Here I examine the relationship between hurricane exposure in-utero and birth outcomes. I define a child as “treated” when the population centroid of their district is 40 km or less away from a hurricane of 64 kt surface wind or greater in the 9 months before their birth.
## [1] "# of children in the sample:32298"## [1] "# of treated children: 816"## [1] "average birth weight: 2864.92575391665"## OLS estimation, Dep. Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
## Observations: 32,293
## Fixed-effects: district_name: 104, bday_mo: 192, GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year: 223
## Standard-errors: Clustered (district_name)
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## treated 0.014634 0.007190 2.035400 0.044382 *
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008698 0.006084 1.429600 0.155857
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.020121 0.005312 3.787700 0.000256 ***
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.046203 0.006824 6.770200 8.09e-10 ***
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.060683 0.058650 1.034700 0.303248
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.024557 0.002877 -8.535400 1.31e-13 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.276255 0.019491 -14.173000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.309589 0.027477 -11.267000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.453356 0.018133 -25.001000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.018574 0.004242 4.378900 2.9e-05 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.025081 0.005873 4.270600 4.4e-05 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.029178 0.010060 2.900300 0.004558 **
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.047947 0.014023 3.419100 0.000901 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.050738 0.017068 2.972700 0.003676 **
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.022186 0.044910 0.494017 0.622346
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.018092 0.043788 0.413179 0.680334
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.095209 0.056537 1.684000 0.095209 .
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.103470 0.091486 -1.131000 0.260685
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.024925 0.017960 -1.387800 0.168198
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.154255 0.059872 2.576400 0.0114 *
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.261832 0.013865 -18.885000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.105149 0.019803 5.309800 6.35e-07 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.183564 0.019793 9.274100 3.04e-15 ***
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.060256 0.079537 -0.757592 0.450425
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.065244 0.078115 -0.835235 0.405518
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.088072 0.079863 -1.102800 0.27269
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.073522 0.079407 -0.925890 0.356667
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.262940 0.121141 -2.170500 0.032264 *
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.217354 0.148485 -1.463800 0.146291
## factor(RELIGION)7300 0.002155 0.080201 0.026872 0.978614
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.188745 0.155279 -1.215500 0.226946
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.104589 0.081060 -1.290300 0.199847
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.047615 0.088898 -0.535615 0.593379
## factor(URBAN)2 0.000961 0.005261 0.182694 0.855397
## WEALTHS 0.019602 0.002587 7.577600 1.59e-11 ***
## mean_children -0.026267 0.022132 -1.186800 0.238023
## literacy -0.072307 0.088353 -0.818386 0.415026
## mean_wealth -0.007041 0.032158 -0.218954 0.827119
## urban_per -0.016969 0.043019 -0.394443 0.694069
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## RMSE: 0.264031 Adj. R2: 0.067125
## Within R2: 0.042471## [1] "# of children in the sample:4868"## [1] "# of treated children: 270"## [1] "average birth weight: 2882.9135168447"## reg_no_2015
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.01136 (0.03971)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.02147 (0.02414)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.04116* (0.0204)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.08756*** (0.02467)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.03419 (0.07085)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02848* (0.01152)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.4002*** (0.09742)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3547*** (0.0787)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.004643 (0.01008)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.03323. (0.0171)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02006 (0.02275)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.1266** (0.04266)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.0006737 (0.06506)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.1381* (0.06183)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.1456 (0.1117)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.05294 (0.1245)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.02873 (0.08625)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.2913*** (0.06288)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 0.1007 (0.08146)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 0.09251 (0.08246)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.01675 (0.09282)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 0.06144 (0.0823)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.1197 (0.1557)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.04517 (0.2696)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1013 (0.1222)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 0.1001 (0.08774)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 0.0986 (0.09427)
## factor(URBAN)2 -0.001769 (0.01328)
## WEALTHS 0.01661* (0.006957)
## mean_children -0.05853 (0.03558)
## literacy -0.1158 (0.1274)
## mean_wealth -0.01941 (0.07114)
## urban_per -0.02714 (0.08688)
## treated x WEALTHS -0.01565 (0.06391)
## Fixed-Effects: --------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ ____________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 4,867
## R2 0.171293
## Within R2 0.048839## reg_low reg_rural
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT) log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.00278 (0.01653) 0.01081 (0.01199)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.01808** (0.006667) 0.009626 (0.007341)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02428*** (0.007105) 0.02141*** (0.00587)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.0352* (0.0141) 0.05534*** (0.0084)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.08681. (0.04411) 0.04588 (0.05196)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.0169*** (0.004946) -0.02303*** (0.00335)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.247*** (0.03288) -0.2673*** (0.02665)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.2231*** (0.03644) -0.3073*** (0.03755)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.02461*** (0.006166) 0.02282*** (0.004714)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.0183* (0.008656) 0.02788*** (0.006566)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02918. (0.01503) 0.03725** (0.0123)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04753* (0.01845) 0.06298*** (0.01825)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.04821** (0.01543) 0.04466** (0.01685)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 -0.005761 (0.05996) -0.007078 (0.06077)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 -0.01231 (0.04274) 0.02272 (0.04351)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.1493. (0.07766) 0.1603 (0.1021)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1035 (0.07846) -0.09975 (0.09722)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 0.02133 (0.0233) 0.01158 (0.02282)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.3007* (0.1457) 0.162 (0.1153)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2571*** (0.01753) -0.2747*** (0.01455)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.1226 (0.08525) -0.05974 (0.08549)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.1464. (0.0844) -0.07912 (0.08208)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.1267 (0.08552) -0.07522 (0.08588)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.1509. (0.08492) -0.08774 (0.0854)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.3671** (0.1102) -0.1927 (0.1194)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1543. (0.0854) -0.08902 (0.08554)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.1505 (0.1047) -0.08062 (0.09609)
## mean_children 0.0563 (0.0562) 0.02489 (0.03135)
## literacy -0.09145 (0.191) -0.07001 (0.1414)
## mean_wealth -0.06355 (0.07794) -0.07265. (0.04283)
## urban_per 0.07803 (0.08273) 0.06059 (0.04343)
## WEALTHS 0.02029** (0.006479) 0.01944*** (0.003613)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4724*** (0.02475)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1196*** (0.02079)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1867*** (0.02637)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.4263*** (0.08715)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.0005732 (0.09809)
## Fixed-Effects: --------------------- ---------------------
## district_name Yes Yes
## bday_mo Yes Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes Yes
## _________________________ _____________________ _____________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name by: district_name
## Observations 14,628 20,993
## R2 0.088911 0.094471
## Within R2 0.027852 0.043394## reg_2 reg_3
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT) log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.0004084 (0.009777) -0.01721 (0.01135)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008721 (0.006083) 0.008736 (0.006083)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02028*** (0.005313) 0.02034*** (0.005319)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.04636*** (0.006824) 0.04644*** (0.006836)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.0608 (0.0584) 0.0604 (0.05838)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.0246*** (0.002884) -0.02462*** (0.002886)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.276*** (0.0194) -0.2757*** (0.01945)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3093*** (0.02726) -0.3091*** (0.02724)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4534*** (0.01813) -0.4534*** (0.01814)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.01848*** (0.004252) 0.01847*** (0.004255)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.02507*** (0.005871) 0.02511*** (0.005871)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02919** (0.01008) 0.02923** (0.01008)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04791*** (0.01401) 0.04787*** (0.014)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.05068** (0.01706) 0.05066** (0.01706)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.02188 (0.04489) 0.02211 (0.04491)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.01872 (0.04392) 0.0185 (0.04387)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.09578. (0.05653) 0.09613. (0.05659)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1033 (0.09149) -0.1033 (0.09146)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.02511 (0.01812) -0.02508 (0.01807)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.1543* (0.05986) 0.1546* (0.05987)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2619*** (0.01387) -0.262*** (0.01387)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1056*** (0.01982) 0.1057*** (0.01984)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1835*** (0.01984) 0.1836*** (0.01982)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.06038 (0.07951) -0.06029 (0.07952)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.06516 (0.07807) -0.0651 (0.07809)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.08831 (0.07984) -0.08819 (0.07985)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.07368 (0.07938) -0.07356 (0.07939)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.2612* (0.1217) -0.2605* (0.1215)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.2179 (0.1486) -0.2177 (0.1485)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -0.01203 (0.08031) -0.01444 (0.08015)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1894 (0.1552) -0.1891 (0.1552)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1046 (0.08104) -0.1044 (0.08104)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.04926 (0.08917) -0.04871 (0.08905)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.0009613 (0.005264) 0.0009143 (0.005267)
## WEALTHS 0.01959*** (0.002587) 0.01957*** (0.002586)
## mean_children -0.02559 (0.02206) -0.0254 (0.02201)
## literacy -0.07007 (0.0882) -0.06905 (0.08814)
## mean_wealth -0.008421 (0.03194) -0.008295 (0.03194)
## urban_per -0.01704 (0.04297) -0.01843 (0.04305)
## treated x mean_wealth 0.0311* (0.0127)
## treated x urban_per 0.06044** (0.01865)
## treated x literacy
## Fixed-Effects: --------------------- ----------------------
## district_name Yes Yes
## bday_mo Yes Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes Yes
## _________________________ _____________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name by: district_name
## Observations 32,293 32,293
## R2 0.08325 0.083288
## Within R2 0.042567 0.042607
## reg_4
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.07704 (0.05501)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008724 (0.00609)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02024*** (0.005314)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.04638*** (0.006825)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.06065 (0.05849)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02456*** (0.002876)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.276*** (0.01942)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3093*** (0.02729)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4533*** (0.01814)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.01851*** (0.004243)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.02505*** (0.005858)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.0292** (0.01008)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04794*** (0.014)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.05079** (0.01705)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.02188 (0.04489)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.01866 (0.04392)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.09533. (0.05647)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1033 (0.09154)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.02515 (0.01805)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.1538* (0.05985)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2618*** (0.01387)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1055*** (0.01979)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1835*** (0.01984)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.06055 (0.07946)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.06528 (0.07804)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.08837 (0.07978)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.0738 (0.07933)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.2655* (0.122)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.2182 (0.1488)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -0.011 (0.08024)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1892 (0.1552)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1049 (0.081)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.04983 (0.08902)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.000957 (0.005264)
## WEALTHS 0.01958*** (0.002587)
## mean_children -0.0248 (0.02216)
## literacy -0.07254 (0.08818)
## mean_wealth -0.00833 (0.03216)
## urban_per -0.01541 (0.04299)
## treated x mean_wealth
## treated x urban_per
## treated x literacy 0.1241. (0.07151)
## Fixed-Effects: ----------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 32,293
## R2 0.083257
## Within R2 0.042575## reg_bsfd
## Dependent Var.: BRSFEDUR
##
## treated 0.1399 (1.05)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.4205 (0.8577)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.4173 (0.6667)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.8819 (1.137)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 0.00106 (0.2266)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -7.868*** (1.36)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -1.339 (1.23)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -12.86*** (1.901)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 1.631*** (0.3153)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 1.618*** (0.3867)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 2.347** (0.8113)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 1.668 (1.219)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 3.927** (1.366)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.352 (2.501)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 3.7 (3.987)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 17.27*** (4.443)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 3.423 (3.28)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 13.74. (7.67)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 -7.926*** (1.422)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -6.212*** (1.667)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -10.08*** (1.841)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -8.339*** (2.006)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -7.578*** (2.207)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -9.882*** (1.87)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -19.39*** (2.628)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -11.7* (4.52)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -2.106 (2.12)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -8.103** (2.876)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -7.086*** (2.061)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.1251 (0.4464)
## WEALTHS -0.5528. (0.281)
## mean_children 2.045. (1.072)
## literacy -5.355 (4.825)
## mean_wealth 3.611. (2.003)
## urban_per -2.929 (2.351)
## Fixed-Effects: -----------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ _________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 10,958
## R2 0.185461
## Within R2 0.013851