Here I examine the relationship between hurricane exposure in-utero and birth outcomes. I define a child as “treated” when the population centroid of their district is 30 km or less away from a hurricane of 64 kt surface wind or greater in the 9 months before their birth.
## [1] "# of children in the sample:32298"## [1] "# of treated children: 619"## [1] "average birth weight: 2864.92575391665"## OLS estimation, Dep. Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
## Observations: 32,294
## Fixed-effects: district_name: 104, bday_mo: 192, GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year: 223
## Standard-errors: Clustered (district_name)
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## treated 0.012051 0.007599 1.585900 0.115838
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008670 0.006085 1.424900 0.157214
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.020046 0.005314 3.772700 0.00027 ***
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.046100 0.006841 6.738700 9.41e-10 ***
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.060855 0.058622 1.038100 0.301663
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.024563 0.002879 -8.533300 1.32e-13 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.276400 0.019574 -14.121000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.309758 0.027603 -11.222000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.453314 0.018130 -25.004000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.018641 0.004242 4.394000 2.7e-05 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.025079 0.005874 4.269500 4.4e-05 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.029203 0.010065 2.901400 0.004543 **
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.047949 0.014027 3.418300 0.000904 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.050707 0.017045 2.975000 0.003651 **
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.022495 0.044934 0.500613 0.617712
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.018160 0.043813 0.414488 0.679379
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.095183 0.056477 1.685300 0.094949 .
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.103459 0.091434 -1.131500 0.260464
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.024542 0.017773 -1.380900 0.170306
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.154106 0.059820 2.576200 0.011407 *
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.261815 0.013862 -18.888000 < 2.2e-16 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.104918 0.019810 5.296300 6.73e-07 ***
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.183575 0.019801 9.271200 3.09e-15 ***
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.060214 0.079528 -0.757148 0.45069
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.065392 0.078126 -0.837002 0.404529
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.088010 0.079859 -1.102100 0.273003
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.073434 0.079399 -0.924872 0.357194
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.262428 0.121248 -2.164400 0.032745 *
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.217336 0.148485 -1.463700 0.146323
## factor(RELIGION)7300 0.012220 0.079776 0.153181 0.878556
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.188841 0.155226 -1.216600 0.226553
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.104619 0.081054 -1.290700 0.199684
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.048486 0.089015 -0.544692 0.587143
## factor(URBAN)2 0.000923 0.005262 0.175408 0.861104
## WEALTHS 0.019619 0.002585 7.590100 1.49e-11 ***
## mean_children -0.025986 0.022139 -1.173800 0.243193
## literacy -0.073253 0.088224 -0.830303 0.408288
## mean_wealth -0.006693 0.032131 -0.208302 0.835404
## urban_per -0.016739 0.043009 -0.389189 0.69794
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## RMSE: 0.264034 Adj. R2: 0.067077
## Within R2: 0.042423## [1] "# of children in the sample:4868"## [1] "# of treated children: 237"## [1] "average birth weight: 2882.9135168447"## reg_no_2015
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated 0.002152 (0.04107)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.02161 (0.02414)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.04118* (0.02043)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.08754*** (0.0247)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.03434 (0.07092)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02854* (0.01153)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.4*** (0.09745)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3546*** (0.07874)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.004768 (0.01006)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.03335. (0.01712)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02002 (0.02277)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.1266** (0.04263)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.0009189 (0.06513)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.1381* (0.06184)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.1455 (0.1117)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.05359 (0.1246)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.02869 (0.08628)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.2917*** (0.06288)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 0.1008 (0.08151)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 0.09262 (0.0825)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.01646 (0.09286)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 0.06166 (0.08235)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.1209 (0.1555)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.04478 (0.2694)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1011 (0.1222)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 0.1005 (0.0878)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 0.09967 (0.09472)
## factor(URBAN)2 -0.001786 (0.01328)
## WEALTHS 0.01669* (0.006966)
## mean_children -0.05867 (0.03566)
## literacy -0.1148 (0.1275)
## mean_wealth -0.01945 (0.07112)
## urban_per -0.02814 (0.08689)
## treated x WEALTHS -0.021 (0.06666)
## Fixed-Effects: --------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ ____________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 4,868
## R2 0.171274
## Within R2 0.048814## reg_low reg_rural
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT) log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated 0.003504 (0.01809) 0.003202 (0.009073)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.01808** (0.006668) 0.009625 (0.007349)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02429*** (0.007103) 0.02142*** (0.005873)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.03524* (0.01409) 0.0553*** (0.00839)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.08644. (0.04412) 0.04633 (0.05185)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.01691*** (0.004937) -0.02305*** (0.003351)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.247*** (0.03286) -0.2672*** (0.02669)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.223*** (0.03644) -0.3073*** (0.03751)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.0246*** (0.006161) 0.02283*** (0.004716)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.01827* (0.008649) 0.02792*** (0.006565)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02918. (0.01503) 0.03732** (0.01231)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04749* (0.01846) 0.06302*** (0.01825)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.04817** (0.01543) 0.04469** (0.01683)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 -0.005888 (0.05988) -0.006753 (0.06076)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 -0.01244 (0.04269) 0.02287 (0.04353)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.1493. (0.07771) 0.1601 (0.102)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1036 (0.07848) -0.09969 (0.09726)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 0.02124 (0.0233) 0.01162 (0.02279)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.3008* (0.1457) 0.1618 (0.1154)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.257*** (0.01754) -0.2748*** (0.01455)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.1227 (0.08522) -0.0596 (0.08552)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.1463. (0.08437) -0.07915 (0.08214)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.1267 (0.08549) -0.07509 (0.08591)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.151. (0.08489) -0.08756 (0.08542)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.368** (0.1099) -0.1911 (0.1195)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1543. (0.08537) -0.08898 (0.08558)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.1503 (0.1046) -0.08146 (0.09633)
## mean_children 0.05586 (0.0561) 0.02526 (0.03138)
## literacy -0.0905 (0.1911) -0.07127 (0.1416)
## mean_wealth -0.06391 (0.0779) -0.07222. (0.04284)
## urban_per 0.07811 (0.08269) 0.06091 (0.04349)
## WEALTHS 0.02028** (0.006469) 0.01945*** (0.003612)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4724*** (0.02474)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1198*** (0.0208)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1867*** (0.02639)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.4262*** (0.08719)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.0008066 (0.09817)
## Fixed-Effects: ---------------------- ----------------------
## district_name Yes Yes
## bday_mo Yes Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes Yes
## _________________________ ______________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name by: district_name
## Observations 14,628 20,993
## R2 0.088912 0.094435
## Within R2 0.027852 0.043356## reg_2 reg_3
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT) log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated 0.002107 (0.01164) -0.01276 (0.01512)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008675 (0.006081) 0.008692 (0.006081)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02009*** (0.00531) 0.02012*** (0.005311)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.04616*** (0.006837) 0.04618*** (0.006838)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.06089 (0.05845) 0.06055 (0.05842)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02459*** (0.002881) -0.02461*** (0.002882)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.2764*** (0.01957) -0.2762*** (0.01962)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3098*** (0.02759) -0.3096*** (0.02759)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4534*** (0.01813) -0.4534*** (0.01813)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.01862*** (0.004253) 0.01861*** (0.004257)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.02506*** (0.005875) 0.02508*** (0.005875)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.02919** (0.01007) 0.02922** (0.01008)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04791*** (0.01402) 0.0479*** (0.01402)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.05074** (0.01703) 0.0507** (0.01704)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.02233 (0.04493) 0.02243 (0.04493)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.01858 (0.04385) 0.01839 (0.04383)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.09574. (0.05653) 0.09599. (0.05658)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1034 (0.09139) -0.1035 (0.09139)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.02431 (0.01765) -0.02419 (0.01758)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.1542* (0.0598) 0.1543* (0.05981)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2618*** (0.01387) -0.262*** (0.01387)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.105*** (0.01981) 0.105*** (0.01982)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1835*** (0.01983) 0.1835*** (0.01981)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.06022 (0.07952) -0.06012 (0.07955)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.06545 (0.07812) -0.06543 (0.07816)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.08808 (0.07986) -0.08794 (0.07989)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.07345 (0.07939) -0.07331 (0.07942)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.2611* (0.1216) -0.2605* (0.1215)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.2175 (0.1485) -0.2173 (0.1485)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 0.01216 (0.07976) 0.01222 (0.0798)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.1892 (0.1552) -0.1889 (0.1552)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1045 (0.08104) -0.1044 (0.08107)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.04831 (0.08898) -0.04817 (0.08898)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.0009046 (0.005263) 0.000878 (0.005263)
## WEALTHS 0.01961*** (0.002584) 0.0196*** (0.002583)
## mean_children -0.02532 (0.02207) -0.02513 (0.02202)
## literacy -0.07097 (0.0878) -0.07024 (0.08768)
## mean_wealth -0.008077 (0.03181) -0.007991 (0.03186)
## urban_per -0.01653 (0.04296) -0.01754 (0.04303)
## treated x mean_wealth 0.02688. (0.01519)
## treated x urban_per 0.05155* (0.02399)
## treated x literacy
## Fixed-Effects: ---------------------- ----------------------
## district_name Yes Yes
## bday_mo Yes Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes Yes
## _________________________ ______________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name by: district_name
## Observations 32,294 32,294
## R2 0.083148 0.083165
## Within R2 0.042462 0.04248
## reg_4
## Dependent Var.: log(BIRTHWT)
##
## treated -0.05042 (0.06966)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.008678 (0.006086)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.02007*** (0.00531)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.04616*** (0.006836)
## factor(EDUCLVL)8 0.06075 (0.05853)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.02457*** (0.002876)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -0.2764*** (0.01958)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -0.3098*** (0.0276)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -0.4533*** (0.01813)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 0.01864*** (0.004245)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 0.02504*** (0.005865)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 0.0292** (0.01007)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 0.04795*** (0.01402)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 0.05081** (0.01701)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.02236 (0.04494)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 0.01848 (0.04385)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 0.09531. (0.05648)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 -0.1034 (0.09143)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 -0.02439 (0.01766)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 0.1538* (0.05979)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -0.2618*** (0.01387)
## factor(KIDBORD)14 0.1049*** (0.01979)
## factor(KIDBORD)15 0.1835*** (0.01982)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -0.06036 (0.07947)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -0.06555 (0.07808)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -0.08814 (0.07981)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -0.07355 (0.07935)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -0.2645* (0.1218)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -0.2177 (0.1487)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 0.01212 (0.07973)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -0.189 (0.1552)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -0.1048 (0.08101)
## factor(RELIGION)9998 -0.04898 (0.08896)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.000902 (0.005263)
## WEALTHS 0.0196*** (0.002583)
## mean_children -0.02483 (0.02217)
## literacy -0.07246 (0.08816)
## mean_wealth -0.007919 (0.03222)
## urban_per -0.01536 (0.04307)
## treated x mean_wealth
## treated x urban_per
## treated x literacy 0.08819 (0.09377)
## Fixed-Effects: ----------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ ______________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 32,294
## R2 0.083144
## Within R2 0.042457## reg_bsfd
## Dependent Var.: BRSFEDUR
##
## treated -0.1475 (1.146)
## factor(EDUCLVL)1 0.423 (0.8574)
## factor(EDUCLVL)2 0.4167 (0.6668)
## factor(EDUCLVL)3 0.8794 (1.136)
## factor(KIDSEX)2 -0.000562 (0.2253)
## factor(KIDTWIN)21 -7.882*** (1.368)
## factor(KIDTWIN)22 -1.343 (1.23)
## factor(KIDTWIN)23 -12.85*** (1.9)
## factor(KIDBORD)2 1.633*** (0.3152)
## factor(KIDBORD)3 1.618*** (0.3862)
## factor(KIDBORD)4 2.352** (0.81)
## factor(KIDBORD)5 1.667 (1.219)
## factor(KIDBORD)6 3.921** (1.356)
## factor(KIDBORD)7 0.3564 (2.491)
## factor(KIDBORD)8 3.706 (3.989)
## factor(KIDBORD)9 17.29*** (4.447)
## factor(KIDBORD)10 3.424 (3.281)
## factor(KIDBORD)11 13.75. (7.669)
## factor(KIDBORD)12 -7.919*** (1.421)
## factor(KIDBORD)13 -6.208*** (1.667)
## factor(RELIGION)1000 -10.08*** (1.842)
## factor(RELIGION)2000 -8.348*** (1.997)
## factor(RELIGION)3000 -7.579*** (2.204)
## factor(RELIGION)4000 -9.881*** (1.869)
## factor(RELIGION)6402 -19.22*** (2.779)
## factor(RELIGION)7200 -11.71* (4.515)
## factor(RELIGION)7300 -2.03 (2.109)
## factor(RELIGION)7400 -8.118** (2.87)
## factor(RELIGION)9000 -7.092*** (2.059)
## factor(URBAN)2 0.1243 (0.4464)
## WEALTHS -0.5524. (0.281)
## mean_children 2.029. (1.071)
## literacy -5.409 (4.86)
## mean_wealth 3.629. (2.008)
## urban_per -2.901 (2.341)
## Fixed-Effects: ------------------
## district_name Yes
## bday_mo Yes
## GEO_IA1992_2015^bday_year Yes
## _________________________ __________________
## S.E.: Clustered by: district_name
## Observations 10,959
## R2 0.185446
## Within R2 0.013853