Here I examine the relationship between hurricane exposure in-utero and birth outcomes. I define a child as “treated” when the population centroid of their district is 50 km or less away from a hurricane of 64 kt surface wind or greater in the 9 months before their birth.
## [1] "# of children in the sample:32298"## [1] "# of treated children: 1003"## [1] "average birth weight: 2864.92575391665"## OLS estimation, Dep. Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
## Observations: 32,293
## Fixed-effects: district_name: 104, bday_mo: 192, GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year: 223
## Standard-errors: Clustered (district_name)
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## treated 0.005757 0.008373 0.687515 0.493303
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008680 0.006094 1.424300 0.157371
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.020086 0.005318 3.777200 0.000266 ***
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.046122 0.006838 6.744700 9.14e-10 ***
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.061134 0.058628 1.042700 0.299506
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.024555 0.002884 -8.515300 1.45e-13 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.276203 0.019551 -14.127000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.309600 0.027541 -11.241000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.453309 0.018124 -25.011000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.018597 0.004247 4.378900 2.9e-05 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.025094 0.005869 4.275600 4.3e-05 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.029221 0.010072 2.901300 0.004545 **
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.047968 0.014022 3.420900 0.000896 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.050657 0.017042 2.972500 0.003678 **
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.022375 0.044932 0.497967 0.619569
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.018271 0.043802 0.417121 0.677458
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.095182 0.056405 1.687500 0.094537 .
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.103391 0.091496 -1.130000 0.261097
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.024687 0.017878 -1.380900 0.170307
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.153958 0.059867 2.571700 0.011548 *
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.261846 0.013889 -18.853000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.105045 0.019797 5.306100 6.45e-07 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.183557 0.019818 9.261900 3.24e-15 ***
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.060364 0.079520 -0.759105 0.449524
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.065440 0.078124 -0.837636 0.404175
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.088173 0.079854 -1.104200 0.272087
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.073584 0.079390 -0.926871 0.35616
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.261838 0.121414 -2.156600 0.033366 *
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.217608 0.148487 -1.465500 0.145828
## factor(RELIGION)7300 0.008022 0.080509 0.099644 0.920821
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.189251 0.155119 -1.220000 0.225239
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.104777 0.081049 -1.292800 0.198985
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.048356 0.088876 -0.544086 0.587558
## factor(URBAN)2 0.000957 0.005269 0.181572 0.856276
## WEALTHS 0.019626 0.002588 7.582200 1.55e-11 ***
## mean_children -0.026230 0.022109 -1.186400 0.238198
## literacy -0.074824 0.088060 -0.849686 0.397471
## mean_wealth -0.006498 0.032145 -0.202136 0.840209
## urban_per -0.016132 0.043031 -0.374889 0.708514
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## RMSE: 0.264041 Adj. R2: 0.06705
## Within R2: 0.042394## [1] "# of children in the sample:4868"## [1] "# of treated children: 314"## [1] "average birth weight: 2882.9135168447"## reg_no_2015
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.003593 (0.0431)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.02161 (0.02406)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.04133* (0.02033)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.08768*** (0.02459)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.03434 (0.07083)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02847* (0.01153)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.4*** (0.09742)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3546*** (0.07869)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.004712 (0.01005)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.03345. (0.01723)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02039 (0.02279)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.127** (0.04264)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.0006175 (0.06486)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.1376* (0.06271)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.1455 (0.1117)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.0532 (0.1244)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.02858 (0.08635)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.292*** (0.06297)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 0.1009 (0.08158)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 0.09273 (0.08257)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.01644 (0.09296)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 0.06183 (0.08241)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.1197 (0.1555)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.0449 (0.2696)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1006 (0.1222)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 0.1006 (0.08775)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 0.09908 (0.09436)
## factor(URBAN)2 -0.001857 (0.01326)
## WEALTHS 0.01663* (0.006953)
## mean_children -0.05791 (0.03596)
## literacy -0.1138 (0.1278)
## mean_wealth -0.01939 (0.07118)
## urban_per -0.02809 (0.08684)
## treated x WEALTHS -0.01386 (0.04983)
## Fixed-Effects: --------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ ____________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 4,867
## R2 0.171268
## Within R2 0.04881## reg_low reg_rural
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT) log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.01096 (0.01587) -0.004957 (0.0137)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.01809** (0.00667) 0.009624 (0.007359)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02424*** (0.007112) 0.02142*** (0.005866)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.03523* (0.01409) 0.05526*** (0.008381)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.08735. (0.04405) 0.04683 (0.05186)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.01687*** (0.004958) -0.02306*** (0.003357)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.2473*** (0.03293) -0.2671*** (0.02671)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.2233*** (0.03644) -0.3072*** (0.03752)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.02466*** (0.006165) 0.02285*** (0.004711)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.01833* (0.008651) 0.02796*** (0.006561)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02922. (0.01502) 0.03739** (0.01231)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04755* (0.01845) 0.06306*** (0.01823)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.04822** (0.01543) 0.04468** (0.01682)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 -0.00537 (0.06) -0.00649 (0.06082)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 -0.01216 (0.04276) 0.02301 (0.04354)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.1492. (0.07759) 0.16 (0.1019)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1035 (0.0784) -0.09966 (0.0973)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 0.02148 (0.02326) 0.01166 (0.02275)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.3003* (0.1456) 0.1615 (0.1154)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2573*** (0.01753) -0.2749*** (0.01459)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.1225 (0.08529) -0.05933 (0.08562)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.1465. (0.08443) -0.07903 (0.08228)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.1267 (0.08555) -0.07487 (0.08603)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.1508. (0.08496) -0.08727 (0.08553)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.3658** (0.1105) -0.1894 (0.1197)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1542. (0.08542) -0.0888 (0.08568)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.1515 (0.1048) -0.08174 (0.0965)
## mean_children 0.05729 (0.05639) 0.0257 (0.03149)
## literacy -0.0923 (0.1904) -0.07222 (0.1413)
## mean_wealth -0.06283 (0.07793) -0.07182. (0.04274)
## urban_per 0.07794 (0.08274) 0.06134 (0.04352)
## WEALTHS 0.02034** (0.006483) 0.01947*** (0.003613)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4724*** (0.02473)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1199*** (0.02077)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1867*** (0.0264)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.4258*** (0.08728)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.001007 (0.09833)
## Fixed-Effects: ---------------------- ----------------------
## district_name Yes Yes
## bday_mo Yes Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes Yes
## _________________________ ______________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name by: district_name
## Observations 14,628 20,993
## R2 0.088948 0.094442
## Within R2 0.027891 0.043364## reg_2 reg_3
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT) log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.012 (0.01137) -0.03705* (0.01521)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008713 (0.006091) 0.008725 (0.006091)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02028*** (0.005316) 0.02038*** (0.005314)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.04631*** (0.006831) 0.04643*** (0.006836)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.06097 (0.05828) 0.06029 (0.0582)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02462*** (0.002894) -0.02467*** (0.002899)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.2759*** (0.01945) -0.2755*** (0.01951)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3093*** (0.02729) -0.309*** (0.02724)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4533*** (0.01811) -0.4533*** (0.01811)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.01849*** (0.00426) 0.01847*** (0.004268)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.02509*** (0.005868) 0.02512*** (0.005867)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02921** (0.0101) 0.02926** (0.01011)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04781*** (0.01402) 0.04768*** (0.01401)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.05062** (0.01702) 0.05057** (0.01701)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.02214 (0.04489) 0.02264 (0.04489)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.01889 (0.04394) 0.01868 (0.04388)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.09596. (0.05622) 0.09657. (0.05625)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1031 (0.0915) -0.1032 (0.09146)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.02493 (0.01808) -0.02496 (0.01806)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.1543* (0.05986) 0.1547* (0.05988)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.262*** (0.0139) -0.2621*** (0.0139)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1055*** (0.01982) 0.1058*** (0.01984)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1835*** (0.01988) 0.1836*** (0.01987)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.06056 (0.07941) -0.0603 (0.07944)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.06541 (0.078) -0.06516 (0.07802)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.08854 (0.07975) -0.08829 (0.07978)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.07386 (0.07928) -0.0736 (0.07931)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.2597* (0.1219) -0.2584* (0.1217)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.2186 (0.1485) -0.2184 (0.1485)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -0.008827 (0.08066) -0.01512 (0.08042)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1901 (0.155) -0.1896 (0.1549)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1049 (0.08095) -0.1045 (0.08097)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.04939 (0.08903) -0.04843 (0.08888)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.0009661 (0.005272) 0.0008895 (0.005274)
## WEALTHS 0.01962*** (0.002589) 0.01958*** (0.002586)
## mean_children -0.02653 (0.02208) -0.02652 (0.022)
## literacy -0.07371 (0.08772) -0.07259 (0.08763)
## mean_wealth -0.008881 (0.03179) -0.009214 (0.03177)
## urban_per -0.01543 (0.04287) -0.0172 (0.04292)
## treated x mean_wealth 0.03686* (0.01456)
## treated x urban_per 0.08281*** (0.02254)
## treated x literacy
## Fixed-Effects: ---------------------- ----------------------
## district_name Yes Yes
## bday_mo Yes Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes Yes
## _________________________ ______________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name by: district_name
## Observations 32,293 32,293
## R2 0.083225 0.083357
## Within R2 0.042541 0.042679
## reg_4
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.1226. (0.06433)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008704 (0.006104)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02026*** (0.005308)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.04635*** (0.006827)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.061 (0.0584)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02459*** (0.002885)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.2759*** (0.01946)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3093*** (0.0273)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4532*** (0.01812)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.01852*** (0.004253)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.02503*** (0.005848)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02928** (0.01009)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04786*** (0.01399)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.05072** (0.01702)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.02231 (0.04488)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.01905 (0.04395)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.09531. (0.05629)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1032 (0.09155)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.02505 (0.01802)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.1536* (0.05982)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2617*** (0.01389)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1055*** (0.01977)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1835*** (0.01989)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.06062 (0.07943)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.06531 (0.07803)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.08848 (0.07976)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.07388 (0.07931)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.2654* (0.1227)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.2191 (0.149)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -0.01078 (0.08059)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1897 (0.155)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1051 (0.08098)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.05116 (0.08909)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.0009408 (0.005269)
## WEALTHS 0.01959*** (0.002588)
## mean_children -0.02433 (0.02219)
## literacy -0.07503 (0.08775)
## mean_wealth -0.008485 (0.03213)
## urban_per -0.01396 (0.04299)
## treated x mean_wealth
## treated x urban_per
## treated x literacy 0.1745* (0.0823)
## Fixed-Effects: ----------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 32,293
## R2 0.083307
## Within R2 0.042627## reg_bsfd
## Dependent Var.: BRSFEDUR
##
## treated -0.2392 (1.026)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.4192 (0.8586)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.4179 (0.6669)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.8796 (1.136)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 0.0001424 (0.2261)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -7.886*** (1.361)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -1.347 (1.226)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -12.85*** (1.902)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 1.634*** (0.3158)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 1.619*** (0.386)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 2.356** (0.8099)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 1.669 (1.219)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 3.921** (1.361)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.3606 (2.493)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 3.7 (3.987)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 17.29*** (4.446)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 3.42 (3.279)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 13.76. (7.673)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 -7.924*** (1.42)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -6.207*** (1.666)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -10.08*** (1.845)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -8.342*** (1.999)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -7.572*** (2.208)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -9.872*** (1.871)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -19.16*** (2.687)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -11.7* (4.513)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -1.869 (2.199)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -8.113** (2.867)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -7.083*** (2.062)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.1232 (0.4465)
## WEALTHS -0.5542. (0.2806)
## mean_children 2.061. (1.065)
## literacy -5.422 (4.774)
## mean_wealth 3.661. (2.004)
## urban_per -2.887 (2.35)
## Fixed-Effects: ------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ __________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 10,958
## R2 0.185471
## Within R2 0.013863