest Citys
## 4    507 261   5  21  17 163  8 0.803    Fort Wayne Kekiongas
## 5    879 373   7  42  22 235 14 0.840        New York Mutuals
## 6    747 329   3  53  16 194 13 0.845  Philadelphia Athletics
##                           park attendance BPF PPF teamIDBR teamIDlahman45
## 1          South End Grounds I         NA 103  98      BOS            BS1
## 2      Union Base-Ball Grounds         NA 104 102      CHI            CH1
## 3 National Association Grounds         NA  96 100      CLE            CL1
## 4               Hamilton Field         NA 101 107      KEK            FW1
## 5     Union Grounds (Brooklyn)         NA  90  88      NYU            NY2
## 6     Jefferson Street Grounds         NA 102  98      ATH            PH1
##   teamIDretro
## 1         BS1
## 2         CH1
## 3         CL1
## 4         FW1
## 5         NY2
## 6         PH1
glimpse(Teams)
## Rows: 2,925
## Columns: 48
## $ yearID         <int> 1871, 1871, 1871, 1871, 1871, 1871, 1871, 1871, 1871...
## $ lgID           <fct> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ teamID         <fct> BS1, CH1, CL1, FW1, NY2, PH1, RC1, TRO, WS3, BL1, BR...
## $ franchID       <fct> BNA, CNA, CFC, KEK, NNA, PNA, ROK, TRO, OLY, BLC, EC...
## $ divID          <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ Rank           <int> 3, 2, 8, 7, 5, 1, 9, 6, 4, 2, 9, 6, 1, 7, 8, 3, 4, 5...
## $ G              <int> 31, 28, 29, 19, 33, 28, 25, 29, 32, 58, 29, 37, 48, ...
## $ Ghome          <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ W              <int> 20, 19, 10, 7, 16, 21, 4, 13, 15, 35, 3, 9, 39, 6, 5...
## $ L              <int> 10, 9, 19, 12, 17, 7, 21, 15, 15, 19, 26, 28, 8, 16,...
## $ DivWin         <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ WCWin          <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ LgWin          <chr> "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "Y", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N...
## $ WSWin          <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ R              <int> 401, 302, 249, 137, 302, 376, 231, 351, 310, 617, 15...
## $ AB             <int> 1372, 1196, 1186, 746, 1404, 1281, 1036, 1248, 1353,...
## $ H              <int> 426, 323, 328, 178, 403, 410, 274, 384, 375, 753, 24...
## $ X2B            <int> 70, 52, 35, 19, 43, 66, 44, 51, 54, 106, 29, 35, 107...
## $ X3B            <int> 37, 21, 40, 8, 21, 27, 25, 34, 26, 31, 9, 10, 30, 5,...
## $ HR             <int> 3, 10, 7, 2, 1, 9, 3, 6, 6, 14, 0, 1, 7, 0, 2, 4, 4,...
## $ BB             <int> 60, 60, 26, 33, 33, 46, 38, 49, 48, 29, 18, 19, 29, ...
## $ SO             <int> 19, 22, 25, 9, 15, 23, 30, 19, 13, 28, 40, 25, 26, 1...
## $ SB             <int> 73, 69, 18, 16, 46, 56, 53, 62, 48, 53, 8, 19, 48, 1...
## $ CS             <int> 16, 21, 8, 4, 15, 12, 10, 24, 13, 18, 13, 16, 14, 3,...
## $ HBP            <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ SF             <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ RA             <int> 303, 241, 341, 243, 313, 266, 287, 362, 303, 434, 41...
## $ ER             <int> 109, 77, 116, 97, 121, 137, 108, 153, 137, 166, 160,...
## $ ERA            <dbl> 3.55, 2.76, 4.11, 5.17, 3.72, 4.95, 4.30, 5.51, 4.37...
## $ CG             <int> 22, 25, 23, 19, 32, 27, 23, 28, 32, 48, 28, 37, 41, ...
## $ SHO            <int> 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2...
## $ SV             <int> 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1...
## $ IPouts         <int> 828, 753, 762, 507, 879, 747, 678, 750, 846, 1548, 7...
## $ HA             <int> 367, 308, 346, 261, 373, 329, 315, 431, 371, 573, 48...
## $ HRA            <int> 2, 6, 13, 5, 7, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 7, 6, 0, 6, 6, 2, 3, ...
## $ BBA            <int> 42, 28, 53, 21, 42, 53, 34, 75, 45, 63, 36, 21, 27, ...
## $ SOA            <int> 23, 22, 34, 17, 22, 16, 16, 12, 13, 77, 13, 13, 29, ...
## $ E              <int> 243, 229, 234, 163, 235, 194, 220, 198, 218, 432, 27...
## $ DP             <int> 24, 16, 15, 8, 14, 13, 14, 22, 20, 22, 9, 15, 44, 17...
## $ FP             <dbl> 0.834, 0.829, 0.818, 0.803, 0.840, 0.845, 0.821, 0.8...
## $ name           <chr> "Boston Red Stockings", "Chicago White Stockings", "...
## $ park           <chr> "South End Grounds I", "Union Base-Ball Grounds", "N...
## $ attendance     <int> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ...
## $ BPF            <int> 103, 104, 96, 101, 90, 102, 97, 101, 94, 106, 87, 11...
## $ PPF            <int> 98, 102, 100, 107, 88, 98, 99, 100, 98, 102, 96, 122...
## $ teamIDBR       <chr> "BOS", "CHI", "CLE", "KEK", "NYU", "ATH", "ROK", "TR...
## $ teamIDlahman45 <chr> "BS1", "CH1", "CL1", "FW1", "NY2", "PH1", "RC1", "TR...
## $ teamIDretro    <chr> "BS1", "CH1", "CL1", "FW1", "NY2", "PH1", "RC1", "TR...
mets<-Teams %>% filter(teamID=="NYN")
nrow(mets)
## [1] 58
head(mets)
##   yearID lgID teamID franchID divID Rank   G Ghome  W   L DivWin WCWin LgWin
## 1   1962   NL    NYN      NYM  <NA>   10 161    80 40 120   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 2   1963   NL    NYN      NYM  <NA>   10 162    81 51 111   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 3   1964   NL    NYN      NYM  <NA>   10 163    82 53 109   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 4   1965   NL    NYN      NYM  <NA>   10 164    82 50 112   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 5   1966   NL    NYN      NYM  <NA>    9 161    81 66  95   <NA>  <NA>     N
## 6   1967   NL    NYN      NYM  <NA>   10 162    78 61 101   <NA>  <NA>     N
##   WSWin   R   AB    H X2B X3B  HR  BB   SO SB CS HBP SF  RA  ER  ERA CG SHO SV
## 1     N 617 5492 1318 166  40 139 616  991 59 48  NA NA 948 801 5.04 43   4 10
## 2     N 501 5336 1168 156  35  96 457 1078 41 52  NA NA 774 653 4.12 42   5 12
## 3     N 569 5566 1372 195  31 103 353  932 36 31  NA NA 776 679 4.25 40  10 15
## 4     N 495 5441 1202 203  27 107 392 1129 28 42  NA NA 752 656 4.06 29  11 14
## 5     N 587 5371 1286 187  35  98 446  992 55 46  NA NA 761 661 4.17 37   9 22
## 6     N 498 5417 1288 178  23  83 362  981 58 44  NA NA 672 594 3.73 36  10 19
##   IPouts   HA HRA BBA SOA   E  DP    FP          name            park
## 1   4290 1577 192 571 772 210 167 0.967 New York Mets Polo Grounds IV
## 2   4281 1452 162 529 806 208 151 0.967 New York Mets Polo Grounds IV
## 3   4314 1511 130 466 717 166 154 0.974 New York Mets    Shea Stadium
## 4   4362 1462 147 498 776 169 153 0.974 New York Mets    Shea Stadium
## 5   4281 1497 166 521 773 159 171 0.975 New York Mets    Shea Stadium
## 6   4299 1369 124 536 893 157 147 0.975 New York Mets    Shea Stadium
##   attendance BPF PPF teamIDBR teamIDlahman45 teamIDretro
## 1     922530 100 105      NYM            NYN         NYN
## 2    1080108 100 105      NYM            NYN         NYN
## 3    1732597  97 100      NYM            NYN         NYN
## 4    1768389  96  99      NYM            NYN         NYN
## 5    1932693  97 100      NYM            NYN         NYN
## 6    1565492  98 100      NYM            NYN         NYN
myMets<-mets %>% filter(yearID %in% 2004:2012)
myMets %>% select(yearID, teamID, W, L)
##   yearID teamID  W  L
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88
Teams %>%
  select(yearID, teamID, W, L) %>%
  filter(teamID=="NYN" & yearID %in% 2004:2012)
##   yearID teamID  W  L
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88
metsBen <- Teams %>% select(yearID, teamID, W, L, R, RA) %>%
filter(teamID == "NYN" & yearID %in% 2004:2012)
metsBen
##   yearID teamID  W  L   R  RA
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91 684 731
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79 722 648
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73 799 715
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92 671 757
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83 656 652
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85 718 742
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709
metsBen <- metsBen %>% rename(RS = R) # new name = old name
metsBen
##   yearID teamID  W  L  RS  RA
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91 684 731
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79 722 648
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73 799 715
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92 671 757
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83 656 652
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85 718 742
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709
metsBen <- metsBen %>% mutate(WPct = W / (W + L))
metsBen
##   yearID teamID  W  L  RS  RA      WPct
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91 684 731 0.4382716
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79 722 648 0.5123457
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731 0.5987654
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750 0.5432099
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73 799 715 0.5493827
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92 671 757 0.4320988
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83 656 652 0.4876543
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85 718 742 0.4753086
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709 0.4567901
metsBen <- metsBen %>% mutate(WPct_hat = 1 / (1 +(RA/RS)^2))
metsBen
##   yearID teamID  W  L  RS  RA      WPct  WPct_hat
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91 684 731 0.4382716 0.4668211
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79 722 648 0.5123457 0.5538575
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731 0.5987654 0.5655308
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750 0.5432099 0.5347071
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73 799 715 0.5493827 0.5553119
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92 671 757 0.4320988 0.4399936
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83 656 652 0.4876543 0.5030581
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85 718 742 0.4753086 0.4835661
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709 0.4567901 0.4566674
metsBen <- metsBen %>% mutate(W_hat = WPct_hat * (W + L))
metsBen
##   yearID teamID  W  L  RS  RA      WPct  WPct_hat    W_hat
## 1   2004    NYN 71 91 684 731 0.4382716 0.4668211 75.62501
## 2   2005    NYN 83 79 722 648 0.5123457 0.5538575 89.72491
## 3   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731 0.5987654 0.5655308 91.61600
## 4   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750 0.5432099 0.5347071 86.62255
## 5   2008    NYN 89 73 799 715 0.5493827 0.5553119 89.96053
## 6   2009    NYN 70 92 671 757 0.4320988 0.4399936 71.27896
## 7   2010    NYN 79 83 656 652 0.4876543 0.5030581 81.49541
## 8   2011    NYN 77 85 718 742 0.4753086 0.4835661 78.33771
## 9   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709 0.4567901 0.4566674 73.98012
filter(metsBen, W >= W_hat)
##   yearID teamID  W  L  RS  RA      WPct  WPct_hat    W_hat
## 1   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731 0.5987654 0.5655308 91.61600
## 2   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750 0.5432099 0.5347071 86.62255
## 3   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709 0.4567901 0.4566674 73.98012
arrange(metsBen, desc(WPct))
##   yearID teamID  W  L  RS  RA      WPct  WPct_hat    W_hat
## 1   2006    NYN 97 65 834 731 0.5987654 0.5655308 91.61600
## 2   2008    NYN 89 73 799 715 0.5493827 0.5553119 89.96053
## 3   2007    NYN 88 74 804 750 0.5432099 0.5347071 86.62255
## 4   2005    NYN 83 79 722 648 0.5123457 0.5538575 89.72491
## 5   2010    NYN 79 83 656 652 0.4876543 0.5030581 81.49541
## 6   2011    NYN 77 85 718 742 0.4753086 0.4835661 78.33771
## 7   2012    NYN 74 88 650 709 0.4567901 0.4566674 73.98012
## 8   2004    NYN 71 91 684 731 0.4382716 0.4668211 75.62501
## 9   2009    NYN 70 92 671 757 0.4320988 0.4399936 71.27896
metsBen %>%
  summarize(num_years = n(), total_W = sum(W), total_L = sum(L),
            total_WPct = sum(W) / sum(W + L), sum_resid = sum(W - W_hat))
##   num_years total_W total_L total_WPct sum_resid
## 1         9     728     730  0.4993141 -10.64119