Simple Exploratory Data Analysis for Car Specification and Features
Muhammad Rizki Maulana
30/01/2021
Objective
The objective of this document is to gain information on what are the specifications and features of a car that is available in the market
Data Source
The data is obtained from this link https://www.kaggle.com/CooperUnion/cardataset
Input data
Data Inspection
## Make Model Year Engine.Fuel.Type Engine.HP Engine.Cylinders
## 1 BMW 1 Series M 2011 premium unleaded (required) 335 6
## 2 BMW 1 Series 2011 premium unleaded (required) 300 6
## 3 BMW 1 Series 2011 premium unleaded (required) 300 6
## 4 BMW 1 Series 2011 premium unleaded (required) 230 6
## 5 BMW 1 Series 2011 premium unleaded (required) 230 6
## 6 BMW 1 Series 2012 premium unleaded (required) 230 6
## Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels Number.of.Doors
## 1 MANUAL rear wheel drive 2
## 2 MANUAL rear wheel drive 2
## 3 MANUAL rear wheel drive 2
## 4 MANUAL rear wheel drive 2
## 5 MANUAL rear wheel drive 2
## 6 MANUAL rear wheel drive 2
## Market.Category Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style highway.MPG
## 1 Factory Tuner,Luxury,High-Performance Compact Coupe 26
## 2 Luxury,Performance Compact Convertible 28
## 3 Luxury,High-Performance Compact Coupe 28
## 4 Luxury,Performance Compact Coupe 28
## 5 Luxury Compact Convertible 28
## 6 Luxury,Performance Compact Coupe 28
## city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## 1 19 3916 46135
## 2 19 3916 40650
## 3 20 3916 36350
## 4 18 3916 29450
## 5 18 3916 34500
## 6 18 3916 31200## Make Model Year Engine.Fuel.Type Engine.HP
## 11909 Acura ZDX 2011 premium unleaded (required) 300
## 11910 Acura ZDX 2012 premium unleaded (required) 300
## 11911 Acura ZDX 2012 premium unleaded (required) 300
## 11912 Acura ZDX 2012 premium unleaded (required) 300
## 11913 Acura ZDX 2013 premium unleaded (recommended) 300
## 11914 Lincoln Zephyr 2006 regular unleaded 221
## Engine.Cylinders Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels Number.of.Doors
## 11909 6 AUTOMATIC all wheel drive 4
## 11910 6 AUTOMATIC all wheel drive 4
## 11911 6 AUTOMATIC all wheel drive 4
## 11912 6 AUTOMATIC all wheel drive 4
## 11913 6 AUTOMATIC all wheel drive 4
## 11914 6 AUTOMATIC front wheel drive 4
## Market.Category Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style highway.MPG
## 11909 Crossover,Hatchback,Luxury Midsize 4dr Hatchback 23
## 11910 Crossover,Hatchback,Luxury Midsize 4dr Hatchback 23
## 11911 Crossover,Hatchback,Luxury Midsize 4dr Hatchback 23
## 11912 Crossover,Hatchback,Luxury Midsize 4dr Hatchback 23
## 11913 Crossover,Hatchback,Luxury Midsize 4dr Hatchback 23
## 11914 Luxury Midsize Sedan 26
## city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## 11909 16 204 50520
## 11910 16 204 46120
## 11911 16 204 56670
## 11912 16 204 50620
## 11913 16 204 50920
## 11914 17 61 28995## [1] 11914 16Data Cleansing
Check data type and missing value
## 'data.frame': 11914 obs. of 16 variables:
## $ Make : chr "BMW" "BMW" "BMW" "BMW" ...
## $ Model : chr "1 Series M" "1 Series" "1 Series" "1 Series" ...
## $ Year : int 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 ...
## $ Engine.Fuel.Type : chr "premium unleaded (required)" "premium unleaded (required)" "premium unleaded (required)" "premium unleaded (required)" ...
## $ Engine.HP : int 335 300 300 230 230 230 300 300 230 230 ...
## $ Engine.Cylinders : int 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ...
## $ Transmission.Type: chr "MANUAL" "MANUAL" "MANUAL" "MANUAL" ...
## $ Driven_Wheels : chr "rear wheel drive" "rear wheel drive" "rear wheel drive" "rear wheel drive" ...
## $ Number.of.Doors : int 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ Market.Category : chr "Factory Tuner,Luxury,High-Performance" "Luxury,Performance" "Luxury,High-Performance" "Luxury,Performance" ...
## $ Vehicle.Size : chr "Compact" "Compact" "Compact" "Compact" ...
## $ Vehicle.Style : chr "Coupe" "Convertible" "Coupe" "Coupe" ...
## $ highway.MPG : int 26 28 28 28 28 28 26 28 28 27 ...
## $ city.mpg : int 19 19 20 18 18 18 17 20 18 18 ...
## $ Popularity : int 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 ...
## $ MSRP : int 46135 40650 36350 29450 34500 31200 44100 39300 36900 37200 ...## Make Model Year Engine.Fuel.Type
## 0 0 0 3
## Engine.HP Engine.Cylinders Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels
## 69 30 0 0
## Number.of.Doors Market.Category Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style
## 6 0 0 0
## highway.MPG city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## 0 0 0 0Remove missing value
## Make Model Year Engine.Fuel.Type
## 0 0 0 0
## Engine.HP Engine.Cylinders Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels
## 0 0 0 0
## Number.of.Doors Market.Category Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style
## 0 0 0 0
## highway.MPG city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## 0 0 0 0Changing data type without using library
car_data$Make <- as.factor(car_data$Make)
car_data$Model <- as.factor(car_data$Model)
car_data$Engine.Fuel.Type <- as.factor(car_data$Engine.Fuel.Type)
car_data$Engine.HP <- as.factor(car_data$Engine.HP)
car_data$Engine.Cylinders <- as.factor(car_data$Engine.Cylinders)
car_data$Transmission.Type <- as.factor(car_data$Transmission.Type)
car_data$Driven_Wheels <- as.factor(car_data$Driven_Wheels)
car_data$Number.of.Doors <- as.factor(car_data$Number.of.Doors)
car_data$Market.Category <- as.factor(car_data$Market.Category)
car_data$Vehicle.Size <- as.factor(car_data$Vehicle.Size)
car_data$Vehicle.Style <- as.factor(car_data$Vehicle.Style)Check final data structure
## 'data.frame': 11812 obs. of 16 variables:
## $ Make : Factor w/ 47 levels "Acura","Alfa Romeo",..: 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ...
## $ Model : Factor w/ 904 levels "1 Series","1 Series M",..: 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ Year : int 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 ...
## $ Engine.Fuel.Type : Factor w/ 9 levels "diesel","electric",..: 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ...
## $ Engine.HP : Factor w/ 355 levels "55","62","63",..: 219 195 195 139 139 139 195 195 139 139 ...
## $ Engine.Cylinders : Factor w/ 9 levels "0","3","4","5",..: 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ...
## $ Transmission.Type: Factor w/ 5 levels "AUTOMATED_MANUAL",..: 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...
## $ Driven_Wheels : Factor w/ 4 levels "all wheel drive",..: 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...
## $ Number.of.Doors : Factor w/ 3 levels "2","3","4": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ Market.Category : Factor w/ 71 levels "Crossover","Crossover,Diesel",..: 38 67 64 67 63 67 67 64 63 63 ...
## $ Vehicle.Size : Factor w/ 3 levels "Compact","Large",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ Vehicle.Style : Factor w/ 16 levels "2dr Hatchback",..: 9 7 9 9 7 9 7 9 7 7 ...
## $ highway.MPG : int 26 28 28 28 28 28 26 28 28 27 ...
## $ city.mpg : int 19 19 20 18 18 18 17 20 18 18 ...
## $ Popularity : int 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 3916 ...
## $ MSRP : int 46135 40650 36350 29450 34500 31200 44100 39300 36900 37200 ...
## - attr(*, "na.action")= 'omit' Named int [1:102] 540 541 542 1984 1985 2906 2907 2908 2909 3717 ...
## ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:102] "540" "541" "542" "1984" ...Data Explanation
## Make Model Year
## Chevrolet :1115 Silverado 1500 : 156 Min. :1990
## Ford : 868 Tundra : 140 1st Qu.:2007
## Volkswagen: 805 F-150 : 126 Median :2015
## Toyota : 743 Sierra 1500 : 90 Mean :2010
## Dodge : 626 Beetle Convertible: 89 3rd Qu.:2016
## Nissan : 548 Tacoma : 80 Max. :2017
## (Other) :7107 (Other) :11131
## Engine.Fuel.Type Engine.HP
## regular unleaded :7155 200 : 454
## premium unleaded (required) :1991 170 : 351
## premium unleaded (recommended) :1519 210 : 320
## flex-fuel (unleaded/E85) : 899 240 : 268
## diesel : 153 285 : 246
## flex-fuel (premium unleaded required/E85): 54 185 : 241
## (Other) : 41 (Other):9932
## Engine.Cylinders Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels
## 4 :4743 AUTOMATED_MANUAL: 625 all wheel drive :2336
## 6 :4470 AUTOMATIC :8231 four wheel drive :1403
## 8 :2031 DIRECT_DRIVE : 15 front wheel drive:4732
## 12 : 229 MANUAL :2922 rear wheel drive :3341
## 5 : 225 UNKNOWN : 19
## 10 : 68
## (Other): 46
## Number.of.Doors Market.Category Vehicle.Size
## 2:3154 N/A :3728 Compact:4708
## 3: 395 Crossover :1103 Large :2748
## 4:8263 Flex Fuel : 872 Midsize:4356
## Luxury : 851
## Luxury,Performance: 673
## Hatchback : 614
## (Other) :3971
## Vehicle.Style highway.MPG city.mpg Popularity
## Sedan :3013 Min. : 12.00 Min. : 7.00 Min. : 2
## 4dr SUV :2480 1st Qu.: 22.00 1st Qu.: 16.00 1st Qu.: 549
## Coupe :1190 Median : 26.00 Median : 18.00 Median :1385
## Convertible : 793 Mean : 26.32 Mean : 19.33 Mean :1554
## Crew Cab Pickup: 681 3rd Qu.: 30.00 3rd Qu.: 22.00 3rd Qu.:2009
## 4dr Hatchback : 678 Max. :354.00 Max. :137.00 Max. :5657
## (Other) :2977
## MSRP
## Min. : 2000
## 1st Qu.: 20990
## Median : 29970
## Mean : 40560
## 3rd Qu.: 42205
## Max. :2065902
## Focus on Chevrolet Data
In this section I will focus only on Chevrolet as the most selling car brand in this dataset
## Make Model Year
## Chevrolet :1115 Silverado 1500 :156 Min. :1990
## Acura : 0 Corvette : 60 1st Qu.:2005
## Alfa Romeo : 0 C/K 1500 Series : 56 Median :2014
## Aston Martin: 0 Colorado : 54 Mean :2010
## Audi : 0 Silverado 1500 Classic: 49 3rd Qu.:2016
## Bentley : 0 Sonic : 40 Max. :2017
## (Other) : 0 (Other) :700
## Engine.Fuel.Type Engine.HP Engine.Cylinders
## regular unleaded :740 285 :143 6 :432
## flex-fuel (unleaded/E85) :251 355 : 92 4 :349
## premium unleaded (recommended): 85 200 : 84 8 :321
## premium unleaded (required) : 32 138 : 80 0 : 6
## electric : 6 190 : 44 5 : 5
## diesel : 1 165 : 32 3 : 2
## (Other) : 0 (Other):640 (Other): 0
## Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels Number.of.Doors
## AUTOMATED_MANUAL: 0 all wheel drive : 51 2:311
## AUTOMATIC :739 four wheel drive :259 3: 73
## DIRECT_DRIVE : 8 front wheel drive:376 4:731
## MANUAL :368 rear wheel drive :429
## UNKNOWN : 0
##
##
## Market.Category Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style
## N/A :501 Compact:426 4dr SUV :205
## Flex Fuel :235 Large :411 Sedan :155
## Hatchback : 67 Midsize:278 Crew Cab Pickup :151
## Crossover : 62 Extended Cab Pickup:129
## High-Performance : 62 Regular Cab Pickup :114
## Crossover,Flex Fuel: 42 Coupe : 90
## (Other) :146 (Other) :271
## highway.MPG city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## Min. : 15.00 Min. : 11.00 Min. :1385 Min. : 2000
## 1st Qu.: 21.00 1st Qu.: 15.00 1st Qu.:1385 1st Qu.:18203
## Median : 23.00 Median : 17.00 Median :1385 Median :26270
## Mean : 25.67 Mean : 18.84 Mean :1385 Mean :28273
## 3rd Qu.: 29.00 3rd Qu.: 20.00 3rd Qu.:1385 3rd Qu.:36373
## Max. :109.00 Max. :128.00 Max. :1385 Max. :92395
## Insight:
- The best selling model of Chevrolet car is Silverado 1500
- The engine fuel type that is used by Chevrolet is dominantly from regular unleaded fuel, the use of electric motor is still minimum, which only counts 6 cars
- The most commonly used engine power is 285 HP which is quite huge for a car, and the most number of cylinder is 6 cylinder meaning the engine that is used by Chevrolet is huge
Then if look on the distribution of several numerical data such as fuel consumption in Mile per Gallon (MPG) in highway and city, and Manufacture’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) are as follow
Insight
The price of Chevrolet car is ranging from around 20,000 - 40,000 USD
Insigth
Interms of fuel consumption its quite obvious that driving in highway is more efficient rather than driving in city. Moslty when driving in city the fuel consumption is 0-20 Mile per Gallon, however when driving in highway, the fuel consumption is mostly around 20-30 Mile per Gallon, some can reach 40-50 Mile per Gallon.
There’s also data that showed higher than 100 MPG fuel consumption, then if we look closer that is for electric car. I personally would not recommend that it is written like that. As full electric car is not using any gasoline fuel at all, so it is better to be written 0
## Make Model Year Engine.Fuel.Type Engine.HP Engine.Cylinders
## 9868 Chevrolet Spark EV 2014 electric 140 0
## 9869 Chevrolet Spark EV 2014 electric 140 0
## 9870 Chevrolet Spark EV 2015 electric 140 0
## 9871 Chevrolet Spark EV 2015 electric 140 0
## 9872 Chevrolet Spark EV 2016 electric 140 0
## 9873 Chevrolet Spark EV 2016 electric 140 0
## Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels Number.of.Doors Market.Category
## 9868 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9869 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9870 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9871 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9872 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9873 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style highway.MPG city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## 9868 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 26685
## 9869 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 27010
## 9870 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25170
## 9871 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25560
## 9872 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25510
## 9873 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25120## Make Model Year Engine.Fuel.Type Engine.HP Engine.Cylinders
## 9868 Chevrolet Spark EV 2014 electric 140 0
## 9869 Chevrolet Spark EV 2014 electric 140 0
## 9870 Chevrolet Spark EV 2015 electric 140 0
## 9871 Chevrolet Spark EV 2015 electric 140 0
## 9872 Chevrolet Spark EV 2016 electric 140 0
## 9873 Chevrolet Spark EV 2016 electric 140 0
## Transmission.Type Driven_Wheels Number.of.Doors Market.Category
## 9868 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9869 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9870 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9871 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9872 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## 9873 DIRECT_DRIVE front wheel drive 4 Hatchback
## Vehicle.Size Vehicle.Style highway.MPG city.mpg Popularity MSRP
## 9868 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 26685
## 9869 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 27010
## 9870 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25170
## 9871 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25560
## 9872 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25510
## 9873 Compact 4dr Hatchback 109 128 1385 25120