1 Cluster Map

1.1 Packages

library(ggplot2)
library(sf)
library(geobr)
library(ggspatial)
library(tidyverse)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(cowplot)
layout(matrix(c(1,2,3,3), 2, 2, byrow = TRUE))

1.2 Rio Grande do Sul

RS <- read_state(code_state = "RS", year = 2018, showProgress = F)

ggplot(RS) +
  aes(group = code_state) +
  geom_sf(size = 1L) +
  labs(x = "Longitude", y = "Latitude", title = "Rio Grande do Sul") +
  theme_bw()

1.3 Brazil

BR <- read_state(code_state = "all", year = 2018, showProgress = F)

BRFINAL2 <- ggplot(BR) +
  aes(group = code_region) +
  geom_sf(size = 0.5, fill = "white") + 
  geom_sf(aes(group = code_state), data = RS, fill = "#E9635A") +
  labs(x = "Longitude", y = "Latitude", title = "") + theme_void()
BRFINAL2

1.4 Cities RS

munRS <- read_municipality(code_muni="RS", year=2018, showProgress = F)
munRS <- munRS[c(-2),]
munRS$Cluster <- c("Não")
munRS$Cluster <- ifelse(munRS$code_muni == 4300802 | munRS$code_muni == 4302105 | munRS$code_muni == 4303673 | munRS$code_muni == 4305108 |
                          munRS$code_muni == 4305959 |  munRS$code_muni == 4307906 | munRS$code_muni == 4308201 | munRS$code_muni == 4308607 |
                          munRS$code_muni == 4309407 |  munRS$code_muni == 4310439 | munRS$code_muni == 4313086 | munRS$code_muni == 4313359 |
                          munRS$code_muni == 4319000 |  munRS$code_muni == 4322806 | munRS$code_muni == 4323309 |  munRS$code_muni == 4312385 |
                          munRS$code_muni ==    4314548, "Sim", "Não")


munRS <- munRS %>%
  mutate(Cluster = ifelse(Cluster == "Sim", "Yes", "No"))

RSmun2 <- ggplot(munRS) +
  aes(fill = Cluster, group = code_state) +
  geom_sf(size = 0.5, show.legend = F) +
  labs(x = "", y = "", title = "") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("white", "#E9635A")) + theme_void()
RSmun2

1.5 Cluster

ClusterMun <- munRS
ClusterMun <- ClusterMun[c(18,44,70,97,121,164,169,176,190,209,259,280,285,319, 403,483,489),]

Frequencia <- c(8, 20, 0, 34, 2, 12, 71,19,0,0,5,8,4,0,8,2,1)
ClusterMun <- cbind(ClusterMun,Frequencia)

ClusterMun$Categoria <- cut(ClusterMun$Frequencia, breaks = c(-1, 5, 13, 34, 71),
                            labels = c("0 to 5", "5 to 13", "13 to 34", "34 to 71"))

cluster <- ggplot(ClusterMun) +
  aes(group = code_state) +
  geom_sf(size = 0.5) +
  labs(title = "", x = "", y = "") +
  geom_sf_label(aes(label = name_muni), label.padding = unit(0.05, "lines"),
                label.r = unit(0.05, "lines"), inherit.aes = F, label.size = 0.1) +
  theme_bw()

clusterFinal <- ClusterMun %>% ggplot(aes(fill = Categoria)) + geom_sf(size = 0.5) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#F3D4D2", "#E9A8A2", "#E9635A", "#C41617")) +
  labs(title = "", x = "", y = "", fill = "Frequency") +
  geom_sf_text(aes(label = name_muni), check_overlap = T, size = 3) +  theme_bw()
clusterFinal

1.6 Final Maps

clusterFinal

BRFINAL2

RSmun2

1.7 All in one

ggdraw (clusterFinal) +
  draw_plot(BRFINAL2, width = 0.26, height = 0.22, 
            x = 0.05, y = 0.72) +
  draw_plot(RSmun2, width = 0.26, height = 0.22, 
            x = 0.05, y = 0.15)

2 Evolution Statistics

2.1 Wineries

library(readxl)
library(tidyverse)
library(plotly)
library(reshape2)

empresas <- read_excel("C:/Users/user/Desktop/Vida acadêmica/Submissões/Artigo dissertação/Quanti/Empresas.xlsx")
empresas2 <- melt(empresas, id.vars = "Ano")
str(empresas2)
## 'data.frame':    50 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ Ano     : num  1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ...
##  $ variable: Factor w/ 2 levels "Cluster","Brasil": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ value   : num  171 160 172 168 178 186 197 189 192 188 ...
empresas2$variable <- factor(empresas2$variable,
                             levels=c("Brasil", "Cluster"),
                             labels=c("Brazil", "Cluster"))

GEE <- ggplot(empresas2, aes(x = Ano, y = value, group = variable)) +
  geom_line(aes(color = variable, linetype = variable), size = 1L) +
  geom_point(aes(color = variable), size = 3L) +
  scale_color_manual(values=c('#1E90FF','#87CEEB')) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019)) +
  labs(title = "Historical Evolution of the Number of Wineries", y = "", x = "", 
       color = NULL, linetype = NULL) + 
  theme_bw(base_size = 10) +
  theme(legend.position="top", text = element_text(family= "Times New Roman", face="bold"),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
        legend.title = element_text(color = "black", size = 14),
        legend.text = element_text(color = "black", size = 8))

GEE

2.2 Employees

empregados <- read_excel("C:/Users/user/Desktop/Vida acadêmica/Submissões/Artigo dissertação/Quanti/Empregados.xlsx")
empregados2 <- melt(empregados, id.vars = "Ano")

empregados2$variable <- factor(empregados2$variable,
                             levels=c("Brasil", "Cluster"),
                             labels=c("Brazil", "Cluster"))

GEM <- ggplot(empregados2, aes(x = Ano, y = value, group = variable)) +
  geom_line(aes(color = variable, linetype = variable), size = 1L) +
  geom_point(aes(color = variable), size = 3L) +
  scale_color_manual(values=c('#1E90FF','#87CEEB')) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019)) +
  labs(title = "Historical Evolution of the Number of Employees in the Wine Sector", y = "", x = "", 
       color = NULL, linetype = NULL) + 
  theme_bw(base_size = 10) +
  theme(legend.position="top", text = element_text(family= "Times New Roman", face="bold"),
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
        legend.title = element_text(color = "black", size = 14),
        legend.text = element_text(color = "black", size = 8))

GEM

2.3 All in one

library(gridExtra)
grid.arrange(GEE,GEM, ncol = 1)

3 Wine Descriptions

3.1 Load Data

library(foreign)  
dados <- read.spss("C:/Users/user/Desktop/Vida acadêmica/Submissões/Artigo dissertação/Quanti/Dados.sav")
attach(dados)
library(tibble) # Resolve o problema anterior #
dados <- as_tibble(dados)
library(tidyverse)
library(plotly)

3.2 Cities frequency table

dados %>%
  count(Município)
## # A tibble: 13 x 2
##    Município            n
##    <fct>            <int>
##  1 Antônio Prado        8
##  2 Bento Gonçalves     20
##  3 Flores da Cunha     71
##  4 Garibaldi           19
##  5 Caxias do Sul       34
##  6 Nova Pádua           8
##  7 Farroupilha         12
##  8 Monte Belo           5
##  9 São Marcos           8
## 10 Nova Roma do Sul     4
## 11 Cotiporã             2
## 12 Veranópolis          2
## 13 Vila FLores          1

3.3 Crisis Impact in the Wineries

tab <- table(dados$Impacto_crise)
Impacto_da_crise <- plot_ly(dados, values = tab, 
                            type = 'pie', textposition = "inside",
                            textinfo = 'percent+value', 
                            labels = c("Strong", "Moderate", "Weak")) %>% layout(title="Crisis Impact")
Impacto_da_crise

3.4 Respondent profile

levels(dados$Cargos)
## [1] "Proprietário"            "Sócio"                  
## [3] "Diretor de departamento" "Gerente"                
## [5] "Função administrativa"   "Enólogo"                
## [7] "Outros"
dados$Cargos <- factor(dados$Cargos,
                               levels=c("Proprietário", "Sócio", "Diretor de departamento", "Gerente", "Função administrativa", "Enólogo", "Outros"),
                               labels=c("Owner", "Partner", "Department Director", "Manager", "Administrative", "Oenologist", "Other"))

dados %>% count(Cargos)
## # A tibble: 7 x 2
##   Cargos                  n
##   <fct>               <int>
## 1 Owner                 143
## 2 Partner                 2
## 3 Department Director    12
## 4 Manager                11
## 5 Administrative         12
## 6 Oenologist             12
## 7 Other                   2
prop.table(table(dados$Cargos)) * 100
## 
##               Owner             Partner Department Director             Manager 
##           73.711340            1.030928            6.185567            5.670103 
##      Administrative          Oenologist               Other 
##            6.185567            6.185567            1.030928

4 Mahalanobis Multivariate Outliers

dadosMahal <- dados[,c(2:53)]
maha <- mahalanobis(dadosMahal, colMeans(dadosMahal, na.rm = T),
                    cov(dadosMahal, use = "pairwise.complete"))
summary(maha)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   23.62   38.85   47.08   51.73   57.48  192.01
cut <- qchisq(1-.001, ncol(dados))
ncol(dados) # DF
## [1] 82
summary(maha < cut)
##    Mode   FALSE    TRUE 
## logical       3     191
noout <- subset(dadosMahal, maha < cut) # Data Without Outliers

5 SEM MODEL

5.1 Packages

library(semTools)
library(lavaan)
library(semPlot)

5.2 Model building

Modelo2 <- 
  'Performance =~ D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5 + D6
  Economic Specialization =~ ESP1 + ESP3 + ESP4 + ESP5
  Economic Diversification =~ DIV2 + DIV3 + DIV4 + DIV5
  Relational Networks =~ RED1 + RED2 + RED3 + RED4 + RED6
  International Relations =~ INT1 + INT2 + INT3 + INT4 + INT5 + INT7
  Technological Heterogeneity =~ TEC1 + TEC3 + TEC4 + TEC5
  Institutional Environment =~ INST1 + INST2 + INST3 + INST4 + INST5 + INST6
  Public policies =~ POL3 + POL4 + POL5 +POL7
  Performance ~ Economic Specialization +  Economic Diversification + Relational Networks + International Relations + Technological Heterogeneity + Institutional Environment + Public policies'

5.3 Model Fit

ModeloFit <- cfa(Modelo2, data = noout, estimator = "WLSMV", ordered = c("D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5", "D6",
                                                                         "ESP1", "ESP3", "ESP4", "ESP5",
                                                                         "DIV2", "DIV3", "DIV4", "DIV5",
                                                                         "RED1", "RED2", "RED3", "RED4", "RED6",
                                                                         "INT1", "INT2", "INT3", "INT4", "INT5", "INT7",
                                                                         "TEC1", "TEC3", "TEC4", "TEC5",
                                                                         "INST1", "INST2", "INST3", "INST4", "INST5", "INST6",
                                                                         "POL3", "POL4", "POL5", "POL7"))

5.3.1 Model Summary

summary(ModeloFit, standardized = T, rsquare = T, fit.measures = T) # Summary
## lavaan 0.6-6 ended normally after 82 iterations
## 
##   Estimator                                       DWLS
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of free parameters                        215
##                                                       
##   Number of observations                           191
##                                                       
## Model Test User Model:
##                                               Standard      Robust
##   Test Statistic                               928.327     917.894
##   Degrees of freedom                               674         674
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.000       0.000
##   Scaling correction factor                                  1.909
##   Shift parameter                                          431.637
##        simple second-order correction                             
## 
## Model Test Baseline Model:
## 
##   Test statistic                             18741.452    6260.754
##   Degrees of freedom                               741         741
##   P-value                                        0.000       0.000
##   Scaling correction factor                                  3.261
## 
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.986       0.956
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.984       0.951
##                                                                   
##   Robust Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                            NA
##   Robust Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                               NA
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.045       0.044
##   90 Percent confidence interval - lower         0.037       0.036
##   90 Percent confidence interval - upper         0.051       0.051
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.902       0.934
##                                                                   
##   Robust RMSEA                                                  NA
##   90 Percent confidence interval - lower                        NA
##   90 Percent confidence interval - upper                        NA
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.080       0.080
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Standard errors                           Robust.sem
##   Information                                 Expected
##   Information saturated (h1) model        Unstructured
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                                 Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv
##   Performance =~                                                            
##     D1                             1.000                               0.764
##     D2                             0.909    0.075   12.195    0.000    0.694
##     D3                             0.953    0.074   12.793    0.000    0.728
##     D4                             0.990    0.068   14.498    0.000    0.756
##     D5                             0.791    0.068   11.607    0.000    0.605
##     D6                             0.802    0.069   11.603    0.000    0.613
##   EconomicSpecialization =~                                                 
##     ESP1                           1.000                               0.737
##     ESP3                           1.065    0.103   10.303    0.000    0.785
##     ESP4                           0.973    0.105    9.288    0.000    0.717
##     ESP5                           1.214    0.103   11.751    0.000    0.895
##   EconomicDiversification =~                                                
##     DIV2                           1.000                               0.588
##     DIV3                           0.770    0.163    4.738    0.000    0.453
##     DIV4                           1.090    0.167    6.524    0.000    0.641
##     DIV5                           1.191    0.190    6.270    0.000    0.701
##   RelationalNetworks =~                                                     
##     RED1                           1.000                               0.769
##     RED2                           0.964    0.107    9.033    0.000    0.741
##     RED3                           0.776    0.088    8.835    0.000    0.597
##     RED4                           0.750    0.094    8.026    0.000    0.577
##     RED6                           0.867    0.086   10.060    0.000    0.666
##   InternationalRelations =~                                                 
##     INT1                           1.000                               0.709
##     INT2                           1.252    0.075   16.634    0.000    0.887
##     INT3                           1.239    0.076   16.296    0.000    0.878
##     INT4                           1.306    0.077   17.050    0.000    0.926
##     INT5                           1.309    0.076   17.326    0.000    0.928
##     INT7                           0.950    0.077   12.402    0.000    0.673
##   TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~                                             
##     TEC1                           1.000                               0.820
##     TEC3                           0.695    0.089    7.771    0.000    0.570
##     TEC4                           0.909    0.094    9.657    0.000    0.745
##     TEC5                           0.733    0.099    7.384    0.000    0.601
##   InstitutionalEnvironment =~                                               
##     INST1                          1.000                               0.597
##     INST2                          1.032    0.158    6.542    0.000    0.616
##     INST3                          1.115    0.150    7.458    0.000    0.665
##     INST4                          0.990    0.151    6.565    0.000    0.591
##     INST5                          1.056    0.144    7.346    0.000    0.630
##     INST6                          1.049    0.150    6.988    0.000    0.626
##   Publicpolicies =~                                                         
##     POL3                           1.000                               0.703
##     POL4                           0.943    0.103    9.155    0.000    0.663
##     POL5                           1.068    0.092   11.606    0.000    0.752
##     POL7                           1.049    0.103   10.179    0.000    0.738
##   Std.all
##          
##     0.764
##     0.694
##     0.728
##     0.756
##     0.605
##     0.613
##          
##     0.737
##     0.785
##     0.717
##     0.895
##          
##     0.588
##     0.453
##     0.641
##     0.701
##          
##     0.769
##     0.741
##     0.597
##     0.577
##     0.666
##          
##     0.709
##     0.887
##     0.878
##     0.926
##     0.928
##     0.673
##          
##     0.820
##     0.570
##     0.745
##     0.601
##          
##     0.597
##     0.616
##     0.665
##     0.591
##     0.630
##     0.626
##          
##     0.703
##     0.663
##     0.752
##     0.738
## 
## Regressions:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv  Std.all
##   Performance ~                                                         
##     EconomcSpclztn    0.391    0.131    2.994    0.003    0.378    0.378
##     EconmcDvrsfctn   -0.181    0.180   -1.004    0.316   -0.139   -0.139
##     RelatinlNtwrks   -0.145    0.103   -1.407    0.159   -0.146   -0.146
##     InterntnlRltns    0.602    0.107    5.608    0.000    0.558    0.558
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt    0.203    0.096    2.113    0.035    0.218    0.218
##     InstttnlEnvrnm   -0.316    0.184   -1.717    0.086   -0.247   -0.247
##     Publicpolicies    0.514    0.142    3.612    0.000    0.473    0.473
## 
## Covariances:
##                                 Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv
##   EconomicSpecialization ~~                                                 
##     EconmcDvrsfctn                 0.286    0.050    5.678    0.000    0.659
##     RelatinlNtwrks                -0.015    0.048   -0.316    0.752   -0.027
##     InterntnlRltns                -0.037    0.043   -0.862    0.389   -0.071
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt                 0.124    0.052    2.357    0.018    0.205
##     InstttnlEnvrnm                 0.017    0.037    0.462    0.644    0.039
##     Publicpolicies                -0.018    0.049   -0.366    0.714   -0.034
##   EconomicDiversification ~~                                                
##     RelatinlNtwrks                 0.125    0.045    2.792    0.005    0.276
##     InterntnlRltns                 0.016    0.039    0.401    0.689    0.038
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt                 0.108    0.045    2.433    0.015    0.225
##     InstttnlEnvrnm                 0.101    0.033    3.069    0.002    0.289
##     Publicpolicies                 0.055    0.038    1.440    0.150    0.134
##   RelationalNetworks ~~                                                     
##     InterntnlRltns                 0.286    0.040    7.125    0.000    0.526
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt                 0.243    0.051    4.773    0.000    0.386
##     InstttnlEnvrnm                 0.239    0.042    5.642    0.000    0.521
##     Publicpolicies                 0.317    0.049    6.506    0.000    0.587
##   InternationalRelations ~~                                                 
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt                 0.348    0.045    7.677    0.000    0.598
##     InstttnlEnvrnm                 0.174    0.034    5.133    0.000    0.411
##     Publicpolicies                 0.228    0.042    5.463    0.000    0.458
##   TechnologicalHeterogeneity ~~                                             
##     InstttnlEnvrnm                 0.232    0.046    5.050    0.000    0.474
##     Publicpolicies                 0.254    0.049    5.136    0.000    0.440
##   InstitutionalEnvironment ~~                                               
##     Publicpolicies                 0.319    0.050    6.349    0.000    0.759
##   Std.all
##          
##     0.659
##    -0.027
##    -0.071
##     0.205
##     0.039
##    -0.034
##          
##     0.276
##     0.038
##     0.225
##     0.289
##     0.134
##          
##     0.526
##     0.386
##     0.521
##     0.587
##          
##     0.598
##     0.411
##     0.458
##          
##     0.474
##     0.440
##          
##     0.759
## 
## Intercepts:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv  Std.all
##    .D1                0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .D2                0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .D3                0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .D4                0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .D5                0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .D6                0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .ESP1              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .ESP3              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .ESP4              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .ESP5              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .DIV2              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .DIV3              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .DIV4              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .DIV5              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .RED1              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .RED2              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .RED3              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .RED4              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .RED6              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INT1              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INT2              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INT3              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INT4              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INT5              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INT7              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .TEC1              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .TEC3              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .TEC4              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .TEC5              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INST1             0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INST2             0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INST3             0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INST4             0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INST5             0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .INST6             0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .POL3              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .POL4              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .POL5              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .POL7              0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    .Performance       0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     EconomcSpclztn    0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     EconmcDvrsfctn    0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     RelatinlNtwrks    0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     InterntnlRltns    0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt    0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     InstttnlEnvrnm    0.000                               0.000    0.000
##     Publicpolicies    0.000                               0.000    0.000
## 
## Thresholds:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv  Std.all
##     D1|t1            -1.199    0.119  -10.063    0.000   -1.199   -1.199
##     D1|t2            -0.721    0.100   -7.202    0.000   -0.721   -0.721
##     D1|t3             0.455    0.094    4.817    0.000    0.455    0.455
##     D1|t4             1.347    0.128   10.501    0.000    1.347    1.347
##     D2|t1            -0.790    0.102   -7.746    0.000   -0.790   -0.790
##     D2|t2            -0.205    0.092   -2.236    0.025   -0.205   -0.205
##     D2|t3             0.514    0.095    5.385    0.000    0.514    0.514
##     D2|t4             0.923    0.107    8.666    0.000    0.923    0.923
##     D3|t1            -1.940    0.191  -10.174    0.000   -1.940   -1.940
##     D3|t2            -1.147    0.116   -9.856    0.000   -1.147   -1.147
##     D3|t3             0.020    0.091    0.217    0.829    0.020    0.020
##     D3|t4             1.007    0.110    9.166    0.000    1.007    1.007
##     D4|t1            -1.673    0.156  -10.707    0.000   -1.673   -1.673
##     D4|t2            -1.098    0.114   -9.636    0.000   -1.098   -1.098
##     D4|t3             0.272    0.092    2.955    0.003    0.272    0.272
##     D4|t4             1.173    0.118    9.962    0.000    1.173    1.173
##     D5|t1            -1.729    0.162  -10.644    0.000   -1.729   -1.729
##     D5|t2            -1.147    0.116   -9.856    0.000   -1.147   -1.147
##     D5|t3            -0.072    0.091   -0.794    0.427   -0.072   -0.072
##     D5|t4             1.051    0.112    9.406    0.000    1.051    1.051
##     D6|t1            -1.490    0.139  -10.718    0.000   -1.490   -1.490
##     D6|t2            -0.943    0.107   -8.793    0.000   -0.943   -0.943
##     D6|t3             0.232    0.092    2.524    0.012    0.232    0.232
##     D6|t4             1.452    0.136   10.679    0.000    1.452    1.452
##     ESP1|t1          -2.035    0.206   -9.861    0.000   -2.035   -2.035
##     ESP1|t2          -1.199    0.119  -10.063    0.000   -1.199   -1.199
##     ESP1|t3          -0.773    0.102   -7.611    0.000   -0.773   -0.773
##     ESP1|t4          -0.138    0.091   -1.515    0.130   -0.138   -0.138
##     ESP3|t1          -2.152    0.229   -9.398    0.000   -2.152   -2.152
##     ESP3|t2          -1.531    0.143  -10.743    0.000   -1.531   -1.531
##     ESP3|t3          -0.232    0.092   -2.524    0.012   -0.232   -0.232
##     ESP4|t1          -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     ESP4|t2          -1.791    0.170  -10.542    0.000   -1.791   -1.791
##     ESP4|t3          -0.985    0.109   -9.043    0.000   -0.985   -0.985
##     ESP4|t4          -0.033    0.091   -0.361    0.718   -0.033   -0.033
##     ESP5|t1          -2.152    0.229   -9.398    0.000   -2.152   -2.152
##     ESP5|t2          -1.315    0.126  -10.425    0.000   -1.315   -1.315
##     ESP5|t3          -0.245    0.092   -2.668    0.008   -0.245   -0.245
##     DIV2|t1          -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     DIV2|t2          -1.791    0.170  -10.542    0.000   -1.791   -1.791
##     DIV2|t3          -1.227    0.121  -10.161    0.000   -1.227   -1.227
##     DIV2|t4           0.191    0.092    2.092    0.036    0.191    0.191
##     DIV3|t1          -2.309    0.266   -8.675    0.000   -2.309   -2.309
##     DIV3|t2          -1.940    0.191  -10.174    0.000   -1.940   -1.940
##     DIV3|t3          -1.173    0.118   -9.962    0.000   -1.173   -1.173
##     DIV3|t4           0.099    0.091    1.082    0.279    0.099    0.099
##     DIV4|t1          -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     DIV4|t2          -1.791    0.170  -10.542    0.000   -1.791   -1.791
##     DIV4|t3          -1.147    0.116   -9.856    0.000   -1.147   -1.147
##     DIV4|t4           0.072    0.091    0.794    0.427    0.072    0.072
##     DIV5|t1          -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     DIV5|t2          -1.452    0.136  -10.679    0.000   -1.452   -1.452
##     DIV5|t3          -0.369    0.093   -3.960    0.000   -0.369   -0.369
##     RED1|t1          -1.860    0.179  -10.392    0.000   -1.860   -1.860
##     RED1|t2          -1.173    0.118   -9.962    0.000   -1.173   -1.173
##     RED1|t3          -0.412    0.094   -4.389    0.000   -0.412   -0.412
##     RED1|t4           0.412    0.094    4.389    0.000    0.412    0.412
##     RED2|t1          -2.035    0.206   -9.861    0.000   -2.035   -2.035
##     RED2|t2          -1.531    0.143  -10.743    0.000   -1.531   -1.531
##     RED2|t3          -0.654    0.098   -6.650    0.000   -0.654   -0.654
##     RED2|t4           0.440    0.094    4.674    0.000    0.440    0.440
##     RED3|t1          -1.860    0.179  -10.392    0.000   -1.860   -1.860
##     RED3|t2          -1.622    0.151  -10.741    0.000   -1.622   -1.622
##     RED3|t3          -0.738    0.101   -7.339    0.000   -0.738   -0.738
##     RED3|t4           0.355    0.093    3.817    0.000    0.355    0.355
##     RED4|t1          -2.309    0.266   -8.675    0.000   -2.309   -2.309
##     RED4|t2          -1.074    0.113   -9.522    0.000   -1.074   -1.074
##     RED4|t3           0.191    0.092    2.092    0.036    0.191    0.191
##     RED6|t1          -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     RED6|t2          -1.729    0.162  -10.644    0.000   -1.729   -1.729
##     RED6|t3          -0.721    0.100   -7.202    0.000   -0.721   -0.721
##     RED6|t4           0.575    0.097    5.950    0.000    0.575    0.575
##     INT1|t1          -0.773    0.102   -7.611    0.000   -0.773   -0.773
##     INT1|t2          -0.341    0.093   -3.673    0.000   -0.341   -0.341
##     INT1|t3           0.245    0.092    2.668    0.008    0.245    0.245
##     INT1|t4           0.790    0.102    7.746    0.000    0.790    0.790
##     INT2|t1          -0.440    0.094   -4.674    0.000   -0.440   -0.440
##     INT2|t2          -0.007    0.091   -0.072    0.942   -0.007   -0.007
##     INT2|t3           0.286    0.092    3.099    0.002    0.286    0.286
##     INT2|t4           1.098    0.114    9.636    0.000    1.098    1.098
##     INT3|t1          -0.046    0.091   -0.505    0.613   -0.046   -0.046
##     INT3|t2           0.152    0.091    1.659    0.097    0.152    0.152
##     INT3|t3           0.529    0.096    5.527    0.000    0.529    0.529
##     INT3|t4           0.964    0.108    8.919    0.000    0.964    0.964
##     INT4|t1          -0.245    0.092   -2.668    0.008   -0.245   -0.245
##     INT4|t2          -0.020    0.091   -0.217    0.829   -0.020   -0.020
##     INT4|t3           0.412    0.094    4.389    0.000    0.412    0.412
##     INT4|t4           0.985    0.109    9.043    0.000    0.985    0.985
##     INT5|t1          -0.397    0.094   -4.246    0.000   -0.397   -0.397
##     INT5|t2          -0.099    0.091   -1.082    0.279   -0.099   -0.099
##     INT5|t3           0.286    0.092    3.099    0.002    0.286    0.286
##     INT5|t4           0.864    0.104    8.278    0.000    0.864    0.864
##     INT7|t1          -1.622    0.151  -10.741    0.000   -1.622   -1.622
##     INT7|t2          -0.606    0.097   -6.231    0.000   -0.606   -0.606
##     INT7|t3           0.085    0.091    0.938    0.348    0.085    0.085
##     INT7|t4           0.687    0.099    6.927    0.000    0.687    0.687
##     TEC1|t1          -2.035    0.206   -9.861    0.000   -2.035   -2.035
##     TEC1|t2          -1.380    0.131  -10.569    0.000   -1.380   -1.380
##     TEC1|t3          -0.455    0.094   -4.817    0.000   -0.455   -0.455
##     TEC1|t4           0.455    0.094    4.817    0.000    0.455    0.455
##     TEC3|t1          -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     TEC3|t2          -2.035    0.206   -9.861    0.000   -2.035   -2.035
##     TEC3|t3          -0.638    0.098   -6.510    0.000   -0.638   -0.638
##     TEC3|t4           0.469    0.095    4.959    0.000    0.469    0.469
##     TEC4|t1          -2.309    0.266   -8.675    0.000   -2.309   -2.309
##     TEC4|t2          -1.791    0.170  -10.542    0.000   -1.791   -1.791
##     TEC4|t3          -0.985    0.109   -9.043    0.000   -0.985   -0.985
##     TEC4|t4           0.426    0.094    4.532    0.000    0.426    0.426
##     TEC5|t1          -1.122    0.115   -9.748    0.000   -1.122   -1.122
##     TEC5|t2           0.245    0.092    2.668    0.008    0.245    0.245
##     INST1|t1         -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     INST1|t2         -1.860    0.179  -10.392    0.000   -1.860   -1.860
##     INST1|t3         -1.098    0.114   -9.636    0.000   -1.098   -1.098
##     INST1|t4          0.286    0.092    3.099    0.002    0.286    0.286
##     INST2|t1         -2.152    0.229   -9.398    0.000   -2.152   -2.152
##     INST2|t2         -0.903    0.106   -8.538    0.000   -0.903   -0.903
##     INST2|t3          0.514    0.095    5.385    0.000    0.514    0.514
##     INST3|t1         -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     INST3|t2         -1.791    0.170  -10.542    0.000   -1.791   -1.791
##     INST3|t3         -0.773    0.102   -7.611    0.000   -0.773   -0.773
##     INST3|t4          0.469    0.095    4.959    0.000    0.469    0.469
##     INST4|t1         -1.860    0.179  -10.392    0.000   -1.860   -1.860
##     INST4|t2         -1.029    0.111   -9.287    0.000   -1.029   -1.029
##     INST4|t3          0.369    0.093    3.960    0.000    0.369    0.369
##     INST5|t1         -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     INST5|t2         -1.622    0.151  -10.741    0.000   -1.622   -1.622
##     INST5|t3         -1.173    0.118   -9.962    0.000   -1.173   -1.173
##     INST5|t4          0.383    0.093    4.103    0.000    0.383    0.383
##     INST6|t1         -2.560    0.348   -7.366    0.000   -2.560   -2.560
##     INST6|t2         -1.940    0.191  -10.174    0.000   -1.940   -1.940
##     INST6|t3         -1.173    0.118   -9.962    0.000   -1.173   -1.173
##     INST6|t4          0.138    0.091    1.515    0.130    0.138    0.138
##     POL3|t1          -1.147    0.116   -9.856    0.000   -1.147   -1.147
##     POL3|t2          -0.790    0.102   -7.746    0.000   -0.790   -0.790
##     POL3|t3          -0.286    0.092   -3.099    0.002   -0.286   -0.286
##     POL3|t4           0.845    0.104    8.146    0.000    0.845    0.845
##     POL4|t1          -2.035    0.206   -9.861    0.000   -2.035   -2.035
##     POL4|t2          -1.199    0.119  -10.063    0.000   -1.199   -1.199
##     POL4|t3          -0.469    0.095   -4.959    0.000   -0.469   -0.469
##     POL4|t4           0.544    0.096    5.668    0.000    0.544    0.544
##     POL5|t1          -1.673    0.156  -10.707    0.000   -1.673   -1.673
##     POL5|t2          -1.285    0.124  -10.342    0.000   -1.285   -1.285
##     POL5|t3          -0.341    0.093   -3.673    0.000   -0.341   -0.341
##     POL5|t4           0.773    0.102    7.611    0.000    0.773    0.773
##     POL7|t1          -1.673    0.156  -10.707    0.000   -1.673   -1.673
##     POL7|t2          -1.415    0.133  -10.629    0.000   -1.415   -1.415
##     POL7|t3          -0.773    0.102   -7.611    0.000   -0.773   -0.773
##     POL7|t4           0.383    0.093    4.103    0.000    0.383    0.383
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv  Std.all
##    .D1                0.417                               0.417    0.417
##    .D2                0.518                               0.518    0.518
##    .D3                0.471                               0.471    0.471
##    .D4                0.428                               0.428    0.428
##    .D5                0.635                               0.635    0.635
##    .D6                0.625                               0.625    0.625
##    .ESP1              0.457                               0.457    0.457
##    .ESP3              0.384                               0.384    0.384
##    .ESP4              0.486                               0.486    0.486
##    .ESP5              0.199                               0.199    0.199
##    .DIV2              0.654                               0.654    0.654
##    .DIV3              0.795                               0.795    0.795
##    .DIV4              0.589                               0.589    0.589
##    .DIV5              0.509                               0.509    0.509
##    .RED1              0.409                               0.409    0.409
##    .RED2              0.451                               0.451    0.451
##    .RED3              0.644                               0.644    0.644
##    .RED4              0.667                               0.667    0.667
##    .RED6              0.556                               0.556    0.556
##    .INT1              0.497                               0.497    0.497
##    .INT2              0.212                               0.212    0.212
##    .INT3              0.229                               0.229    0.229
##    .INT4              0.143                               0.143    0.143
##    .INT5              0.139                               0.139    0.139
##    .INT7              0.547                               0.547    0.547
##    .TEC1              0.328                               0.328    0.328
##    .TEC3              0.675                               0.675    0.675
##    .TEC4              0.445                               0.445    0.445
##    .TEC5              0.639                               0.639    0.639
##    .INST1             0.644                               0.644    0.644
##    .INST2             0.620                               0.620    0.620
##    .INST3             0.557                               0.557    0.557
##    .INST4             0.651                               0.651    0.651
##    .INST5             0.603                               0.603    0.603
##    .INST6             0.608                               0.608    0.608
##    .POL3              0.505                               0.505    0.505
##    .POL4              0.560                               0.560    0.560
##    .POL5              0.435                               0.435    0.435
##    .POL7              0.456                               0.456    0.456
##    .Performance       0.163    0.037    4.336    0.000    0.279    0.279
##     EconomcSpclztn    0.543    0.081    6.736    0.000    1.000    1.000
##     EconmcDvrsfctn    0.346    0.075    4.600    0.000    1.000    1.000
##     RelatinlNtwrks    0.591    0.077    7.698    0.000    1.000    1.000
##     InterntnlRltns    0.503    0.059    8.557    0.000    1.000    1.000
##     TchnlgclHtrgnt    0.672    0.077    8.752    0.000    1.000    1.000
##     InstttnlEnvrnm    0.356    0.074    4.794    0.000    1.000    1.000
##     Publicpolicies    0.495    0.072    6.887    0.000    1.000    1.000
## 
## Scales y*:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)   Std.lv  Std.all
##     D1                1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     D2                1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     D3                1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     D4                1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     D5                1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     D6                1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     ESP1              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     ESP3              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     ESP4              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     ESP5              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     DIV2              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     DIV3              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     DIV4              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     DIV5              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     RED1              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     RED2              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     RED3              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     RED4              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     RED6              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INT1              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INT2              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INT3              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INT4              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INT5              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INT7              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     TEC1              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     TEC3              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     TEC4              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     TEC5              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INST1             1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INST2             1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INST3             1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INST4             1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INST5             1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     INST6             1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     POL3              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     POL4              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     POL5              1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     POL7              1.000                               1.000    1.000
## 
## R-Square:
##                    Estimate
##     D1                0.583
##     D2                0.482
##     D3                0.529
##     D4                0.572
##     D5                0.365
##     D6                0.375
##     ESP1              0.543
##     ESP3              0.616
##     ESP4              0.514
##     ESP5              0.801
##     DIV2              0.346
##     DIV3              0.205
##     DIV4              0.411
##     DIV5              0.491
##     RED1              0.591
##     RED2              0.549
##     RED3              0.356
##     RED4              0.333
##     RED6              0.444
##     INT1              0.503
##     INT2              0.788
##     INT3              0.771
##     INT4              0.857
##     INT5              0.861
##     INT7              0.453
##     TEC1              0.672
##     TEC3              0.325
##     TEC4              0.555
##     TEC5              0.361
##     INST1             0.356
##     INST2             0.380
##     INST3             0.443
##     INST4             0.349
##     INST5             0.397
##     INST6             0.392
##     POL3              0.495
##     POL4              0.440
##     POL5              0.565
##     POL7              0.544
##     Performance       0.721
parameterEstimates(ModeloFit, standardized = T) # Parameter Estimates
##                            lhs  op                        rhs    est    se
## 1                  Performance  =~                         D1  1.000 0.000
## 2                  Performance  =~                         D2  0.909 0.075
## 3                  Performance  =~                         D3  0.953 0.074
## 4                  Performance  =~                         D4  0.990 0.068
## 5                  Performance  =~                         D5  0.791 0.068
## 6                  Performance  =~                         D6  0.802 0.069
## 7       EconomicSpecialization  =~                       ESP1  1.000 0.000
## 8       EconomicSpecialization  =~                       ESP3  1.065 0.103
## 9       EconomicSpecialization  =~                       ESP4  0.973 0.105
## 10      EconomicSpecialization  =~                       ESP5  1.214 0.103
## 11     EconomicDiversification  =~                       DIV2  1.000 0.000
## 12     EconomicDiversification  =~                       DIV3  0.770 0.163
## 13     EconomicDiversification  =~                       DIV4  1.090 0.167
## 14     EconomicDiversification  =~                       DIV5  1.191 0.190
## 15          RelationalNetworks  =~                       RED1  1.000 0.000
## 16          RelationalNetworks  =~                       RED2  0.964 0.107
## 17          RelationalNetworks  =~                       RED3  0.776 0.088
## 18          RelationalNetworks  =~                       RED4  0.750 0.094
## 19          RelationalNetworks  =~                       RED6  0.867 0.086
## 20      InternationalRelations  =~                       INT1  1.000 0.000
## 21      InternationalRelations  =~                       INT2  1.252 0.075
## 22      InternationalRelations  =~                       INT3  1.239 0.076
## 23      InternationalRelations  =~                       INT4  1.306 0.077
## 24      InternationalRelations  =~                       INT5  1.309 0.076
## 25      InternationalRelations  =~                       INT7  0.950 0.077
## 26  TechnologicalHeterogeneity  =~                       TEC1  1.000 0.000
## 27  TechnologicalHeterogeneity  =~                       TEC3  0.695 0.089
## 28  TechnologicalHeterogeneity  =~                       TEC4  0.909 0.094
## 29  TechnologicalHeterogeneity  =~                       TEC5  0.733 0.099
## 30    InstitutionalEnvironment  =~                      INST1  1.000 0.000
## 31    InstitutionalEnvironment  =~                      INST2  1.032 0.158
## 32    InstitutionalEnvironment  =~                      INST3  1.115 0.150
## 33    InstitutionalEnvironment  =~                      INST4  0.990 0.151
## 34    InstitutionalEnvironment  =~                      INST5  1.056 0.144
## 35    InstitutionalEnvironment  =~                      INST6  1.049 0.150
## 36              Publicpolicies  =~                       POL3  1.000 0.000
## 37              Publicpolicies  =~                       POL4  0.943 0.103
## 38              Publicpolicies  =~                       POL5  1.068 0.092
## 39              Publicpolicies  =~                       POL7  1.049 0.103
## 40                 Performance   ~     EconomicSpecialization  0.391 0.131
## 41                 Performance   ~    EconomicDiversification -0.181 0.180
## 42                 Performance   ~         RelationalNetworks -0.145 0.103
## 43                 Performance   ~     InternationalRelations  0.602 0.107
## 44                 Performance   ~ TechnologicalHeterogeneity  0.203 0.096
## 45                 Performance   ~   InstitutionalEnvironment -0.316 0.184
## 46                 Performance   ~             Publicpolicies  0.514 0.142
## 47                          D1   |                         t1 -1.199 0.119
## 48                          D1   |                         t2 -0.721 0.100
## 49                          D1   |                         t3  0.455 0.094
## 50                          D1   |                         t4  1.347 0.128
## 51                          D2   |                         t1 -0.790 0.102
## 52                          D2   |                         t2 -0.205 0.092
## 53                          D2   |                         t3  0.514 0.095
## 54                          D2   |                         t4  0.923 0.107
## 55                          D3   |                         t1 -1.940 0.191
## 56                          D3   |                         t2 -1.147 0.116
## 57                          D3   |                         t3  0.020 0.091
## 58                          D3   |                         t4  1.007 0.110
## 59                          D4   |                         t1 -1.673 0.156
## 60                          D4   |                         t2 -1.098 0.114
## 61                          D4   |                         t3  0.272 0.092
## 62                          D4   |                         t4  1.173 0.118
## 63                          D5   |                         t1 -1.729 0.162
## 64                          D5   |                         t2 -1.147 0.116
## 65                          D5   |                         t3 -0.072 0.091
## 66                          D5   |                         t4  1.051 0.112
## 67                          D6   |                         t1 -1.490 0.139
## 68                          D6   |                         t2 -0.943 0.107
## 69                          D6   |                         t3  0.232 0.092
## 70                          D6   |                         t4  1.452 0.136
## 71                        ESP1   |                         t1 -2.035 0.206
## 72                        ESP1   |                         t2 -1.199 0.119
## 73                        ESP1   |                         t3 -0.773 0.102
## 74                        ESP1   |                         t4 -0.138 0.091
## 75                        ESP3   |                         t1 -2.152 0.229
## 76                        ESP3   |                         t2 -1.531 0.143
## 77                        ESP3   |                         t3 -0.232 0.092
## 78                        ESP4   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 79                        ESP4   |                         t2 -1.791 0.170
## 80                        ESP4   |                         t3 -0.985 0.109
## 81                        ESP4   |                         t4 -0.033 0.091
## 82                        ESP5   |                         t1 -2.152 0.229
## 83                        ESP5   |                         t2 -1.315 0.126
## 84                        ESP5   |                         t3 -0.245 0.092
## 85                        DIV2   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 86                        DIV2   |                         t2 -1.791 0.170
## 87                        DIV2   |                         t3 -1.227 0.121
## 88                        DIV2   |                         t4  0.191 0.092
## 89                        DIV3   |                         t1 -2.309 0.266
## 90                        DIV3   |                         t2 -1.940 0.191
## 91                        DIV3   |                         t3 -1.173 0.118
## 92                        DIV3   |                         t4  0.099 0.091
## 93                        DIV4   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 94                        DIV4   |                         t2 -1.791 0.170
## 95                        DIV4   |                         t3 -1.147 0.116
## 96                        DIV4   |                         t4  0.072 0.091
## 97                        DIV5   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 98                        DIV5   |                         t2 -1.452 0.136
## 99                        DIV5   |                         t3 -0.369 0.093
## 100                       RED1   |                         t1 -1.860 0.179
## 101                       RED1   |                         t2 -1.173 0.118
## 102                       RED1   |                         t3 -0.412 0.094
## 103                       RED1   |                         t4  0.412 0.094
## 104                       RED2   |                         t1 -2.035 0.206
## 105                       RED2   |                         t2 -1.531 0.143
## 106                       RED2   |                         t3 -0.654 0.098
## 107                       RED2   |                         t4  0.440 0.094
## 108                       RED3   |                         t1 -1.860 0.179
## 109                       RED3   |                         t2 -1.622 0.151
## 110                       RED3   |                         t3 -0.738 0.101
## 111                       RED3   |                         t4  0.355 0.093
## 112                       RED4   |                         t1 -2.309 0.266
## 113                       RED4   |                         t2 -1.074 0.113
## 114                       RED4   |                         t3  0.191 0.092
## 115                       RED6   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 116                       RED6   |                         t2 -1.729 0.162
## 117                       RED6   |                         t3 -0.721 0.100
## 118                       RED6   |                         t4  0.575 0.097
## 119                       INT1   |                         t1 -0.773 0.102
## 120                       INT1   |                         t2 -0.341 0.093
## 121                       INT1   |                         t3  0.245 0.092
## 122                       INT1   |                         t4  0.790 0.102
## 123                       INT2   |                         t1 -0.440 0.094
## 124                       INT2   |                         t2 -0.007 0.091
## 125                       INT2   |                         t3  0.286 0.092
## 126                       INT2   |                         t4  1.098 0.114
## 127                       INT3   |                         t1 -0.046 0.091
## 128                       INT3   |                         t2  0.152 0.091
## 129                       INT3   |                         t3  0.529 0.096
## 130                       INT3   |                         t4  0.964 0.108
## 131                       INT4   |                         t1 -0.245 0.092
## 132                       INT4   |                         t2 -0.020 0.091
## 133                       INT4   |                         t3  0.412 0.094
## 134                       INT4   |                         t4  0.985 0.109
## 135                       INT5   |                         t1 -0.397 0.094
## 136                       INT5   |                         t2 -0.099 0.091
## 137                       INT5   |                         t3  0.286 0.092
## 138                       INT5   |                         t4  0.864 0.104
## 139                       INT7   |                         t1 -1.622 0.151
## 140                       INT7   |                         t2 -0.606 0.097
## 141                       INT7   |                         t3  0.085 0.091
## 142                       INT7   |                         t4  0.687 0.099
## 143                       TEC1   |                         t1 -2.035 0.206
## 144                       TEC1   |                         t2 -1.380 0.131
## 145                       TEC1   |                         t3 -0.455 0.094
## 146                       TEC1   |                         t4  0.455 0.094
## 147                       TEC3   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 148                       TEC3   |                         t2 -2.035 0.206
## 149                       TEC3   |                         t3 -0.638 0.098
## 150                       TEC3   |                         t4  0.469 0.095
## 151                       TEC4   |                         t1 -2.309 0.266
## 152                       TEC4   |                         t2 -1.791 0.170
## 153                       TEC4   |                         t3 -0.985 0.109
## 154                       TEC4   |                         t4  0.426 0.094
## 155                       TEC5   |                         t1 -1.122 0.115
## 156                       TEC5   |                         t2  0.245 0.092
## 157                      INST1   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 158                      INST1   |                         t2 -1.860 0.179
## 159                      INST1   |                         t3 -1.098 0.114
## 160                      INST1   |                         t4  0.286 0.092
## 161                      INST2   |                         t1 -2.152 0.229
## 162                      INST2   |                         t2 -0.903 0.106
## 163                      INST2   |                         t3  0.514 0.095
## 164                      INST3   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 165                      INST3   |                         t2 -1.791 0.170
## 166                      INST3   |                         t3 -0.773 0.102
## 167                      INST3   |                         t4  0.469 0.095
## 168                      INST4   |                         t1 -1.860 0.179
## 169                      INST4   |                         t2 -1.029 0.111
## 170                      INST4   |                         t3  0.369 0.093
## 171                      INST5   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 172                      INST5   |                         t2 -1.622 0.151
## 173                      INST5   |                         t3 -1.173 0.118
## 174                      INST5   |                         t4  0.383 0.093
## 175                      INST6   |                         t1 -2.560 0.348
## 176                      INST6   |                         t2 -1.940 0.191
## 177                      INST6   |                         t3 -1.173 0.118
## 178                      INST6   |                         t4  0.138 0.091
## 179                       POL3   |                         t1 -1.147 0.116
## 180                       POL3   |                         t2 -0.790 0.102
## 181                       POL3   |                         t3 -0.286 0.092
## 182                       POL3   |                         t4  0.845 0.104
## 183                       POL4   |                         t1 -2.035 0.206
## 184                       POL4   |                         t2 -1.199 0.119
## 185                       POL4   |                         t3 -0.469 0.095
## 186                       POL4   |                         t4  0.544 0.096
## 187                       POL5   |                         t1 -1.673 0.156
## 188                       POL5   |                         t2 -1.285 0.124
## 189                       POL5   |                         t3 -0.341 0.093
## 190                       POL5   |                         t4  0.773 0.102
## 191                       POL7   |                         t1 -1.673 0.156
## 192                       POL7   |                         t2 -1.415 0.133
## 193                       POL7   |                         t3 -0.773 0.102
## 194                       POL7   |                         t4  0.383 0.093
## 195                         D1  ~~                         D1  0.417 0.000
## 196                         D2  ~~                         D2  0.518 0.000
## 197                         D3  ~~                         D3  0.471 0.000
## 198                         D4  ~~                         D4  0.428 0.000
## 199                         D5  ~~                         D5  0.635 0.000
## 200                         D6  ~~                         D6  0.625 0.000
## 201                       ESP1  ~~                       ESP1  0.457 0.000
## 202                       ESP3  ~~                       ESP3  0.384 0.000
## 203                       ESP4  ~~                       ESP4  0.486 0.000
## 204                       ESP5  ~~                       ESP5  0.199 0.000
## 205                       DIV2  ~~                       DIV2  0.654 0.000
## 206                       DIV3  ~~                       DIV3  0.795 0.000
## 207                       DIV4  ~~                       DIV4  0.589 0.000
## 208                       DIV5  ~~                       DIV5  0.509 0.000
## 209                       RED1  ~~                       RED1  0.409 0.000
## 210                       RED2  ~~                       RED2  0.451 0.000
## 211                       RED3  ~~                       RED3  0.644 0.000
## 212                       RED4  ~~                       RED4  0.667 0.000
## 213                       RED6  ~~                       RED6  0.556 0.000
## 214                       INT1  ~~                       INT1  0.497 0.000
## 215                       INT2  ~~                       INT2  0.212 0.000
## 216                       INT3  ~~                       INT3  0.229 0.000
## 217                       INT4  ~~                       INT4  0.143 0.000
## 218                       INT5  ~~                       INT5  0.139 0.000
## 219                       INT7  ~~                       INT7  0.547 0.000
## 220                       TEC1  ~~                       TEC1  0.328 0.000
## 221                       TEC3  ~~                       TEC3  0.675 0.000
## 222                       TEC4  ~~                       TEC4  0.445 0.000
## 223                       TEC5  ~~                       TEC5  0.639 0.000
## 224                      INST1  ~~                      INST1  0.644 0.000
## 225                      INST2  ~~                      INST2  0.620 0.000
## 226                      INST3  ~~                      INST3  0.557 0.000
## 227                      INST4  ~~                      INST4  0.651 0.000
## 228                      INST5  ~~                      INST5  0.603 0.000
## 229                      INST6  ~~                      INST6  0.608 0.000
## 230                       POL3  ~~                       POL3  0.505 0.000
## 231                       POL4  ~~                       POL4  0.560 0.000
## 232                       POL5  ~~                       POL5  0.435 0.000
## 233                       POL7  ~~                       POL7  0.456 0.000
## 234                Performance  ~~                Performance  0.163 0.037
## 235     EconomicSpecialization  ~~     EconomicSpecialization  0.543 0.081
## 236    EconomicDiversification  ~~    EconomicDiversification  0.346 0.075
## 237         RelationalNetworks  ~~         RelationalNetworks  0.591 0.077
## 238     InternationalRelations  ~~     InternationalRelations  0.503 0.059
## 239 TechnologicalHeterogeneity  ~~ TechnologicalHeterogeneity  0.672 0.077
## 240   InstitutionalEnvironment  ~~   InstitutionalEnvironment  0.356 0.074
## 241             Publicpolicies  ~~             Publicpolicies  0.495 0.072
## 242     EconomicSpecialization  ~~    EconomicDiversification  0.286 0.050
## 243     EconomicSpecialization  ~~         RelationalNetworks -0.015 0.048
## 244     EconomicSpecialization  ~~     InternationalRelations -0.037 0.043
## 245     EconomicSpecialization  ~~ TechnologicalHeterogeneity  0.124 0.052
## 246     EconomicSpecialization  ~~   InstitutionalEnvironment  0.017 0.037
## 247     EconomicSpecialization  ~~             Publicpolicies -0.018 0.049
## 248    EconomicDiversification  ~~         RelationalNetworks  0.125 0.045
## 249    EconomicDiversification  ~~     InternationalRelations  0.016 0.039
## 250    EconomicDiversification  ~~ TechnologicalHeterogeneity  0.108 0.045
## 251    EconomicDiversification  ~~   InstitutionalEnvironment  0.101 0.033
## 252    EconomicDiversification  ~~             Publicpolicies  0.055 0.038
## 253         RelationalNetworks  ~~     InternationalRelations  0.286 0.040
## 254         RelationalNetworks  ~~ TechnologicalHeterogeneity  0.243 0.051
## 255         RelationalNetworks  ~~   InstitutionalEnvironment  0.239 0.042
## 256         RelationalNetworks  ~~             Publicpolicies  0.317 0.049
## 257     InternationalRelations  ~~ TechnologicalHeterogeneity  0.348 0.045
## 258     InternationalRelations  ~~   InstitutionalEnvironment  0.174 0.034
## 259     InternationalRelations  ~~             Publicpolicies  0.228 0.042
## 260 TechnologicalHeterogeneity  ~~   InstitutionalEnvironment  0.232 0.046
## 261 TechnologicalHeterogeneity  ~~             Publicpolicies  0.254 0.049
## 262   InstitutionalEnvironment  ~~             Publicpolicies  0.319 0.050
## 263                         D1 ~*~                         D1  1.000 0.000
## 264                         D2 ~*~                         D2  1.000 0.000
## 265                         D3 ~*~                         D3  1.000 0.000
## 266                         D4 ~*~                         D4  1.000 0.000
## 267                         D5 ~*~                         D5  1.000 0.000
## 268                         D6 ~*~                         D6  1.000 0.000
## 269                       ESP1 ~*~                       ESP1  1.000 0.000
## 270                       ESP3 ~*~                       ESP3  1.000 0.000
## 271                       ESP4 ~*~                       ESP4  1.000 0.000
## 272                       ESP5 ~*~                       ESP5  1.000 0.000
## 273                       DIV2 ~*~                       DIV2  1.000 0.000
## 274                       DIV3 ~*~                       DIV3  1.000 0.000
## 275                       DIV4 ~*~                       DIV4  1.000 0.000
## 276                       DIV5 ~*~                       DIV5  1.000 0.000
## 277                       RED1 ~*~                       RED1  1.000 0.000
## 278                       RED2 ~*~                       RED2  1.000 0.000
## 279                       RED3 ~*~                       RED3  1.000 0.000
## 280                       RED4 ~*~                       RED4  1.000 0.000
## 281                       RED6 ~*~                       RED6  1.000 0.000
## 282                       INT1 ~*~                       INT1  1.000 0.000
## 283                       INT2 ~*~                       INT2  1.000 0.000
## 284                       INT3 ~*~                       INT3  1.000 0.000
## 285                       INT4 ~*~                       INT4  1.000 0.000
## 286                       INT5 ~*~                       INT5  1.000 0.000
## 287                       INT7 ~*~                       INT7  1.000 0.000
## 288                       TEC1 ~*~                       TEC1  1.000 0.000
## 289                       TEC3 ~*~                       TEC3  1.000 0.000
## 290                       TEC4 ~*~                       TEC4  1.000 0.000
## 291                       TEC5 ~*~                       TEC5  1.000 0.000
## 292                      INST1 ~*~                      INST1  1.000 0.000
## 293                      INST2 ~*~                      INST2  1.000 0.000
## 294                      INST3 ~*~                      INST3  1.000 0.000
## 295                      INST4 ~*~                      INST4  1.000 0.000
## 296                      INST5 ~*~                      INST5  1.000 0.000
## 297                      INST6 ~*~                      INST6  1.000 0.000
## 298                       POL3 ~*~                       POL3  1.000 0.000
## 299                       POL4 ~*~                       POL4  1.000 0.000
## 300                       POL5 ~*~                       POL5  1.000 0.000
## 301                       POL7 ~*~                       POL7  1.000 0.000
## 302                         D1  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 303                         D2  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 304                         D3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 305                         D4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 306                         D5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 307                         D6  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 308                       ESP1  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 309                       ESP3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 310                       ESP4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 311                       ESP5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 312                       DIV2  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 313                       DIV3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 314                       DIV4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 315                       DIV5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 316                       RED1  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 317                       RED2  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 318                       RED3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 319                       RED4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 320                       RED6  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 321                       INT1  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 322                       INT2  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 323                       INT3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 324                       INT4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 325                       INT5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 326                       INT7  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 327                       TEC1  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 328                       TEC3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 329                       TEC4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 330                       TEC5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 331                      INST1  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 332                      INST2  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 333                      INST3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 334                      INST4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 335                      INST5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 336                      INST6  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 337                       POL3  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 338                       POL4  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 339                       POL5  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 340                       POL7  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 341                Performance  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 342     EconomicSpecialization  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 343    EconomicDiversification  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 344         RelationalNetworks  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 345     InternationalRelations  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 346 TechnologicalHeterogeneity  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 347   InstitutionalEnvironment  ~1                             0.000 0.000
## 348             Publicpolicies  ~1                             0.000 0.000
##           z pvalue ci.lower ci.upper std.lv std.all std.nox
## 1        NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.764   0.764   0.764
## 2    12.195  0.000    0.763    1.055  0.694   0.694   0.694
## 3    12.793  0.000    0.807    1.098  0.728   0.728   0.728
## 4    14.498  0.000    0.856    1.124  0.756   0.756   0.756
## 5    11.607  0.000    0.658    0.925  0.605   0.605   0.605
## 6    11.603  0.000    0.667    0.938  0.613   0.613   0.613
## 7        NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.737   0.737   0.737
## 8    10.303  0.000    0.862    1.267  0.785   0.785   0.785
## 9     9.288  0.000    0.768    1.178  0.717   0.717   0.717
## 10   11.751  0.000    1.011    1.416  0.895   0.895   0.895
## 11       NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.588   0.588   0.588
## 12    4.738  0.000    0.452    1.089  0.453   0.453   0.453
## 13    6.524  0.000    0.762    1.417  0.641   0.641   0.641
## 14    6.270  0.000    0.819    1.563  0.701   0.701   0.701
## 15       NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.769   0.769   0.769
## 16    9.033  0.000    0.755    1.173  0.741   0.741   0.741
## 17    8.835  0.000    0.604    0.949  0.597   0.597   0.597
## 18    8.026  0.000    0.567    0.934  0.577   0.577   0.577
## 19   10.060  0.000    0.698    1.035  0.666   0.666   0.666
## 20       NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.709   0.709   0.709
## 21   16.634  0.000    1.104    1.399  0.887   0.887   0.887
## 22   16.296  0.000    1.090    1.388  0.878   0.878   0.878
## 23   17.050  0.000    1.156    1.456  0.926   0.926   0.926
## 24   17.326  0.000    1.161    1.457  0.928   0.928   0.928
## 25   12.402  0.000    0.800    1.100  0.673   0.673   0.673
## 26       NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.820   0.820   0.820
## 27    7.771  0.000    0.520    0.870  0.570   0.570   0.570
## 28    9.657  0.000    0.724    1.093  0.745   0.745   0.745
## 29    7.384  0.000    0.539    0.928  0.601   0.601   0.601
## 30       NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.597   0.597   0.597
## 31    6.542  0.000    0.723    1.342  0.616   0.616   0.616
## 32    7.458  0.000    0.822    1.408  0.665   0.665   0.665
## 33    6.565  0.000    0.694    1.286  0.591   0.591   0.591
## 34    7.346  0.000    0.774    1.338  0.630   0.630   0.630
## 35    6.988  0.000    0.755    1.343  0.626   0.626   0.626
## 36       NA     NA    1.000    1.000  0.703   0.703   0.703
## 37    9.155  0.000    0.741    1.145  0.663   0.663   0.663
## 38   11.606  0.000    0.888    1.249  0.752   0.752   0.752
## 39   10.179  0.000    0.847    1.250  0.738   0.738   0.738
## 40    2.994  0.003    0.135    0.648  0.378   0.378   0.378
## 41   -1.004  0.316   -0.533    0.172 -0.139  -0.139  -0.139
## 42   -1.407  0.159   -0.347    0.057 -0.146  -0.146  -0.146
## 43    5.608  0.000    0.391    0.812  0.558   0.558   0.558
## 44    2.113  0.035    0.015    0.391  0.218   0.218   0.218
## 45   -1.717  0.086   -0.677    0.045 -0.247  -0.247  -0.247
## 46    3.612  0.000    0.235    0.792  0.473   0.473   0.473
## 47  -10.063  0.000   -1.433   -0.966 -1.199  -1.199  -1.199
## 48   -7.202  0.000   -0.917   -0.524 -0.721  -0.721  -0.721
## 49    4.817  0.000    0.270    0.640  0.455   0.455   0.455
## 50   10.501  0.000    1.096    1.598  1.347   1.347   1.347
## 51   -7.746  0.000   -0.990   -0.590 -0.790  -0.790  -0.790
## 52   -2.236  0.025   -0.384   -0.025 -0.205  -0.205  -0.205
## 53    5.385  0.000    0.327    0.701  0.514   0.514   0.514
## 54    8.666  0.000    0.714    1.132  0.923   0.923   0.923
## 55  -10.174  0.000   -2.314   -1.566 -1.940  -1.940  -1.940
## 56   -9.856  0.000   -1.375   -0.919 -1.147  -1.147  -1.147
## 57    0.217  0.829   -0.159    0.198  0.020   0.020   0.020
## 58    9.166  0.000    0.791    1.222  1.007   1.007   1.007
## 59  -10.707  0.000   -1.980   -1.367 -1.673  -1.673  -1.673
## 60   -9.636  0.000   -1.321   -0.875 -1.098  -1.098  -1.098
## 61    2.955  0.003    0.092    0.453  0.272   0.272   0.272
## 62    9.962  0.000    0.942    1.404  1.173   1.173   1.173
## 63  -10.644  0.000   -2.048   -1.411 -1.729  -1.729  -1.729
## 64   -9.856  0.000   -1.375   -0.919 -1.147  -1.147  -1.147
## 65   -0.794  0.427   -0.251    0.106 -0.072  -0.072  -0.072
## 66    9.406  0.000    0.832    1.270  1.051   1.051   1.051
## 67  -10.718  0.000   -1.763   -1.218 -1.490  -1.490  -1.490
## 68   -8.793  0.000   -1.153   -0.733 -0.943  -0.943  -0.943
## 69    2.524  0.012    0.052    0.412  0.232   0.232   0.232
## 70   10.679  0.000    1.185    1.718  1.452   1.452   1.452
## 71   -9.861  0.000   -2.439   -1.630 -2.035  -2.035  -2.035
## 72  -10.063  0.000   -1.433   -0.966 -1.199  -1.199  -1.199
## 73   -7.611  0.000   -0.971   -0.574 -0.773  -0.773  -0.773
## 74   -1.515  0.130   -0.317    0.041 -0.138  -0.138  -0.138
## 75   -9.398  0.000   -2.601   -1.703 -2.152  -2.152  -2.152
## 76  -10.743  0.000   -1.811   -1.252 -1.531  -1.531  -1.531
## 77   -2.524  0.012   -0.412   -0.052 -0.232  -0.232  -0.232
## 78   -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 79  -10.542  0.000   -2.124   -1.458 -1.791  -1.791  -1.791
## 80   -9.043  0.000   -1.199   -0.772 -0.985  -0.985  -0.985
## 81   -0.361  0.718   -0.211    0.145 -0.033  -0.033  -0.033
## 82   -9.398  0.000   -2.601   -1.703 -2.152  -2.152  -2.152
## 83  -10.425  0.000   -1.562   -1.068 -1.315  -1.315  -1.315
## 84   -2.668  0.008   -0.425   -0.065 -0.245  -0.245  -0.245
## 85   -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 86  -10.542  0.000   -2.124   -1.458 -1.791  -1.791  -1.791
## 87  -10.161  0.000   -1.463   -0.990 -1.227  -1.227  -1.227
## 88    2.092  0.036    0.012    0.371  0.191   0.191   0.191
## 89   -8.675  0.000   -2.831   -1.787 -2.309  -2.309  -2.309
## 90  -10.174  0.000   -2.314   -1.566 -1.940  -1.940  -1.940
## 91   -9.962  0.000   -1.404   -0.942 -1.173  -1.173  -1.173
## 92    1.082  0.279   -0.080    0.277  0.099   0.099   0.099
## 93   -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 94  -10.542  0.000   -2.124   -1.458 -1.791  -1.791  -1.791
## 95   -9.856  0.000   -1.375   -0.919 -1.147  -1.147  -1.147
## 96    0.794  0.427   -0.106    0.251  0.072   0.072   0.072
## 97   -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 98  -10.679  0.000   -1.718   -1.185 -1.452  -1.452  -1.452
## 99   -3.960  0.000   -0.552   -0.186 -0.369  -0.369  -0.369
## 100 -10.392  0.000   -2.211   -1.510 -1.860  -1.860  -1.860
## 101  -9.962  0.000   -1.404   -0.942 -1.173  -1.173  -1.173
## 102  -4.389  0.000   -0.595   -0.228 -0.412  -0.412  -0.412
## 103   4.389  0.000    0.228    0.595  0.412   0.412   0.412
## 104  -9.861  0.000   -2.439   -1.630 -2.035  -2.035  -2.035
## 105 -10.743  0.000   -1.811   -1.252 -1.531  -1.531  -1.531
## 106  -6.650  0.000   -0.847   -0.461 -0.654  -0.654  -0.654
## 107   4.674  0.000    0.256    0.625  0.440   0.440   0.440
## 108 -10.392  0.000   -2.211   -1.510 -1.860  -1.860  -1.860
## 109 -10.741  0.000   -1.918   -1.326 -1.622  -1.622  -1.622
## 110  -7.339  0.000   -0.935   -0.541 -0.738  -0.738  -0.738
## 111   3.817  0.000    0.173    0.537  0.355   0.355   0.355
## 112  -8.675  0.000   -2.831   -1.787 -2.309  -2.309  -2.309
## 113  -9.522  0.000   -1.295   -0.853 -1.074  -1.074  -1.074
## 114   2.092  0.036    0.012    0.371  0.191   0.191   0.191
## 115  -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 116 -10.644  0.000   -2.048   -1.411 -1.729  -1.729  -1.729
## 117  -7.202  0.000   -0.917   -0.524 -0.721  -0.721  -0.721
## 118   5.950  0.000    0.385    0.764  0.575   0.575   0.575
## 119  -7.611  0.000   -0.971   -0.574 -0.773  -0.773  -0.773
## 120  -3.673  0.000   -0.523   -0.159 -0.341  -0.341  -0.341
## 121   2.668  0.008    0.065    0.425  0.245   0.245   0.245
## 122   7.746  0.000    0.590    0.990  0.790   0.790   0.790
## 123  -4.674  0.000   -0.625   -0.256 -0.440  -0.440  -0.440
## 124  -0.072  0.942   -0.185    0.172 -0.007  -0.007  -0.007
## 125   3.099  0.002    0.105    0.467  0.286   0.286   0.286
## 126   9.636  0.000    0.875    1.321  1.098   1.098   1.098
## 127  -0.505  0.613   -0.224    0.132 -0.046  -0.046  -0.046
## 128   1.659  0.097   -0.027    0.330  0.152   0.152   0.152
## 129   5.527  0.000    0.341    0.716  0.529   0.529   0.529
## 130   8.919  0.000    0.752    1.176  0.964   0.964   0.964
## 131  -2.668  0.008   -0.425   -0.065 -0.245  -0.245  -0.245
## 132  -0.217  0.829   -0.198    0.159 -0.020  -0.020  -0.020
## 133   4.389  0.000    0.228    0.595  0.412   0.412   0.412
## 134   9.043  0.000    0.772    1.199  0.985   0.985   0.985
## 135  -4.246  0.000   -0.581   -0.214 -0.397  -0.397  -0.397
## 136  -1.082  0.279   -0.277    0.080 -0.099  -0.099  -0.099
## 137   3.099  0.002    0.105    0.467  0.286   0.286   0.286
## 138   8.278  0.000    0.660    1.069  0.864   0.864   0.864
## 139 -10.741  0.000   -1.918   -1.326 -1.622  -1.622  -1.622
## 140  -6.231  0.000   -0.797   -0.415 -0.606  -0.606  -0.606
## 141   0.938  0.348   -0.093    0.264  0.085   0.085   0.085
## 142   6.927  0.000    0.493    0.881  0.687   0.687   0.687
## 143  -9.861  0.000   -2.439   -1.630 -2.035  -2.035  -2.035
## 144 -10.569  0.000   -1.636   -1.124 -1.380  -1.380  -1.380
## 145  -4.817  0.000   -0.640   -0.270 -0.455  -0.455  -0.455
## 146   4.817  0.000    0.270    0.640  0.455   0.455   0.455
## 147  -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 148  -9.861  0.000   -2.439   -1.630 -2.035  -2.035  -2.035
## 149  -6.510  0.000   -0.830   -0.446 -0.638  -0.638  -0.638
## 150   4.959  0.000    0.284    0.655  0.469   0.469   0.469
## 151  -8.675  0.000   -2.831   -1.787 -2.309  -2.309  -2.309
## 152 -10.542  0.000   -2.124   -1.458 -1.791  -1.791  -1.791
## 153  -9.043  0.000   -1.199   -0.772 -0.985  -0.985  -0.985
## 154   4.532  0.000    0.242    0.610  0.426   0.426   0.426
## 155  -9.748  0.000   -1.348   -0.897 -1.122  -1.122  -1.122
## 156   2.668  0.008    0.065    0.425  0.245   0.245   0.245
## 157  -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 158 -10.392  0.000   -2.211   -1.510 -1.860  -1.860  -1.860
## 159  -9.636  0.000   -1.321   -0.875 -1.098  -1.098  -1.098
## 160   3.099  0.002    0.105    0.467  0.286   0.286   0.286
## 161  -9.398  0.000   -2.601   -1.703 -2.152  -2.152  -2.152
## 162  -8.538  0.000   -1.110   -0.696 -0.903  -0.903  -0.903
## 163   5.385  0.000    0.327    0.701  0.514   0.514   0.514
## 164  -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 165 -10.542  0.000   -2.124   -1.458 -1.791  -1.791  -1.791
## 166  -7.611  0.000   -0.971   -0.574 -0.773  -0.773  -0.773
## 167   4.959  0.000    0.284    0.655  0.469   0.469   0.469
## 168 -10.392  0.000   -2.211   -1.510 -1.860  -1.860  -1.860
## 169  -9.287  0.000   -1.246   -0.812 -1.029  -1.029  -1.029
## 170   3.960  0.000    0.186    0.552  0.369   0.369   0.369
## 171  -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 172 -10.741  0.000   -1.918   -1.326 -1.622  -1.622  -1.622
## 173  -9.962  0.000   -1.404   -0.942 -1.173  -1.173  -1.173
## 174   4.103  0.000    0.200    0.566  0.383   0.383   0.383
## 175  -7.366  0.000   -3.241   -1.879 -2.560  -2.560  -2.560
## 176 -10.174  0.000   -2.314   -1.566 -1.940  -1.940  -1.940
## 177  -9.962  0.000   -1.404   -0.942 -1.173  -1.173  -1.173
## 178   1.515  0.130   -0.041    0.317  0.138   0.138   0.138
## 179  -9.856  0.000   -1.375   -0.919 -1.147  -1.147  -1.147
## 180  -7.746  0.000   -0.990   -0.590 -0.790  -0.790  -0.790
## 181  -3.099  0.002   -0.467   -0.105 -0.286  -0.286  -0.286
## 182   8.146  0.000    0.642    1.049  0.845   0.845   0.845
## 183  -9.861  0.000   -2.439   -1.630 -2.035  -2.035  -2.035
## 184 -10.063  0.000   -1.433   -0.966 -1.199  -1.199  -1.199
## 185  -4.959  0.000   -0.655   -0.284 -0.469  -0.469  -0.469
## 186   5.668  0.000    0.356    0.732  0.544   0.544   0.544
## 187 -10.707  0.000   -1.980   -1.367 -1.673  -1.673  -1.673
## 188 -10.342  0.000   -1.528   -1.041 -1.285  -1.285  -1.285
## 189  -3.673  0.000   -0.523   -0.159 -0.341  -0.341  -0.341
## 190   7.611  0.000    0.574    0.971  0.773   0.773   0.773
## 191 -10.707  0.000   -1.980   -1.367 -1.673  -1.673  -1.673
## 192 -10.629  0.000   -1.676   -1.154 -1.415  -1.415  -1.415
## 193  -7.611  0.000   -0.971   -0.574 -0.773  -0.773  -0.773
## 194   4.103  0.000    0.200    0.566  0.383   0.383   0.383
## 195      NA     NA    0.417    0.417  0.417   0.417   0.417
## 196      NA     NA    0.518    0.518  0.518   0.518   0.518
## 197      NA     NA    0.471    0.471  0.471   0.471   0.471
## 198      NA     NA    0.428    0.428  0.428   0.428   0.428
## 199      NA     NA    0.635    0.635  0.635   0.635   0.635
## 200      NA     NA    0.625    0.625  0.625   0.625   0.625
## 201      NA     NA    0.457    0.457  0.457   0.457   0.457
## 202      NA     NA    0.384    0.384  0.384   0.384   0.384
## 203      NA     NA    0.486    0.486  0.486   0.486   0.486
## 204      NA     NA    0.199    0.199  0.199   0.199   0.199
## 205      NA     NA    0.654    0.654  0.654   0.654   0.654
## 206      NA     NA    0.795    0.795  0.795   0.795   0.795
## 207      NA     NA    0.589    0.589  0.589   0.589   0.589
## 208      NA     NA    0.509    0.509  0.509   0.509   0.509
## 209      NA     NA    0.409    0.409  0.409   0.409   0.409
## 210      NA     NA    0.451    0.451  0.451   0.451   0.451
## 211      NA     NA    0.644    0.644  0.644   0.644   0.644
## 212      NA     NA    0.667    0.667  0.667   0.667   0.667
## 213      NA     NA    0.556    0.556  0.556   0.556   0.556
## 214      NA     NA    0.497    0.497  0.497   0.497   0.497
## 215      NA     NA    0.212    0.212  0.212   0.212   0.212
## 216      NA     NA    0.229    0.229  0.229   0.229   0.229
## 217      NA     NA    0.143    0.143  0.143   0.143   0.143
## 218      NA     NA    0.139    0.139  0.139   0.139   0.139
## 219      NA     NA    0.547    0.547  0.547   0.547   0.547
## 220      NA     NA    0.328    0.328  0.328   0.328   0.328
## 221      NA     NA    0.675    0.675  0.675   0.675   0.675
## 222      NA     NA    0.445    0.445  0.445   0.445   0.445
## 223      NA     NA    0.639    0.639  0.639   0.639   0.639
## 224      NA     NA    0.644    0.644  0.644   0.644   0.644
## 225      NA     NA    0.620    0.620  0.620   0.620   0.620
## 226      NA     NA    0.557    0.557  0.557   0.557   0.557
## 227      NA     NA    0.651    0.651  0.651   0.651   0.651
## 228      NA     NA    0.603    0.603  0.603   0.603   0.603
## 229      NA     NA    0.608    0.608  0.608   0.608   0.608
## 230      NA     NA    0.505    0.505  0.505   0.505   0.505
## 231      NA     NA    0.560    0.560  0.560   0.560   0.560
## 232      NA     NA    0.435    0.435  0.435   0.435   0.435
## 233      NA     NA    0.456    0.456  0.456   0.456   0.456
## 234   4.336  0.000    0.089    0.236  0.279   0.279   0.279
## 235   6.736  0.000    0.385    0.702  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 236   4.600  0.000    0.199    0.494  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 237   7.698  0.000    0.440    0.741  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 238   8.557  0.000    0.387    0.618  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 239   8.752  0.000    0.521    0.822  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 240   4.794  0.000    0.211    0.502  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 241   6.887  0.000    0.354    0.636  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 242   5.678  0.000    0.187    0.385  0.659   0.659   0.659
## 243  -0.316  0.752   -0.110    0.079 -0.027  -0.027  -0.027
## 244  -0.862  0.389   -0.122    0.047 -0.071  -0.071  -0.071
## 245   2.357  0.018    0.021    0.227  0.205   0.205   0.205
## 246   0.462  0.644   -0.056    0.091  0.039   0.039   0.039
## 247  -0.366  0.714   -0.113    0.077 -0.034  -0.034  -0.034
## 248   2.792  0.005    0.037    0.212  0.276   0.276   0.276
## 249   0.401  0.689   -0.061    0.093  0.038   0.038   0.038
## 250   2.433  0.015    0.021    0.196  0.225   0.225   0.225
## 251   3.069  0.002    0.037    0.166  0.289   0.289   0.289
## 252   1.440  0.150   -0.020    0.131  0.134   0.134   0.134
## 253   7.125  0.000    0.208    0.365  0.526   0.526   0.526
## 254   4.773  0.000    0.143    0.343  0.386   0.386   0.386
## 255   5.642  0.000    0.156    0.322  0.521   0.521   0.521
## 256   6.506  0.000    0.222    0.413  0.587   0.587   0.587
## 257   7.677  0.000    0.259    0.436  0.598   0.598   0.598
## 258   5.133  0.000    0.108    0.241  0.411   0.411   0.411
## 259   5.463  0.000    0.146    0.310  0.458   0.458   0.458
## 260   5.050  0.000    0.142    0.322  0.474   0.474   0.474
## 261   5.136  0.000    0.157    0.351  0.440   0.440   0.440
## 262   6.349  0.000    0.220    0.417  0.759   0.759   0.759
## 263      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 264      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 265      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 266      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 267      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 268      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 269      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 270      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 271      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 272      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 273      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 274      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 275      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 276      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 277      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 278      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 279      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 280      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 281      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 282      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 283      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 284      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 285      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 286      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 287      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 288      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 289      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 290      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 291      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 292      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 293      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 294      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 295      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 296      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 297      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 298      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 299      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 300      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 301      NA     NA    1.000    1.000  1.000   1.000   1.000
## 302      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 303      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 304      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 305      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 306      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 307      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 308      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 309      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 310      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 311      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 312      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 313      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 314      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 315      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 316      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 317      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 318      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 319      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 320      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 321      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 322      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 323      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 324      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 325      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 326      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 327      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 328      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 329      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 330      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 331      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 332      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 333      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 334      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 335      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 336      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 337      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 338      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 339      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 340      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 341      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 342      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 343      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 344      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 345      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 346      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 347      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
## 348      NA     NA    0.000    0.000  0.000   0.000   0.000
inspect(ModeloFit, "r2") # R²
##          D1          D2          D3          D4          D5          D6 
##       0.583       0.482       0.529       0.572       0.365       0.375 
##        ESP1        ESP3        ESP4        ESP5        DIV2        DIV3 
##       0.543       0.616       0.514       0.801       0.346       0.205 
##        DIV4        DIV5        RED1        RED2        RED3        RED4 
##       0.411       0.491       0.591       0.549       0.356       0.333 
##        RED6        INT1        INT2        INT3        INT4        INT5 
##       0.444       0.503       0.788       0.771       0.857       0.861 
##        INT7        TEC1        TEC3        TEC4        TEC5       INST1 
##       0.453       0.672       0.325       0.555       0.361       0.356 
##       INST2       INST3       INST4       INST5       INST6        POL3 
##       0.380       0.443       0.349       0.397       0.392       0.495 
##        POL4        POL5        POL7 Performance 
##       0.440       0.565       0.544       0.721
inspect(ModeloFit,what="std")$lambda # Loadings
##       Prfrmn EcnmcS EcnmcD RltnlN IntrnR TchnlH InsttE Pblcpl
## D1     0.764  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## D2     0.694  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## D3     0.728  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## D4     0.756  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## D5     0.605  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## D6     0.613  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## ESP1   0.000  0.737  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## ESP3   0.000  0.785  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## ESP4   0.000  0.717  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## ESP5   0.000  0.895  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## DIV2   0.000  0.000  0.588  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## DIV3   0.000  0.000  0.453  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## DIV4   0.000  0.000  0.641  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## DIV5   0.000  0.000  0.701  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## RED1   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.769  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## RED2   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.741  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## RED3   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.597  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## RED4   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.577  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## RED6   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.666  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000
## INT1   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.709  0.000  0.000  0.000
## INT2   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.887  0.000  0.000  0.000
## INT3   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.878  0.000  0.000  0.000
## INT4   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.926  0.000  0.000  0.000
## INT5   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.928  0.000  0.000  0.000
## INT7   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.673  0.000  0.000  0.000
## TEC1   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.820  0.000  0.000
## TEC3   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.570  0.000  0.000
## TEC4   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.745  0.000  0.000
## TEC5   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.601  0.000  0.000
## INST1  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.597  0.000
## INST2  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.616  0.000
## INST3  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.665  0.000
## INST4  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.591  0.000
## INST5  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.630  0.000
## INST6  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.626  0.000
## POL3   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.703
## POL4   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.663
## POL5   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.752
## POL7   0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.738

5.3.2 Get the scores for each observation

dados2 <- lavPredict(ModeloFit) # Get the scores for each observation

5.3.3 Modificatio Indices

modindices(ModeloFit, sort. = T, minimum.value = 10.82) # MI, we dind't made any change in the model
##                            lhs op   rhs     mi    epc sepc.lv sepc.all sepc.nox
## 510     InternationalRelations =~ INST2 46.151  0.438   0.310    0.310    0.310
## 459         RelationalNetworks =~  ESP3 40.881 -0.359  -0.276   -0.276   -0.276
## 493     InternationalRelations =~  ESP3 36.551 -0.310  -0.220   -0.220   -0.220
## 561   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  ESP3 36.013 -0.435  -0.260   -0.260   -0.260
## 526 TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~  ESP3 35.704 -0.320  -0.262   -0.262   -0.262
## 373                Performance =~ INST2 35.080  0.369   0.282    0.282    0.282
## 516     InternationalRelations =~  POL4 34.597  0.440   0.312    0.312    0.312
## 594             Publicpolicies =~  ESP3 34.180 -0.342  -0.241   -0.241   -0.241
## 545 TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~ INST2 30.406  0.410   0.336    0.336    0.336
## 350                Performance =~  ESP3 30.071 -0.290  -0.222   -0.222   -0.222
## 497     InternationalRelations =~  DIV3 28.489  0.245   0.174    0.174    0.174
## 463         RelationalNetworks =~  DIV3 28.481  0.293   0.226    0.226    0.226
## 424    EconomicDiversification =~  ESP3 28.387 -0.965  -0.568   -0.568   -0.568
## 477         RelationalNetworks =~ INST2 27.661  0.518   0.398    0.398    0.398
## 598             Publicpolicies =~  DIV3 26.232  0.272   0.191    0.191    0.191
## 494     InternationalRelations =~  ESP4 25.418  0.242   0.171    0.171    0.171
## 565   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  DIV3 24.715  0.345   0.206    0.206    0.206
## 527 TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~  ESP4 24.658  0.244   0.200    0.200    0.200
## 588             Publicpolicies =~    D2 24.073 -0.381  -0.268   -0.268   -0.268
## 572   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  RED6 23.378  0.583   0.348    0.348    0.348
## 442    EconomicDiversification =~ INST1 22.133  0.446   0.262    0.262    0.262
## 460         RelationalNetworks =~  ESP4 21.847  0.247   0.190    0.190    0.190
## 351                Performance =~  ESP4 21.482  0.228   0.174    0.174    0.174
## 530 TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~  DIV3 20.696  0.223   0.183    0.183    0.183
## 407     EconomicSpecialization =~ INST1 20.503  0.301   0.222    0.222    0.222
## 354                Performance =~  DIV3 20.153  0.205   0.157    0.157    0.157
## 403     EconomicSpecialization =~  TEC1 19.340 -0.352  -0.259   -0.259   -0.259
## 597             Publicpolicies =~  DIV2 18.386 -0.238  -0.168   -0.168   -0.168
## 578   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  INT7 18.286  0.339   0.202    0.202    0.202
## 605             Publicpolicies =~  RED6 17.938  0.469   0.330    0.330    0.330
## 353                Performance =~  DIV2 17.779 -0.207  -0.158   -0.158   -0.158
## 379                Performance =~  POL4 17.683  0.300   0.230    0.230    0.230
## 831                         D6 ~~  POL3 17.025  0.264   0.264    0.470    0.470
## 543 TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~  INT7 16.929  0.349   0.286    0.286    0.286
## 472         RelationalNetworks =~  TEC1 16.767  0.384   0.295    0.295    0.295
## 595             Publicpolicies =~  ESP4 16.751  0.225   0.158    0.158    0.158
## 509     InternationalRelations =~ INST1 16.476 -0.262  -0.186   -0.186   -0.186
## 612             Publicpolicies =~  TEC1 16.072  0.428   0.301    0.301    0.301
## 397     EconomicSpecialization =~  INT1 15.995  0.264   0.195    0.195    0.195
## 555   InstitutionalEnvironment =~    D2 15.967 -0.318  -0.190   -0.190   -0.190
## 562   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  ESP4 15.410  0.268   0.160    0.160    0.160
## 409     EconomicSpecialization =~ INST3 15.267 -0.267  -0.197   -0.197   -0.197
## 548 TechnologicalHeterogeneity =~ INST5 14.479 -0.284  -0.233   -0.233   -0.233
## 564   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  DIV2 13.773 -0.264  -0.157   -0.157   -0.157
## 617             Publicpolicies =~ INST2 13.631  0.689   0.485    0.485    0.485
## 611             Publicpolicies =~  INT7 12.569  0.254   0.179    0.179    0.179
## 613             Publicpolicies =~  TEC3 12.335 -0.325  -0.228   -0.228   -0.228
## 425    EconomicDiversification =~  ESP4 12.264  0.582   0.343    0.343    0.343
## 580   InstitutionalEnvironment =~  TEC3 12.221 -0.368  -0.220   -0.220   -0.220
## 399     EconomicSpecialization =~  INT3 11.973 -0.247  -0.182   -0.182   -0.182
## 453         RelationalNetworks =~    D2 11.901 -0.237  -0.182   -0.182   -0.182
## 412     EconomicSpecialization =~ INST6 11.550  0.222   0.164    0.164    0.164
## 518     InternationalRelations =~  POL7 11.402 -0.273  -0.193   -0.193   -0.193
## 496     InternationalRelations =~  DIV2 11.082 -0.158  -0.112   -0.112   -0.112
## 389     EconomicSpecialization =~  DIV3 10.972 -0.406  -0.300   -0.300   -0.300

5.4 Reliability

round(reliability(ModeloFit),3) # Reliability
##        Performance EconomicSpecialization EconomicDiversification
## alpha        0.844                  0.855                   0.681
## omega        0.829                  0.790                   0.602
## omega2       0.829                  0.790                   0.602
## omega3       0.839                  0.807                   0.606
## avevar       0.485                  0.619                   0.363
##        RelationalNetworks InternationalRelations TechnologicalHeterogeneity
## alpha               0.804                  0.927                      0.785
## omega               0.768                  0.918                      0.742
## omega2              0.768                  0.918                      0.742
## omega3              0.759                  0.931                      0.736
## avevar              0.454                  0.705                      0.478
##        InstitutionalEnvironment Publicpolicies
## alpha                     0.787          0.795
## omega                     0.736          0.761
## omega2                    0.736          0.761
## omega3                    0.737          0.773
## avevar                    0.386          0.511

5.5 Sem Path

semPaths(ModeloFit,
         what = "std",
         style = "lisrel",
         residScale = 8,
         theme = "colorblind",
         nCharNodes = 3,
         reorder = FALSE,
         rotation = 2,
         cardinal = "lat cov",
         curvePivot = TRUE,
         sizeMan = 4,
         sizeLat = 10,
         intercepts = T,
         exoCov = F,
         residuals = F,
         sizeInt = 0.00001,
         mar =c(1, 1, 1, 1),
         edge.label.cex = 1.25) # Color blind friendly

6 Hierarchical Cluster

6.1 Packages and data

library(factoextra)
library(FactoMineR)
library(dendextend)

dados2 <- as.data.frame(scale(dados2))
dados3 <- as.data.frame(dados2$Performance)

6.2 Optimal Number of Clusters

fviz_nbclust(dados3, hcut, method = c("wss")) + geom_vline(xintercept = 3, linetype = 2)+
  labs(subtitle = "Elbow method") 

6.3 Hierarchical

grupo <- hclust(dist(dados3)^2, method = "ward.D")
grupo$height
##   [1] 3.127822e-10 2.227517e-08 5.164966e-08 7.016311e-08 7.971826e-08
##   [6] 1.258375e-07 3.586025e-07 3.695404e-07 6.669422e-07 8.683602e-07
##  [11] 8.703940e-07 1.074269e-06 1.096574e-06 1.449315e-06 1.656943e-06
##  [16] 1.857978e-06 2.559847e-06 3.115978e-06 3.915546e-06 4.105866e-06
##  [21] 5.634775e-06 5.924604e-06 6.378956e-06 6.410650e-06 7.136282e-06
##  [26] 7.290991e-06 7.777024e-06 8.034634e-06 8.183839e-06 9.382538e-06
##  [31] 9.724593e-06 1.019551e-05 1.192950e-05 1.214759e-05 1.260623e-05
##  [36] 1.295864e-05 1.330452e-05 1.563257e-05 1.653986e-05 1.715111e-05
##  [41] 2.350652e-05 2.368983e-05 2.636847e-05 2.683802e-05 2.793327e-05
##  [46] 2.830700e-05 2.831520e-05 3.228098e-05 3.346064e-05 3.747643e-05
##  [51] 4.074928e-05 4.098824e-05 4.270026e-05 4.825938e-05 5.086358e-05
##  [56] 5.333882e-05 5.517821e-05 5.602854e-05 6.777848e-05 8.416598e-05
##  [61] 8.821066e-05 9.572124e-05 1.103014e-04 1.116876e-04 1.331575e-04
##  [66] 1.445833e-04 1.565401e-04 1.610125e-04 1.711716e-04 2.012101e-04
##  [71] 2.121658e-04 2.200005e-04 2.297451e-04 2.352952e-04 2.634297e-04
##  [76] 2.693394e-04 2.702981e-04 2.751778e-04 2.933721e-04 3.361452e-04
##  [81] 3.374903e-04 3.382463e-04 3.424925e-04 3.555438e-04 4.182287e-04
##  [86] 4.350782e-04 4.510974e-04 4.747876e-04 4.849112e-04 5.154310e-04
##  [91] 5.298838e-04 5.299006e-04 5.394746e-04 5.453972e-04 5.763007e-04
##  [96] 6.915917e-04 7.019899e-04 7.034156e-04 7.399326e-04 7.612072e-04
## [101] 7.666660e-04 8.330550e-04 8.989984e-04 9.333645e-04 9.354080e-04
## [106] 9.733413e-04 9.744037e-04 1.001845e-03 1.168046e-03 1.231846e-03
## [111] 1.583351e-03 1.584778e-03 1.605938e-03 1.742711e-03 1.819081e-03
## [116] 2.012213e-03 2.223493e-03 2.300156e-03 2.366864e-03 2.462772e-03
## [121] 2.578641e-03 2.968785e-03 2.999206e-03 3.023064e-03 3.115124e-03
## [126] 3.213885e-03 3.406789e-03 3.873030e-03 3.948942e-03 4.050188e-03
## [131] 4.326049e-03 4.426708e-03 4.509107e-03 4.516007e-03 5.293936e-03
## [136] 5.346775e-03 5.672438e-03 6.809058e-03 7.780628e-03 7.850265e-03
## [141] 8.182162e-03 8.681556e-03 8.943277e-03 9.105645e-03 9.210013e-03
## [146] 9.782583e-03 1.032521e-02 1.046060e-02 1.437375e-02 1.528969e-02
## [151] 2.103274e-02 2.128399e-02 2.412682e-02 2.506311e-02 2.635123e-02
## [156] 3.109745e-02 3.378595e-02 4.126473e-02 4.904238e-02 5.466119e-02
## [161] 5.534453e-02 6.313075e-02 7.077463e-02 7.158704e-02 7.350380e-02
## [166] 1.102016e-01 1.450924e-01 1.553461e-01 1.773950e-01 1.806835e-01
## [171] 1.961422e-01 2.059137e-01 2.206881e-01 2.778861e-01 3.670341e-01
## [176] 3.713209e-01 5.116507e-01 5.534698e-01 6.016814e-01 1.082568e+00
## [181] 1.499895e+00 1.901261e+00 2.052569e+00 3.824857e+00 7.048173e+00
## [186] 1.163409e+01 1.165363e+01 3.317653e+01 1.072082e+02 1.939427e+02
plot(grupo, labels = FALSE)
grps <- cutree(grupo, k=3)
grps
##   [1] 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 2 1
##  [38] 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 1
##  [75] 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1
## [112] 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1
## [149] 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## [186] 2 1 1 1 1 1
rect.hclust(grupo, k = 3, border = 2:5)

6.4 Rename

dados2 <- cbind(dados2, grps)
names(dados2)[names(dados2) == "grps"] <- "Cluster"

6.5 Cluster Descriptive

dados2 %>%
  count(Cluster)
##   Cluster   n
## 1       1 115
## 2       2  35
## 3       3  41
dados2 %>%
  group_by(Cluster) %>%
  summarise(mean = mean(Performance))
## # A tibble: 3 x 2
##   Cluster    mean
##     <int>   <dbl>
## 1       1  0.0427
## 2       2  1.46  
## 3       3 -1.36

6.6 Dendogram

dados2$Cluster <- factor(dados2$Cluster, label = c("Médio", "Alto", "Baixo"), levels = 1:3)

par(mar=c(2,6,2,2))

geno <- as.dendrogram(hclust(dist(dados3)^2, method = "ward.D"), leaflab = "none")
cols_branches <- c(2:4)
d5gr <- color_branches(geno, k=3, groupLabels = F)

fviz_dend(d5gr, k = 3, color_labels_by_k = TRUE,
          show_labels = F, rect = T, ggtheme = theme_bw(),
          main = "", ylab = "Height") # Final Dendogram

7 Anova

7.1 Normality test with Shapiro Wilk

shapiro.test(dados2$Performance) # Normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$Performance
## W = 0.99737, p-value = 0.9873
shapiro.test(dados2$EconomicSpecialization) # Normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$EconomicSpecialization
## W = 0.98575, p-value = 0.05054
shapiro.test(dados2$EconomicDiversification) # Not normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$EconomicDiversification
## W = 0.98323, p-value = 0.02207
shapiro.test(dados2$RelationalNetworks) # Not normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$RelationalNetworks
## W = 0.97895, p-value = 0.005629
shapiro.test(dados2$InternationalRelations) # Not normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$InternationalRelations
## W = 0.9736, p-value = 0.001125
shapiro.test(dados2$TechnologicalHeterogeneity) # Normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$TechnologicalHeterogeneity
## W = 0.98995, p-value = 0.2008
shapiro.test(dados2$InstitutionalEnvironment) # Normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$InstitutionalEnvironment
## W = 0.99243, p-value = 0.426
shapiro.test(dados2$Publicpolicies) # Normal at alpha of 5%
## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  dados2$Publicpolicies
## W = 0.99002, p-value = 0.2056

7.2 Anova for DV (Performance) and Cluster

library(car)
leveneTest(Performance ~ Cluster, data = dados2, center = median) # Levene Test 
## Levene's Test for Homogeneity of Variance (center = median)
##        Df F value Pr(>F)
## group   2  0.2366 0.7896
##       188
ANOVA <- aov(Performance ~ Cluster, data = dados2) # Anova
summary(ANOVA) 
##              Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Cluster       2 150.58   75.29     359 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   188  39.42    0.21                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
pairwise.t.test(dados2$Performance, dados2$Cluster, p.adj = "bonf") # Post-Hoc de Bonferroni
## 
##  Pairwise comparisons using t tests with pooled SD 
## 
## data:  dados2$Performance and dados2$Cluster 
## 
##       Médio  Alto  
## Alto  <2e-16 -     
## Baixo <2e-16 <2e-16
## 
## P value adjustment method: bonferroni
library(lsr)
etaSquared(ANOVA) # Effect Size for Anova
##            eta.sq eta.sq.part
## Cluster 0.7925023   0.7925023

8 Radar Chart

library(foreign)  
dados2 <- read.spss("C:/Users/user/Desktop/Vida acadêmica/Submissões/Artigo dissertação/Quanti/dados2.sav")
attach(dados2)
library(tibble) # Resolve o problema anterior #
dados2 <- as_tibble(dados2)
library(tidyverse)

library(magrittr)
library(plotly)

dados2 %>%
  group_by(Cluster) %>%
  summarise(mean = mean(DiversificaçãoEconômica))
## # A tibble: 3 x 2
##   Cluster    mean
##   <fct>     <dbl>
## 1 Médio   -0.0451
## 2 Alto     0.356 
## 3 Baixo   -0.177
g <- plot_ly(type = 'scatterpolar', fill = 'tonext', mode = "markers") %>% 
  add_trace(
    r = c(-1.15, -0.701, -0.660, -0.275, -1.06, -0.889, -0.177),
    theta = c('International Relations','Institutional Environment','Relational Networks', 'Economic Specialization', 'Technological Heterogeneity', 'Public policies', 'Economic Diversification'),
    name = 'Low Performance'
  ) %>%
  add_trace(
    r = c(0.0775,   0.0510, 0.0344, -0.0577, 0.0451, 0.0566, -0.0451),
    theta = c('International Relations','Institutional Environment','Relational Networks', 'Economic Specialization', 'Technological Heterogeneity', 'Public policies', 'Economic Diversification'),
    name = 'Intermediate Performance'
  ) %>%
  add_trace(
    r = c(1.09,     0.654, 0.660, 0.512, 1.10, 0.856, 0.356),
    theta = c('International Relations','Institutional Environment','Relational Networks', 'Economic Specialization', 'Technological Heterogeneity', 'Public policies', 'Economic Diversification'),
    name = 'High Performance'
  ) %>% layout(polar = list(radialaxis = list(visible = T, range = c(-0,7,1,5))))

g

9 Kruskal-Wallis

kruskal.test(dados2$EspecializaçãoEconômica ~ dados2$Cluster) # Economic Specialization
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$EspecializaçãoEconômica by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 11.554, df = 2, p-value = 0.003098
kruskal.test(dados2$DiversificaçãoEconômica ~ dados2$Cluster) # Economic Diversification
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$DiversificaçãoEconômica by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 5.8251, df = 2, p-value = 0.05434
kruskal.test(dados2$RedesRelacionais ~ dados2$Cluster) # Relational Networks
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$RedesRelacionais by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 33.582, df = 2, p-value = 5.102e-08
kruskal.test(dados2$RelaçõesInternacionais ~ dados2$Cluster) # International Relations
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$RelaçõesInternacionais by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 95.223, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16
kruskal.test(dados2$HeterogeneidadeTecnológica ~ dados2$Cluster) # Technological Heterogeneity
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$HeterogeneidadeTecnológica by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 87.335, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16
kruskal.test(dados2$AmbienteInstitucional ~ dados2$Cluster) # Institutional Environment
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$AmbienteInstitucional by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 39.402, df = 2, p-value = 2.78e-09
kruskal.test(dados2$Políticaspúblicas ~ dados2$Cluster) # Public Policies
## 
##  Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
## 
## data:  dados2$Políticaspúblicas by dados2$Cluster
## Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 56.699, df = 2, p-value = 4.876e-13

9.1 Effect Statistic Eta2[H]

library(rstatix)
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$EspecializaçãoEconômica ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # Economic Specialization
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                                n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                          <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$EspecializaçãoEconômica   191  0.0508 eta2[H] small
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$DiversificaçãoEconômica ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # Economic Diversification
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                                n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                          <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$DiversificaçãoEconômica   191  0.0203 eta2[H] small
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$RedesRelacionais ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # Relational Networks
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                         n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                   <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$RedesRelacionais   191   0.168 eta2[H] large
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$RelaçõesInternacionais ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # International Relations
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                               n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                         <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$RelaçõesInternacionais   191   0.496 eta2[H] large
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$HeterogeneidadeTecnológica ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # Technological Heterogeneity
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                                   n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                             <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$HeterogeneidadeTecnológica   191   0.454 eta2[H] large
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$AmbienteInstitucional ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # Institutional Environment
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                              n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                        <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$AmbienteInstitucional   191   0.199 eta2[H] large
kruskal_effsize(dados2, dados2$Políticaspúblicas ~ dados2$Cluster, ci = F, conf.level = 0.95, ci.type = "perc", nboot = 1000) # Public Policies
## # A tibble: 1 x 5
##   .y.                          n effsize method  magnitude
## * <chr>                    <int>   <dbl> <chr>   <ord>    
## 1 dados2$Políticaspúblicas   191   0.291 eta2[H] large

9.2 Dunn Test

library(FSA)
dunnTest(dados2$EspecializaçãoEconômica ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni") # Economic Specialization
##      Comparison          Z     P.unadj       P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  3.1686840 0.001531308 0.004593924
## 2  Alto - Médio  2.9798044 0.002884325 0.008652975
## 3 Baixo - Médio -0.8465321 0.397255960 1.000000000
dunnTest(dados2$DiversificaçãoEconômica ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni") # Economic Diversification
##      Comparison         Z    P.unadj      P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  2.228015 0.02587950 0.07763851
## 2  Alto - Médio  2.143448 0.03207716 0.09623149
## 3 Baixo - Médio -0.544029 0.58642153 1.00000000
dunnTest(dados2$RedesRelacionais ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni")  # Relational Networks
##      Comparison         Z      P.unadj        P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  5.764794 8.175761e-09 2.452728e-08
## 2  Alto - Médio  3.254865 1.134463e-03 3.403388e-03
## 3 Baixo - Médio -3.839208 1.234317e-04 3.702951e-04
dunnTest(dados2$RelaçõesInternacionais ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni")  # International Relations
##      Comparison         Z      P.unadj        P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  9.653947 4.729925e-22 1.418978e-21
## 2  Alto - Médio  5.119178 3.068702e-07 9.206106e-07
## 3 Baixo - Médio -6.781158 1.192165e-11 3.576495e-11
dunnTest(dados2$HeterogeneidadeTecnológica ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni")  # Technological Heterogeneity
##      Comparison         Z      P.unadj        P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  9.311980 1.254706e-20 3.764119e-20
## 2  Alto - Médio  5.384577 7.261513e-08 2.178454e-07
## 3 Baixo - Médio -6.066831 1.304586e-09 3.913757e-09
dunnTest(dados2$AmbienteInstitucional ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni") # Institutional Environment
##      Comparison         Z      P.unadj        P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  6.204865 5.474397e-10 1.642319e-09
## 2  Alto - Médio  3.263479 1.100534e-03 3.301601e-03
## 3 Baixo - Médio -4.386844 1.150072e-05 3.450216e-05
dunnTest(dados2$Políticaspúblicas ~ dados2$Cluster, method = "bonferroni")  # Public Policies
##      Comparison         Z      P.unadj        P.adj
## 1  Alto - Baixo  7.451951 9.197012e-14 2.759104e-13
## 2  Alto - Médio  3.965157 7.334762e-05 2.200428e-04
## 3 Baixo - Médio -5.219962 1.789603e-07 5.368808e-07