Analizar caso FIFA mediante un modelo de regresión polinomial con las variables Overall y Value del conjunto de datos.
Determinar modelo de regresión plinomial de segundo y tal vez de trecer o cuarto nivel para establecer un análisi en el conjunto de datos del caso FIFA y comparar con el modelo de regresión lineal simple Fundamento teórico. Regresión Polinomial
Los modelos lineales tienen la ventaja de ser fácilmente interpretables, sin embargo, pueden tener limitaciones importantes en capacidad predictiva. Esto se debe a que, la asunción de linealidad, es con frecuencia una aproximación demasiado simple para describir las relaciones reales entre variables. A continuación, se describen métodos que permiten relajar la condición de linealidad intentando mantener al mismo tiempo una interpretabilidad alta.
La forma más sencilla de incorporar flexibilidad a un modelo lineal es introduciendo nuevos predictores obtenidos al elevar a distintas potencias el predictor original.
Partiendo del modelo lineal: y=β0+β1xi+ϵi
Ahora el modelo polinómico: y=β0+β1xi2+β3xi3+…+βdxdin+ϵi
library(readr)
library(dplyr)
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(ggplot2)
library(caret)
## Warning: package 'caret' was built under R version 4.0.3
## Loading required package: lattice
getwd()
## [1] "C:/Users/pc/Documents/RStudio"
datos.fifa <- read.csv(file = "data.csv", encoding = "UTF-8")
La variable ‘x’ independiente es Overall que significa como se valora en su totalidad el jugador
La variable ‘y’ dependiente es Value character que sera el valor en el formato numerico que significa el valor economico del jugador
source(file = "misfunciones.r")
datos <- datos.fifa %>%
mutate(Valor = ifelse (substr(Value, nchar(Value), nchar(Value)) == 'M', fcleanValue(Value) * 1000000, fcleanValue(Value) * 1000)) %>%
filter(Valor > 0)
head(datos, 10); tail(datos, 10)
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 1 0 158023 L. Messi 31
## 2 1 20801 Cristiano Ronaldo 33
## 3 2 190871 Neymar Jr 26
## 4 3 193080 De Gea 27
## 5 4 192985 K. De Bruyne 27
## 6 5 183277 E. Hazard 27
## 7 6 177003 L. Modric 32
## 8 7 176580 L. Suárez 31
## 9 8 155862 Sergio Ramos 32
## 10 9 200389 J. Oblak 25
## Photo Nationality
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/158023.png Argentina
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/20801.png Portugal
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/190871.png Brazil
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/193080.png Spain
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/192985.png Belgium
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/183277.png Belgium
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/177003.png Croatia
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/176580.png Uruguay
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/155862.png Spain
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/200389.png Slovenia
## Flag Overall Potential Club
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/52.png 94 94 FC Barcelona
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/38.png 94 94 Juventus
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/54.png 92 93 Paris Saint-Germain
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 93 Manchester United
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/7.png 91 92 Manchester City
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/7.png 91 91 Chelsea
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/10.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 91 91 FC Barcelona
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/44.png 90 93 Atlético Madrid
## Club.Logo Value Wage Special
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/241.png \200110.5M \200565K 2202
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20077M \200405K 2228
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/73.png \200118.5M \200290K 2143
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/11.png \20072M \200260K 1471
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/10.png \200102M \200355K 2281
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/5.png \20093M \200340K 2142
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20067M \200420K 2280
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/241.png \20080M \200455K 2346
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20051M \200380K 2201
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/240.png \20068M \20094K 1331
## Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot Skill.Moves Work.Rate
## 1 Left 5 4 4 Medium/ Medium
## 2 Right 5 4 5 High/ Low
## 3 Right 5 5 5 High/ Medium
## 4 Right 4 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 5 Right 4 5 4 High/ High
## 6 Right 4 4 4 High/ Medium
## 7 Right 4 4 4 High/ High
## 8 Right 5 4 3 High/ Medium
## 9 Right 4 3 3 High/ Medium
## 10 Right 3 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number Joined Loaned.From
## 1 Messi Yes RF 10 Jul 1, 2004
## 2 C. Ronaldo Yes ST 7 Jul 10, 2018
## 3 Neymar Yes LW 10 Aug 3, 2017
## 4 Lean Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 5 Normal Yes RCM 7 Aug 30, 2015
## 6 Normal Yes LF 10 Jul 1, 2012
## 7 Lean Yes RCM 10 Aug 1, 2012
## 8 Normal Yes RS 9 Jul 11, 2014
## 9 Normal Yes RCB 15 Aug 1, 2005
## 10 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 16, 2014
## Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST RS LW LF CF RF RW
## 1 2021 5'7 159lbs 88+2 88+2 88+2 92+2 93+2 93+2 93+2 92+2
## 2 2022 6'2 183lbs 91+3 91+3 91+3 89+3 90+3 90+3 90+3 89+3
## 3 2022 5'9 150lbs 84+3 84+3 84+3 89+3 89+3 89+3 89+3 89+3
## 4 2020 6'4 168lbs
## 5 2023 5'11 154lbs 82+3 82+3 82+3 87+3 87+3 87+3 87+3 87+3
## 6 2020 5'8 163lbs 83+3 83+3 83+3 89+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 89+3
## 7 2020 5'8 146lbs 77+3 77+3 77+3 85+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 85+3
## 8 2021 6'0 190lbs 87+5 87+5 87+5 86+5 87+5 87+5 87+5 86+5
## 9 2020 6'0 181lbs 73+3 73+3 73+3 70+3 71+3 71+3 71+3 70+3
## 10 2021 6'2 192lbs
## LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB
## 1 93+2 93+2 93+2 91+2 84+2 84+2 84+2 91+2 64+2 61+2 61+2 61+2 64+2 59+2 47+2
## 2 88+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 88+3 65+3 61+3 61+3 61+3 65+3 61+3 53+3
## 3 89+3 89+3 89+3 88+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 88+3 65+3 60+3 60+3 60+3 65+3 60+3 47+3
## 4
## 5 88+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 87+3 87+3 87+3 88+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 73+3 66+3
## 6 89+3 89+3 89+3 89+3 82+3 82+3 82+3 89+3 66+3 63+3 63+3 63+3 66+3 60+3 49+3
## 7 87+3 87+3 87+3 86+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 86+3 82+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 82+3 79+3 71+3
## 8 85+5 85+5 85+5 84+5 79+5 79+5 79+5 84+5 69+5 68+5 68+5 68+5 69+5 66+5 63+5
## 9 71+3 71+3 71+3 72+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 72+3 81+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 81+3 84+3 87+3
## 10
## CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys
## 1 47+2 47+2 59+2 84 95 70 90 86
## 2 53+3 53+3 61+3 84 94 89 81 87
## 3 47+3 47+3 60+3 79 87 62 84 84
## 4 17 13 21 50 13
## 5 66+3 66+3 73+3 93 82 55 92 82
## 6 49+3 49+3 60+3 81 84 61 89 80
## 7 71+3 71+3 79+3 86 72 55 93 76
## 8 63+5 63+5 66+5 77 93 77 82 88
## 9 87+3 87+3 84+3 66 60 91 78 66
## 10 13 11 15 29 13
## Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed
## 1 97 93 94 87 96 91 86
## 2 88 81 76 77 94 89 91
## 3 96 88 87 78 95 94 90
## 4 18 21 19 51 42 57 58
## 5 86 85 83 91 91 78 76
## 6 95 83 79 83 94 94 88
## 7 90 85 78 88 93 80 72
## 8 87 86 84 64 90 86 75
## 9 63 74 72 77 84 76 75
## 10 12 13 14 26 16 43 60
## Agility Reactions Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots
## 1 91 95 95 85 68 72 59 94
## 2 87 96 70 95 95 88 79 93
## 3 96 94 84 80 61 81 49 82
## 4 60 90 43 31 67 43 64 12
## 5 79 91 77 91 63 90 75 91
## 6 95 90 94 82 56 83 66 80
## 7 93 90 94 79 68 89 58 82
## 8 82 92 83 86 69 90 83 85
## 9 78 85 66 79 93 84 83 59
## 10 67 86 49 22 76 41 78 12
## Aggression Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 1 48 22 94 94 75 96 33
## 2 63 29 95 82 85 95 28
## 3 56 36 89 87 81 94 27
## 4 38 30 12 68 40 68 15
## 5 76 61 87 94 79 88 68
## 6 54 41 87 89 86 91 34
## 7 62 83 79 92 82 84 60
## 8 87 41 92 84 85 85 62
## 9 88 90 60 63 75 82 87
## 10 34 19 11 70 11 70 27
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 1 28 26 6 11 15 14
## 2 31 23 7 11 15 14
## 3 24 33 9 9 15 15
## 4 21 13 90 85 87 88
## 5 58 51 15 13 5 10
## 6 27 22 11 12 6 8
## 7 76 73 13 9 7 14
## 8 45 38 27 25 31 33
## 9 92 91 11 8 9 7
## 10 12 18 86 92 78 88
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor
## 1 8 \200226.5M 110500000
## 2 11 \200127.1M 77000000
## 3 11 \200228.1M 118500000
## 4 94 \200138.6M 72000000
## 5 13 \200196.4M 102000000
## 6 8 \200172.1M 93000000
## 7 9 \200137.4M 67000000
## 8 37 \200164M 80000000
## 9 11 \200104.6M 51000000
## 10 89 \200144.5M 68000000
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 17946 18197 246167 D. Holland 18
## 17947 18198 242844 J. Livesey 18
## 17948 18199 244677 M. Baldisimo 18
## 17949 18200 231381 J. Young 18
## 17950 18201 243413 D. Walsh 18
## 17951 18202 238813 J. Lundstram 19
## 17952 18203 243165 N. Christoffersson 19
## 17953 18204 241638 B. Worman 16
## 17954 18205 246268 D. Walker-Rice 17
## 17955 18206 246269 G. Nugent 16
## Photo Nationality
## 17946 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/246167.png Republic of Ireland
## 17947 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/242844.png England
## 17948 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/244677.png Canada
## 17949 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/231381.png Scotland
## 17950 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/243413.png Republic of Ireland
## 17951 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/238813.png England
## 17952 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/243165.png Sweden
## 17953 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/241638.png England
## 17954 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/246268.png England
## 17955 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/246269.png England
## Flag Overall Potential
## 17946 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/25.png 47 61
## 17947 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/14.png 47 70
## 17948 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/70.png 47 69
## 17949 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/42.png 47 62
## 17950 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/25.png 47 68
## 17951 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/14.png 47 65
## 17952 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/46.png 47 63
## 17953 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/14.png 47 67
## 17954 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/14.png 47 66
## 17955 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/14.png 46 66
## Club Club.Logo
## 17946 Cork City https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/422.png
## 17947 Burton Albion https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/15015.png
## 17948 Vancouver Whitecaps FC https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/101112.png
## 17949 Swindon Town https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/1934.png
## 17950 Waterford FC https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/753.png
## 17951 Crewe Alexandra https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/121.png
## 17952 Trelleborgs FF https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/703.png
## 17953 Cambridge United https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/1944.png
## 17954 Tranmere Rovers https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/15048.png
## 17955 Tranmere Rovers https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/15048.png
## Value Wage Special Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot
## 17946 \20060K \2001K 1362 Right 1 3
## 17947 \20060K \2001K 792 Right 1 2
## 17948 \20070K \2001K 1303 Right 1 3
## 17949 \20060K \2001K 1203 Left 1 2
## 17950 \20060K \2001K 1098 Left 1 3
## 17951 \20060K \2001K 1307 Right 1 2
## 17952 \20060K \2001K 1098 Right 1 2
## 17953 \20060K \2001K 1189 Right 1 3
## 17954 \20060K \2001K 1228 Right 1 3
## 17955 \20060K \2001K 1321 Right 1 3
## Skill.Moves Work.Rate Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number
## 17946 2 Medium/ Medium Normal No CM 14
## 17947 1 Medium/ Medium Lean No GK 22
## 17948 2 Medium/ High Lean No CM 65
## 17949 2 Medium/ Medium Lean No ST 21
## 17950 2 Medium/ Medium Lean No RB 29
## 17951 2 Medium/ Medium Lean No CM 22
## 17952 2 Medium/ Medium Normal No ST 21
## 17953 2 Medium/ Medium Normal No ST 33
## 17954 2 Medium/ Medium Lean No RW 34
## 17955 2 Medium/ Medium Lean No CM 33
## Joined Loaned.From Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST
## 17946 Oct 5, 2018 2018 5'10 141lbs 45+2 45+2
## 17947 Nov 10, 2018 2021 5'11 154lbs
## 17948 Jul 17, 2018 2021 5'6 150lbs 42+2 42+2
## 17949 Oct 17, 2015 2019 5'9 157lbs 45+2 45+2
## 17950 Apr 20, 2018 2018 6'1 168lbs 32+2 32+2
## 17951 May 3, 2017 2019 5'9 134lbs 42+2 42+2
## 17952 Mar 19, 2018 2020 6'3 170lbs 45+2 45+2
## 17953 Jul 1, 2017 2021 5'8 148lbs 45+2 45+2
## 17954 Apr 24, 2018 2019 5'10 154lbs 47+2 47+2
## 17955 Oct 30, 2018 2019 5'10 176lbs 43+2 43+2
## RS LW LF CF RF RW LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM
## 17946 45+2 49+2 48+2 48+2 48+2 49+2 49+2 49+2 49+2 49+2 47+2 47+2 47+2 49+2
## 17947
## 17948 42+2 43+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 43+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 45+2
## 17949 45+2 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 41+2 37+2 37+2 37+2 41+2
## 17950 32+2 29+2 30+2 30+2 30+2 29+2 28+2 28+2 28+2 30+2 30+2 30+2 30+2 30+2
## 17951 42+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 44+2
## 17952 45+2 39+2 42+2 42+2 42+2 39+2 40+2 40+2 40+2 38+2 35+2 35+2 35+2 38+2
## 17953 45+2 45+2 46+2 46+2 46+2 45+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 38+2 38+2 38+2 44+2
## 17954 47+2 47+2 46+2 46+2 46+2 47+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 46+2 39+2 39+2 39+2 46+2
## 17955 43+2 45+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 46+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 46+2
## LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing
## 17946 45+2 44+2 44+2 44+2 45+2 44+2 40+2 40+2 40+2 44+2 44 44
## 17947 14 8
## 17948 47+2 48+2 48+2 48+2 47+2 47+2 48+2 48+2 48+2 47+2 31 31
## 17949 31+2 28+2 28+2 28+2 31+2 30+2 27+2 27+2 27+2 30+2 28 47
## 17950 39+2 38+2 38+2 38+2 39+2 42+2 46+2 46+2 46+2 42+2 22 23
## 17951 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 44+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 45+2 34 38
## 17952 30+2 31+2 31+2 31+2 30+2 29+2 32+2 32+2 32+2 29+2 23 52
## 17953 34+2 30+2 30+2 30+2 34+2 33+2 28+2 28+2 28+2 33+2 25 40
## 17954 36+2 32+2 32+2 32+2 36+2 35+2 31+2 31+2 31+2 35+2 44 50
## 17955 46+2 46+2 46+2 46+2 46+2 46+2 47+2 47+2 47+2 46+2 41 34
## HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy
## 17946 36 53 43 50 48 46
## 17947 14 19 8 10 13 10
## 17948 41 51 26 46 35 31
## 17949 47 42 37 39 32 25
## 17950 45 25 27 21 21 27
## 17951 40 49 25 42 30 34
## 17952 52 43 36 39 32 20
## 17953 46 38 38 45 38 27
## 17954 39 42 40 51 34 32
## 17955 46 48 30 43 40 34
## LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed Agility Reactions
## 17946 52 51 68 62 58 41
## 17947 21 11 18 24 22 36
## 17948 55 47 60 63 53 46
## 17949 30 41 65 48 64 54
## 17950 27 32 52 52 39 43
## 17951 45 43 54 57 60 49
## 17952 25 40 41 39 38 40
## 17953 28 44 70 69 50 47
## 17954 32 52 61 60 52 21
## 17955 44 51 57 55 55 51
## Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots Aggression
## 17946 62 50 55 50 38 37 37
## 17947 47 26 56 20 38 5 25
## 17948 55 49 57 42 43 30 53
## 17949 80 44 77 31 31 51 26
## 17950 48 39 74 39 52 16 44
## 17951 76 43 55 40 47 38 46
## 17952 52 41 47 43 67 42 47
## 17953 58 45 60 55 32 45 32
## 17954 71 64 42 40 48 34 33
## 17955 63 43 62 47 60 32 56
## Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 17946 28 39 48 49 52 41
## 17947 6 5 37 14 34 15
## 17948 49 35 40 36 40 48
## 17949 16 46 37 58 50 15
## 17950 45 20 31 38 43 44
## 17951 46 39 52 43 45 40
## 17952 16 46 33 43 42 22
## 17953 15 48 43 55 41 32
## 17954 22 44 47 50 46 20
## 17955 42 34 49 33 43 40
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 17946 47 38 13 6 9 10
## 17947 11 13 46 52 58 42
## 17948 49 49 7 7 9 14
## 17949 17 14 11 15 12 12
## 17950 47 53 9 10 9 11
## 17951 48 47 10 13 7 8
## 17952 15 19 10 9 9 5
## 17953 13 11 6 5 10 6
## 17954 25 27 14 6 14 8
## 17955 43 50 10 15 9 12
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor
## 17946 15 \20088K 60000
## 17947 48 \200165K 60000
## 17948 15 \200175K 70000
## 17949 11 \200143K 60000
## 17950 13 \200153K 60000
## 17951 9 \200143K 60000
## 17952 12 \200113K 60000
## 17953 13 \200165K 60000
## 17954 9 \200143K 60000
## 17955 9 \200165K 60000
ggplot(datos, aes(x = Overall, y = Valor)) +
geom_point()
*La grafica tiene una relacion en curva no lineal.
set.seed(2020)
entrena <- createDataPartition(y = datos$Valor, p = 0.7, list = FALSE, times = 1)
datos.entrenamiento <- datos[entrena, ]
datos.validacion <- datos[-entrena, ]
head(datos.entrenamiento, 10)
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 1 0 158023 L. Messi 31
## 2 1 20801 Cristiano Ronaldo 33
## 3 2 190871 Neymar Jr 26
## 5 4 192985 K. De Bruyne 27
## 6 5 183277 E. Hazard 27
## 7 6 177003 L. Modric 32
## 8 7 176580 L. Suárez 31
## 11 10 188545 R. Lewandowski 29
## 12 11 182521 T. Kroos 28
## 13 12 182493 D. Godín 32
## Photo Nationality
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/158023.png Argentina
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/20801.png Portugal
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/190871.png Brazil
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/192985.png Belgium
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/183277.png Belgium
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/177003.png Croatia
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/176580.png Uruguay
## 11 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/188545.png Poland
## 12 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/182521.png Germany
## 13 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/182493.png Uruguay
## Flag Overall Potential Club
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/52.png 94 94 FC Barcelona
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/38.png 94 94 Juventus
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/54.png 92 93 Paris Saint-Germain
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/7.png 91 92 Manchester City
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/7.png 91 91 Chelsea
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/10.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 91 91 FC Barcelona
## 11 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/37.png 90 90 FC Bayern München
## 12 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/21.png 90 90 Real Madrid
## 13 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 90 90 Atlético Madrid
## Club.Logo Value Wage Special
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/241.png \200110.5M \200565K 2202
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20077M \200405K 2228
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/73.png \200118.5M \200290K 2143
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/10.png \200102M \200355K 2281
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/5.png \20093M \200340K 2142
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20067M \200420K 2280
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/241.png \20080M \200455K 2346
## 11 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20077M \200205K 2152
## 12 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20076.5M \200355K 2190
## 13 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/240.png \20044M \200125K 1946
## Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot Skill.Moves Work.Rate
## 1 Left 5 4 4 Medium/ Medium
## 2 Right 5 4 5 High/ Low
## 3 Right 5 5 5 High/ Medium
## 5 Right 4 5 4 High/ High
## 6 Right 4 4 4 High/ Medium
## 7 Right 4 4 4 High/ High
## 8 Right 5 4 3 High/ Medium
## 11 Right 4 4 4 High/ Medium
## 12 Right 4 5 3 Medium/ Medium
## 13 Right 3 3 2 Medium/ High
## Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number Joined Loaned.From
## 1 Messi Yes RF 10 Jul 1, 2004
## 2 C. Ronaldo Yes ST 7 Jul 10, 2018
## 3 Neymar Yes LW 10 Aug 3, 2017
## 5 Normal Yes RCM 7 Aug 30, 2015
## 6 Normal Yes LF 10 Jul 1, 2012
## 7 Lean Yes RCM 10 Aug 1, 2012
## 8 Normal Yes RS 9 Jul 11, 2014
## 11 Normal Yes ST 9 Jul 1, 2014
## 12 Normal Yes LCM 8 Jul 17, 2014
## 13 Lean Yes CB 10 Aug 4, 2010
## Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST RS LW LF CF RF RW
## 1 2021 5'7 159lbs 88+2 88+2 88+2 92+2 93+2 93+2 93+2 92+2
## 2 2022 6'2 183lbs 91+3 91+3 91+3 89+3 90+3 90+3 90+3 89+3
## 3 2022 5'9 150lbs 84+3 84+3 84+3 89+3 89+3 89+3 89+3 89+3
## 5 2023 5'11 154lbs 82+3 82+3 82+3 87+3 87+3 87+3 87+3 87+3
## 6 2020 5'8 163lbs 83+3 83+3 83+3 89+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 89+3
## 7 2020 5'8 146lbs 77+3 77+3 77+3 85+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 85+3
## 8 2021 6'0 190lbs 87+5 87+5 87+5 86+5 87+5 87+5 87+5 86+5
## 11 2021 6'0 176lbs 87+3 87+3 87+3 83+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 83+3
## 12 2022 6'0 168lbs 78+3 78+3 78+3 81+3 82+3 82+3 82+3 81+3
## 13 2019 6'2 172lbs 64+3 64+3 64+3 61+3 62+3 62+3 62+3 61+3
## LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB
## 1 93+2 93+2 93+2 91+2 84+2 84+2 84+2 91+2 64+2 61+2 61+2 61+2 64+2 59+2 47+2
## 2 88+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 88+3 65+3 61+3 61+3 61+3 65+3 61+3 53+3
## 3 89+3 89+3 89+3 88+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 88+3 65+3 60+3 60+3 60+3 65+3 60+3 47+3
## 5 88+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 87+3 87+3 87+3 88+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 73+3 66+3
## 6 89+3 89+3 89+3 89+3 82+3 82+3 82+3 89+3 66+3 63+3 63+3 63+3 66+3 60+3 49+3
## 7 87+3 87+3 87+3 86+3 88+3 88+3 88+3 86+3 82+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 82+3 79+3 71+3
## 8 85+5 85+5 85+5 84+5 79+5 79+5 79+5 84+5 69+5 68+5 68+5 68+5 69+5 66+5 63+5
## 11 83+3 83+3 83+3 81+3 77+3 77+3 77+3 81+3 61+3 62+3 62+3 62+3 61+3 58+3 57+3
## 12 84+3 84+3 84+3 82+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 82+3 79+3 82+3 82+3 82+3 79+3 77+3 72+3
## 13 62+3 62+3 62+3 63+3 68+3 68+3 68+3 63+3 76+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 76+3 79+3 87+3
## CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys
## 1 47+2 47+2 59+2 84 95 70 90 86
## 2 53+3 53+3 61+3 84 94 89 81 87
## 3 47+3 47+3 60+3 79 87 62 84 84
## 5 66+3 66+3 73+3 93 82 55 92 82
## 6 49+3 49+3 60+3 81 84 61 89 80
## 7 71+3 71+3 79+3 86 72 55 93 76
## 8 63+5 63+5 66+5 77 93 77 82 88
## 11 57+3 57+3 58+3 62 91 85 83 89
## 12 72+3 72+3 77+3 88 76 54 92 82
## 13 87+3 87+3 79+3 55 42 92 79 47
## Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed
## 1 97 93 94 87 96 91 86
## 2 88 81 76 77 94 89 91
## 3 96 88 87 78 95 94 90
## 5 86 85 83 91 91 78 76
## 6 95 83 79 83 94 94 88
## 7 90 85 78 88 93 80 72
## 8 87 86 84 64 90 86 75
## 11 85 77 86 65 89 77 78
## 12 81 86 84 93 90 64 62
## 13 53 49 51 70 76 68 68
## Agility Reactions Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots
## 1 91 95 95 85 68 72 59 94
## 2 87 96 70 95 95 88 79 93
## 3 96 94 84 80 61 81 49 82
## 5 79 91 77 91 63 90 75 91
## 6 95 90 94 82 56 83 66 80
## 7 93 90 94 79 68 89 58 82
## 8 82 92 83 86 69 90 83 85
## 11 78 90 78 88 84 78 84 84
## 12 70 89 71 87 30 75 73 92
## 13 58 85 54 67 91 66 88 43
## Aggression Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 1 48 22 94 94 75 96 33
## 2 63 29 95 82 85 95 28
## 3 56 36 89 87 81 94 27
## 5 76 61 87 94 79 88 68
## 6 54 41 87 89 86 91 34
## 7 62 83 79 92 82 84 60
## 8 87 41 92 84 85 85 62
## 11 80 39 91 77 88 86 34
## 12 60 82 79 86 73 85 72
## 13 89 88 48 52 50 82 90
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 1 28 26 6 11 15 14
## 2 31 23 7 11 15 14
## 3 24 33 9 9 15 15
## 5 58 51 15 13 5 10
## 6 27 22 11 12 6 8
## 7 76 73 13 9 7 14
## 8 45 38 27 25 31 33
## 11 42 19 15 6 12 8
## 12 79 69 10 11 13 7
## 13 89 89 6 8 15 5
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor
## 1 8 \200226.5M 110500000
## 2 11 \200127.1M 77000000
## 3 11 \200228.1M 118500000
## 5 13 \200196.4M 102000000
## 6 8 \200172.1M 93000000
## 7 9 \200137.4M 67000000
## 8 37 \200164M 80000000
## 11 10 \200127.1M 77000000
## 12 10 \200156.8M 76500000
## 13 15 \20090.2M 44000000
head(datos.validacion, 10)
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 4 3 193080 De Gea 27
## 9 8 155862 Sergio Ramos 32
## 10 9 200389 J. Oblak 25
## 16 15 211110 P. Dybala 24
## 22 21 179813 E. Cavani 31
## 23 22 167495 M. Neuer 32
## 25 24 138956 G. Chiellini 33
## 29 28 198710 J. Rodríguez 26
## 30 29 198219 L. Insigne 27
## 31 30 197781 Isco 26
## Photo Nationality
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/193080.png Spain
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/155862.png Spain
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/200389.png Slovenia
## 16 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/211110.png Argentina
## 22 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/179813.png Uruguay
## 23 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/167495.png Germany
## 25 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/138956.png Italy
## 29 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198710.png Colombia
## 30 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198219.png Italy
## 31 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/197781.png Spain
## Flag Overall Potential Club
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 93 Manchester United
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/44.png 90 93 Atlético Madrid
## 16 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/52.png 89 94 Juventus
## 22 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 89 89 Paris Saint-Germain
## 23 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/21.png 89 89 FC Bayern München
## 25 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 89 89 Juventus
## 29 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/56.png 88 89 FC Bayern München
## 30 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 88 88 Napoli
## 31 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 88 91 Real Madrid
## Club.Logo Value Wage Special
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/11.png \20072M \200260K 1471
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20051M \200380K 2201
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/240.png \20068M \20094K 1331
## 16 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20089M \200205K 2092
## 22 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/73.png \20060M \200200K 2161
## 23 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20038M \200130K 1473
## 25 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20027M \200215K 1841
## 29 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20069.5M \200315K 2171
## 30 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/48.png \20062M \200165K 2017
## 31 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20073.5M \200315K 2137
## Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot Skill.Moves Work.Rate
## 4 Right 4 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 9 Right 4 3 3 High/ Medium
## 10 Right 3 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 16 Left 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 22 Right 4 4 3 High/ High
## 23 Right 5 4 1 Medium/ Medium
## 25 Left 4 3 2 Medium/ High
## 29 Left 4 3 4 Medium/ Medium
## 30 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 31 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number Joined Loaned.From
## 4 Lean Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 9 Normal Yes RCB 15 Aug 1, 2005
## 10 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 16, 2014
## 16 Normal Yes LF 21 Jul 1, 2015
## 22 Lean Yes LS 21 Jul 16, 2013
## 23 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 25 Normal Yes LCB 3 Jul 1, 2005
## 29 Normal Yes LAM 10 Real Madrid
## 30 Normal Yes LW 10 Jul 1, 2010
## 31 Normal Yes LW 22 Jul 3, 2013
## Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST RS LW LF CF RF RW
## 4 2020 6'4 168lbs
## 9 2020 6'0 181lbs 73+3 73+3 73+3 70+3 71+3 71+3 71+3 70+3
## 10 2021 6'2 192lbs
## 16 2022 5'10 165lbs 83+3 83+3 83+3 87+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 87+3
## 22 2020 6'1 170lbs 85+3 85+3 85+3 81+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 81+3
## 23 2021 6'4 203lbs
## 25 2020 6'2 187lbs 58+3 58+3 58+3 54+3 55+3 55+3 55+3 54+3
## 29 Jun 30, 2019 5'11 172lbs 80+3 80+3 80+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## 30 2022 5'4 130lbs 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 85+3 85+3 85+3 86+3
## 31 2022 5'9 174lbs 76+3 76+3 76+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB
## 4
## 9 71+3 71+3 71+3 72+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 72+3 81+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 81+3 84+3 87+3
## 10
## 16 87+3 87+3 87+3 86+3 79+3 79+3 79+3 86+3 62+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 62+3 56+3 45+3
## 22 80+3 80+3 80+3 79+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 79+3 67+3 65+3 65+3 65+3 67+3 65+3 63+3
## 23
## 25 54+3 54+3 54+3 56+3 60+3 60+3 60+3 56+3 74+3 76+3 76+3 76+3 74+3 77+3 86+3
## 29 85+3 85+3 85+3 83+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 83+3 69+3 68+3 68+3 68+3 69+3 65+3 58+3
## 30 86+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 63+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 63+3 58+3 44+3
## 31 86+3 86+3 86+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 72+3 73+3 73+3 73+3 72+3 68+3 63+3
## CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys
## 4 17 13 21 50 13
## 9 87+3 87+3 84+3 66 60 91 78 66
## 10 13 11 15 29 13
## 16 45+3 45+3 56+3 82 84 68 87 88
## 22 63+3 63+3 65+3 70 89 89 78 90
## 23 15 13 25 55 11
## 25 86+3 86+3 77+3 58 33 83 59 45
## 29 58+3 58+3 65+3 90 83 62 89 90
## 30 44+3 44+3 58+3 86 77 56 85 74
## 31 63+3 63+3 68+3 75 79 55 89 65
## Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed
## 4 18 21 19 51 42 57 58
## 9 63 74 72 77 84 76 75
## 10 12 13 14 26 16 43 60
## 16 92 88 88 75 92 87 83
## 22 80 77 76 52 82 75 76
## 23 30 14 11 59 48 54 60
## 25 58 60 31 59 57 63 75
## 29 85 89 86 83 90 73 67
## 30 90 87 77 78 93 94 86
## 31 94 88 76 83 95 75 69
## Agility Reactions Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots
## 4 60 90 43 31 67 43 64 12
## 9 78 85 66 79 93 84 83 59
## 10 67 86 49 22 76 41 78 12
## 16 91 86 85 82 75 80 65 88
## 22 77 91 59 87 88 92 78 79
## 23 51 84 35 25 77 43 80 16
## 25 54 82 55 78 89 65 89 49
## 29 83 85 76 86 54 70 68 92
## 30 94 83 93 75 53 75 44 84
## 31 87 77 90 69 64 70 59 87
## Aggression Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 4 38 30 12 68 40 68 15
## 9 88 90 60 63 75 82 87
## 10 34 19 11 70 11 70 27
## 16 48 32 84 87 86 84 23
## 22 84 48 93 77 85 82 52
## 23 29 30 12 70 47 70 17
## 25 92 88 28 50 50 84 93
## 29 64 55 80 89 81 87 52
## 30 34 26 83 87 61 83 51
## 31 58 64 78 89 76 86 60
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 4 21 13 90 85 87 88
## 9 92 91 11 8 9 7
## 10 12 18 86 92 78 88
## 16 20 20 5 4 4 5
## 22 45 39 12 5 13 13
## 23 10 11 90 86 91 87
## 25 93 90 3 3 2 4
## 29 41 44 15 15 15 5
## 30 24 22 8 4 14 9
## 31 64 51 10 8 12 15
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor
## 4 94 \200138.6M 72000000
## 9 11 \200104.6M 51000000
## 10 89 \200144.5M 68000000
## 16 8 \200153.5M 89000000
## 22 10 \200111M 60000000
## 23 87 \20062.7M 38000000
## 25 3 \20044.6M 27000000
## 29 14 69500000
## 30 10 \200105.4M 62000000
## 31 6 \200156.2M 73500000
modelo2 <- lm(formula = Valor ~ poly(Overall, 2), data = datos.entrenamiento)
summary(modelo2)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Valor ~ poly(Overall, 2), data = datos.entrenamiento)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -30095610 -930187 382964 1222718 73081882
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2442774 25076 97.41 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## poly(Overall, 2)1 398229563 2811332 141.65 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## poly(Overall, 2)2 384331743 2811332 136.71 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 2811000 on 12566 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.7551, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7551
## F-statistic: 1.938e+04 on 2 and 12566 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022
Se observa que el modelo polinómico a la potencia 2 los p-values individuales de cada predictor son todos muy bajos , por debajo del 0.001 identificado con tres ’***’ y se interpreta que hay estadísticamente significación en los predictores
Además, que al menos uno de los predictores introducidos en el modelo está relacionado con la variable respuesta Valor.
Por otra parte, el R-square igual a 0.7535 y el Adjusted R-Square igual a 0.7535 representan que la variable overall representa aproximadamente el 75% de Value en un jugador por lo que el modelo es aceptable.
La predicción será dada por y=β0+β1xi2ϵi
Para este caso significa que Overall explica el valor económico del jugador.
modelo4 <- lm(formula = Valor ~ poly(Overall, 4), data = datos.entrenamiento)
summary(modelo4)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Valor ~ poly(Overall, 4), data = datos.entrenamiento)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -48804991 -198589 3451 151184 31310143
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 2442774 16071 152.00 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## poly(Overall, 4)1 398229563 1801739 221.03 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## poly(Overall, 4)2 384331743 1801739 213.31 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## poly(Overall, 4)3 230674298 1801739 128.03 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## poly(Overall, 4)4 72936931 1801739 40.48 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 1802000 on 12564 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8994, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8994
## F-statistic: 2.81e+04 on 4 and 12564 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022
Se observa que el modelo polinómico a la potencia 4 los p-values individuales de cada predictor son todos muy bajos , por debajo del 0.001 identificado con tres ’***’ y se interpreta que hay estadísticamente significación en los predictores
Además, que al menos uno de los predictores introducidos en el modelo está relacionado con la variable respuesta Valor.
Por otra parte, el R-sqared igual a 0.8994 y el Adjusted R-Square igual a 0.8994 representan que la variable overal representa aproximadamente el 90% del valor económico de un jugador por lo que el modelo es bueno.
La predicción será dada por y=β0+β1xi2β1xi3+β1xi4ϵi
Para este caso significa que Overall explica el Valor económico del jugador.
ggplot() +
geom_point(data = datos, aes(x = Overall, y = Valor)) + geom_line(aes( x = datos$Overall, y = predict(modelo2, datos)), color = "red")
ggplot() +
geom_point(data = datos, aes(x = Overall, y = Valor)) + geom_line(aes( x = datos$Overall, y = predict(modelo4, datos)), color = "darkred")
Algunas predicciones con el conjunto de datos de validación usando la fórmula del modelo:
y=β0+β1xi2+β3xi3+...+βdxdin+ϵi
modelo <- lm(formula = Valor ~ Overall, data = datos.entrenamiento)
summary(modelo)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Valor ~ Overall, data = datos.entrenamiento)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -9583770 -2104319 -889593 1030270 102871367
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -31403214 378886 -82.88 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## Overall 511216 5692 89.82 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 4434000 on 12567 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.391, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3909
## F-statistic: 8068 on 1 and 12567 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022
paste("Valor de a = ", modelo$coefficients[1])
## [1] "Valor de a = -31403213.910327"
paste("Valor de b = ", modelo$coefficients[2])
## [1] "Valor de b = 511215.731269587"
prediccion <- predict(modelo, newdata = datos.validacion)
datos.validacion <- mutate(datos.validacion, predicho = prediccion)
head(datos.validacion, 10)
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 1 3 193080 De Gea 27
## 2 8 155862 Sergio Ramos 32
## 3 9 200389 J. Oblak 25
## 4 15 211110 P. Dybala 24
## 5 21 179813 E. Cavani 31
## 6 22 167495 M. Neuer 32
## 7 24 138956 G. Chiellini 33
## 8 28 198710 J. Rodríguez 26
## 9 29 198219 L. Insigne 27
## 10 30 197781 Isco 26
## Photo Nationality
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/193080.png Spain
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/155862.png Spain
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/200389.png Slovenia
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/211110.png Argentina
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/179813.png Uruguay
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/167495.png Germany
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/138956.png Italy
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198710.png Colombia
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198219.png Italy
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/197781.png Spain
## Flag Overall Potential Club
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 93 Manchester United
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/44.png 90 93 Atlético Madrid
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/52.png 89 94 Juventus
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 89 89 Paris Saint-Germain
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/21.png 89 89 FC Bayern München
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 89 89 Juventus
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/56.png 88 89 FC Bayern München
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 88 88 Napoli
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 88 91 Real Madrid
## Club.Logo Value Wage Special
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/11.png \20072M \200260K 1471
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20051M \200380K 2201
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/240.png \20068M \20094K 1331
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20089M \200205K 2092
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/73.png \20060M \200200K 2161
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20038M \200130K 1473
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20027M \200215K 1841
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20069.5M \200315K 2171
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/48.png \20062M \200165K 2017
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20073.5M \200315K 2137
## Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot Skill.Moves Work.Rate
## 1 Right 4 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 2 Right 4 3 3 High/ Medium
## 3 Right 3 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 4 Left 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 5 Right 4 4 3 High/ High
## 6 Right 5 4 1 Medium/ Medium
## 7 Left 4 3 2 Medium/ High
## 8 Left 4 3 4 Medium/ Medium
## 9 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 10 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number Joined Loaned.From
## 1 Lean Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 2 Normal Yes RCB 15 Aug 1, 2005
## 3 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 16, 2014
## 4 Normal Yes LF 21 Jul 1, 2015
## 5 Lean Yes LS 21 Jul 16, 2013
## 6 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 7 Normal Yes LCB 3 Jul 1, 2005
## 8 Normal Yes LAM 10 Real Madrid
## 9 Normal Yes LW 10 Jul 1, 2010
## 10 Normal Yes LW 22 Jul 3, 2013
## Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST RS LW LF CF RF RW
## 1 2020 6'4 168lbs
## 2 2020 6'0 181lbs 73+3 73+3 73+3 70+3 71+3 71+3 71+3 70+3
## 3 2021 6'2 192lbs
## 4 2022 5'10 165lbs 83+3 83+3 83+3 87+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 87+3
## 5 2020 6'1 170lbs 85+3 85+3 85+3 81+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 81+3
## 6 2021 6'4 203lbs
## 7 2020 6'2 187lbs 58+3 58+3 58+3 54+3 55+3 55+3 55+3 54+3
## 8 Jun 30, 2019 5'11 172lbs 80+3 80+3 80+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## 9 2022 5'4 130lbs 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 85+3 85+3 85+3 86+3
## 10 2022 5'9 174lbs 76+3 76+3 76+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB
## 1
## 2 71+3 71+3 71+3 72+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 72+3 81+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 81+3 84+3 87+3
## 3
## 4 87+3 87+3 87+3 86+3 79+3 79+3 79+3 86+3 62+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 62+3 56+3 45+3
## 5 80+3 80+3 80+3 79+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 79+3 67+3 65+3 65+3 65+3 67+3 65+3 63+3
## 6
## 7 54+3 54+3 54+3 56+3 60+3 60+3 60+3 56+3 74+3 76+3 76+3 76+3 74+3 77+3 86+3
## 8 85+3 85+3 85+3 83+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 83+3 69+3 68+3 68+3 68+3 69+3 65+3 58+3
## 9 86+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 63+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 63+3 58+3 44+3
## 10 86+3 86+3 86+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 72+3 73+3 73+3 73+3 72+3 68+3 63+3
## CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys
## 1 17 13 21 50 13
## 2 87+3 87+3 84+3 66 60 91 78 66
## 3 13 11 15 29 13
## 4 45+3 45+3 56+3 82 84 68 87 88
## 5 63+3 63+3 65+3 70 89 89 78 90
## 6 15 13 25 55 11
## 7 86+3 86+3 77+3 58 33 83 59 45
## 8 58+3 58+3 65+3 90 83 62 89 90
## 9 44+3 44+3 58+3 86 77 56 85 74
## 10 63+3 63+3 68+3 75 79 55 89 65
## Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed
## 1 18 21 19 51 42 57 58
## 2 63 74 72 77 84 76 75
## 3 12 13 14 26 16 43 60
## 4 92 88 88 75 92 87 83
## 5 80 77 76 52 82 75 76
## 6 30 14 11 59 48 54 60
## 7 58 60 31 59 57 63 75
## 8 85 89 86 83 90 73 67
## 9 90 87 77 78 93 94 86
## 10 94 88 76 83 95 75 69
## Agility Reactions Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots
## 1 60 90 43 31 67 43 64 12
## 2 78 85 66 79 93 84 83 59
## 3 67 86 49 22 76 41 78 12
## 4 91 86 85 82 75 80 65 88
## 5 77 91 59 87 88 92 78 79
## 6 51 84 35 25 77 43 80 16
## 7 54 82 55 78 89 65 89 49
## 8 83 85 76 86 54 70 68 92
## 9 94 83 93 75 53 75 44 84
## 10 87 77 90 69 64 70 59 87
## Aggression Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 1 38 30 12 68 40 68 15
## 2 88 90 60 63 75 82 87
## 3 34 19 11 70 11 70 27
## 4 48 32 84 87 86 84 23
## 5 84 48 93 77 85 82 52
## 6 29 30 12 70 47 70 17
## 7 92 88 28 50 50 84 93
## 8 64 55 80 89 81 87 52
## 9 34 26 83 87 61 83 51
## 10 58 64 78 89 76 86 60
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 1 21 13 90 85 87 88
## 2 92 91 11 8 9 7
## 3 12 18 86 92 78 88
## 4 20 20 5 4 4 5
## 5 45 39 12 5 13 13
## 6 10 11 90 86 91 87
## 7 93 90 3 3 2 4
## 8 41 44 15 15 15 5
## 9 24 22 8 4 14 9
## 10 64 51 10 8 12 15
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor predicho
## 1 94 \200138.6M 72000000 15117418
## 2 11 \200104.6M 51000000 15117418
## 3 89 \200144.5M 68000000 14606202
## 4 8 \200153.5M 89000000 14094986
## 5 10 \200111M 60000000 14094986
## 6 87 \20062.7M 38000000 14094986
## 7 3 \20044.6M 27000000 14094986
## 8 14 69500000 13583770
## 9 10 \200105.4M 62000000 13583770
## 10 6 \200156.2M 73500000 13583770
prediccion <- predict(modelo2, newdata = datos.validacion)
new.datos.validacion <- mutate(datos.validacion, predicho2 = prediccion)
head(new.datos.validacion, 10)
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 1 3 193080 De Gea 27
## 2 8 155862 Sergio Ramos 32
## 3 9 200389 J. Oblak 25
## 4 15 211110 P. Dybala 24
## 5 21 179813 E. Cavani 31
## 6 22 167495 M. Neuer 32
## 7 24 138956 G. Chiellini 33
## 8 28 198710 J. Rodríguez 26
## 9 29 198219 L. Insigne 27
## 10 30 197781 Isco 26
## Photo Nationality
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/193080.png Spain
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/155862.png Spain
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/200389.png Slovenia
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/211110.png Argentina
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/179813.png Uruguay
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/167495.png Germany
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/138956.png Italy
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198710.png Colombia
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198219.png Italy
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/197781.png Spain
## Flag Overall Potential Club
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 93 Manchester United
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/44.png 90 93 Atlético Madrid
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/52.png 89 94 Juventus
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 89 89 Paris Saint-Germain
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/21.png 89 89 FC Bayern München
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 89 89 Juventus
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/56.png 88 89 FC Bayern München
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 88 88 Napoli
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 88 91 Real Madrid
## Club.Logo Value Wage Special
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/11.png \20072M \200260K 1471
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20051M \200380K 2201
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/240.png \20068M \20094K 1331
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20089M \200205K 2092
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/73.png \20060M \200200K 2161
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20038M \200130K 1473
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20027M \200215K 1841
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20069.5M \200315K 2171
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/48.png \20062M \200165K 2017
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20073.5M \200315K 2137
## Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot Skill.Moves Work.Rate
## 1 Right 4 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 2 Right 4 3 3 High/ Medium
## 3 Right 3 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 4 Left 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 5 Right 4 4 3 High/ High
## 6 Right 5 4 1 Medium/ Medium
## 7 Left 4 3 2 Medium/ High
## 8 Left 4 3 4 Medium/ Medium
## 9 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 10 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number Joined Loaned.From
## 1 Lean Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 2 Normal Yes RCB 15 Aug 1, 2005
## 3 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 16, 2014
## 4 Normal Yes LF 21 Jul 1, 2015
## 5 Lean Yes LS 21 Jul 16, 2013
## 6 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 7 Normal Yes LCB 3 Jul 1, 2005
## 8 Normal Yes LAM 10 Real Madrid
## 9 Normal Yes LW 10 Jul 1, 2010
## 10 Normal Yes LW 22 Jul 3, 2013
## Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST RS LW LF CF RF RW
## 1 2020 6'4 168lbs
## 2 2020 6'0 181lbs 73+3 73+3 73+3 70+3 71+3 71+3 71+3 70+3
## 3 2021 6'2 192lbs
## 4 2022 5'10 165lbs 83+3 83+3 83+3 87+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 87+3
## 5 2020 6'1 170lbs 85+3 85+3 85+3 81+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 81+3
## 6 2021 6'4 203lbs
## 7 2020 6'2 187lbs 58+3 58+3 58+3 54+3 55+3 55+3 55+3 54+3
## 8 Jun 30, 2019 5'11 172lbs 80+3 80+3 80+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## 9 2022 5'4 130lbs 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 85+3 85+3 85+3 86+3
## 10 2022 5'9 174lbs 76+3 76+3 76+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB
## 1
## 2 71+3 71+3 71+3 72+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 72+3 81+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 81+3 84+3 87+3
## 3
## 4 87+3 87+3 87+3 86+3 79+3 79+3 79+3 86+3 62+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 62+3 56+3 45+3
## 5 80+3 80+3 80+3 79+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 79+3 67+3 65+3 65+3 65+3 67+3 65+3 63+3
## 6
## 7 54+3 54+3 54+3 56+3 60+3 60+3 60+3 56+3 74+3 76+3 76+3 76+3 74+3 77+3 86+3
## 8 85+3 85+3 85+3 83+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 83+3 69+3 68+3 68+3 68+3 69+3 65+3 58+3
## 9 86+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 63+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 63+3 58+3 44+3
## 10 86+3 86+3 86+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 72+3 73+3 73+3 73+3 72+3 68+3 63+3
## CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys
## 1 17 13 21 50 13
## 2 87+3 87+3 84+3 66 60 91 78 66
## 3 13 11 15 29 13
## 4 45+3 45+3 56+3 82 84 68 87 88
## 5 63+3 63+3 65+3 70 89 89 78 90
## 6 15 13 25 55 11
## 7 86+3 86+3 77+3 58 33 83 59 45
## 8 58+3 58+3 65+3 90 83 62 89 90
## 9 44+3 44+3 58+3 86 77 56 85 74
## 10 63+3 63+3 68+3 75 79 55 89 65
## Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed
## 1 18 21 19 51 42 57 58
## 2 63 74 72 77 84 76 75
## 3 12 13 14 26 16 43 60
## 4 92 88 88 75 92 87 83
## 5 80 77 76 52 82 75 76
## 6 30 14 11 59 48 54 60
## 7 58 60 31 59 57 63 75
## 8 85 89 86 83 90 73 67
## 9 90 87 77 78 93 94 86
## 10 94 88 76 83 95 75 69
## Agility Reactions Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots
## 1 60 90 43 31 67 43 64 12
## 2 78 85 66 79 93 84 83 59
## 3 67 86 49 22 76 41 78 12
## 4 91 86 85 82 75 80 65 88
## 5 77 91 59 87 88 92 78 79
## 6 51 84 35 25 77 43 80 16
## 7 54 82 55 78 89 65 89 49
## 8 83 85 76 86 54 70 68 92
## 9 94 83 93 75 53 75 44 84
## 10 87 77 90 69 64 70 59 87
## Aggression Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 1 38 30 12 68 40 68 15
## 2 88 90 60 63 75 82 87
## 3 34 19 11 70 11 70 27
## 4 48 32 84 87 86 84 23
## 5 84 48 93 77 85 82 52
## 6 29 30 12 70 47 70 17
## 7 92 88 28 50 50 84 93
## 8 64 55 80 89 81 87 52
## 9 34 26 83 87 61 83 51
## 10 58 64 78 89 76 86 60
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 1 21 13 90 85 87 88
## 2 92 91 11 8 9 7
## 3 12 18 86 92 78 88
## 4 20 20 5 4 4 5
## 5 45 39 12 5 13 13
## 6 10 11 90 86 91 87
## 7 93 90 3 3 2 4
## 8 41 44 15 15 15 5
## 9 24 22 8 4 14 9
## 10 64 51 10 8 12 15
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor predicho predicho2
## 1 94 \200138.6M 72000000 15117418 42439871
## 2 11 \200104.6M 51000000 15117418 42439871
## 3 89 \200144.5M 68000000 14606202 39560037
## 4 8 \200153.5M 89000000 14094986 36778617
## 5 10 \200111M 60000000 14094986 36778617
## 6 87 \20062.7M 38000000 14094986 36778617
## 7 3 \20044.6M 27000000 14094986 36778617
## 8 14 69500000 13583770 34095610
## 9 10 \200105.4M 62000000 13583770 34095610
## 10 6 \200156.2M 73500000 13583770 34095610
prediccion <- predict(modelo4, newdata = datos.validacion)
new.datos.validacion <- mutate(new.datos.validacion, predicho4 = prediccion)
head(new.datos.validacion, 10)
## X.U.FEFF. ID Name Age
## 1 3 193080 De Gea 27
## 2 8 155862 Sergio Ramos 32
## 3 9 200389 J. Oblak 25
## 4 15 211110 P. Dybala 24
## 5 21 179813 E. Cavani 31
## 6 22 167495 M. Neuer 32
## 7 24 138956 G. Chiellini 33
## 8 28 198710 J. Rodríguez 26
## 9 29 198219 L. Insigne 27
## 10 30 197781 Isco 26
## Photo Nationality
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/193080.png Spain
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/155862.png Spain
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/200389.png Slovenia
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/211110.png Argentina
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/179813.png Uruguay
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/167495.png Germany
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/138956.png Italy
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198710.png Colombia
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/198219.png Italy
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/players/4/19/197781.png Spain
## Flag Overall Potential Club
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 93 Manchester United
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 91 91 Real Madrid
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/44.png 90 93 Atlético Madrid
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/52.png 89 94 Juventus
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/60.png 89 89 Paris Saint-Germain
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/21.png 89 89 FC Bayern München
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 89 89 Juventus
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/56.png 88 89 FC Bayern München
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/27.png 88 88 Napoli
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/flags/45.png 88 91 Real Madrid
## Club.Logo Value Wage Special
## 1 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/11.png \20072M \200260K 1471
## 2 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20051M \200380K 2201
## 3 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/240.png \20068M \20094K 1331
## 4 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20089M \200205K 2092
## 5 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/73.png \20060M \200200K 2161
## 6 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20038M \200130K 1473
## 7 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/45.png \20027M \200215K 1841
## 8 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/21.png \20069.5M \200315K 2171
## 9 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/48.png \20062M \200165K 2017
## 10 https://cdn.sofifa.org/teams/2/light/243.png \20073.5M \200315K 2137
## Preferred.Foot International.Reputation Weak.Foot Skill.Moves Work.Rate
## 1 Right 4 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 2 Right 4 3 3 High/ Medium
## 3 Right 3 3 1 Medium/ Medium
## 4 Left 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 5 Right 4 4 3 High/ High
## 6 Right 5 4 1 Medium/ Medium
## 7 Left 4 3 2 Medium/ High
## 8 Left 4 3 4 Medium/ Medium
## 9 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## 10 Right 3 3 4 High/ Medium
## Body.Type Real.Face Position Jersey.Number Joined Loaned.From
## 1 Lean Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 2 Normal Yes RCB 15 Aug 1, 2005
## 3 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 16, 2014
## 4 Normal Yes LF 21 Jul 1, 2015
## 5 Lean Yes LS 21 Jul 16, 2013
## 6 Normal Yes GK 1 Jul 1, 2011
## 7 Normal Yes LCB 3 Jul 1, 2005
## 8 Normal Yes LAM 10 Real Madrid
## 9 Normal Yes LW 10 Jul 1, 2010
## 10 Normal Yes LW 22 Jul 3, 2013
## Contract.Valid.Until Height Weight LS ST RS LW LF CF RF RW
## 1 2020 6'4 168lbs
## 2 2020 6'0 181lbs 73+3 73+3 73+3 70+3 71+3 71+3 71+3 70+3
## 3 2021 6'2 192lbs
## 4 2022 5'10 165lbs 83+3 83+3 83+3 87+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 87+3
## 5 2020 6'1 170lbs 85+3 85+3 85+3 81+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 81+3
## 6 2021 6'4 203lbs
## 7 2020 6'2 187lbs 58+3 58+3 58+3 54+3 55+3 55+3 55+3 54+3
## 8 Jun 30, 2019 5'11 172lbs 80+3 80+3 80+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## 9 2022 5'4 130lbs 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 85+3 85+3 85+3 86+3
## 10 2022 5'9 174lbs 76+3 76+3 76+3 84+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 84+3
## LAM CAM RAM LM LCM CM RCM RM LWB LDM CDM RDM RWB LB LCB
## 1
## 2 71+3 71+3 71+3 72+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 72+3 81+3 84+3 84+3 84+3 81+3 84+3 87+3
## 3
## 4 87+3 87+3 87+3 86+3 79+3 79+3 79+3 86+3 62+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 62+3 56+3 45+3
## 5 80+3 80+3 80+3 79+3 75+3 75+3 75+3 79+3 67+3 65+3 65+3 65+3 67+3 65+3 63+3
## 6
## 7 54+3 54+3 54+3 56+3 60+3 60+3 60+3 56+3 74+3 76+3 76+3 76+3 74+3 77+3 86+3
## 8 85+3 85+3 85+3 83+3 81+3 81+3 81+3 83+3 69+3 68+3 68+3 68+3 69+3 65+3 58+3
## 9 86+3 86+3 86+3 86+3 78+3 78+3 78+3 86+3 63+3 58+3 58+3 58+3 63+3 58+3 44+3
## 10 86+3 86+3 86+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 83+3 72+3 73+3 73+3 73+3 72+3 68+3 63+3
## CB RCB RB Crossing Finishing HeadingAccuracy ShortPassing Volleys
## 1 17 13 21 50 13
## 2 87+3 87+3 84+3 66 60 91 78 66
## 3 13 11 15 29 13
## 4 45+3 45+3 56+3 82 84 68 87 88
## 5 63+3 63+3 65+3 70 89 89 78 90
## 6 15 13 25 55 11
## 7 86+3 86+3 77+3 58 33 83 59 45
## 8 58+3 58+3 65+3 90 83 62 89 90
## 9 44+3 44+3 58+3 86 77 56 85 74
## 10 63+3 63+3 68+3 75 79 55 89 65
## Dribbling Curve FKAccuracy LongPassing BallControl Acceleration SprintSpeed
## 1 18 21 19 51 42 57 58
## 2 63 74 72 77 84 76 75
## 3 12 13 14 26 16 43 60
## 4 92 88 88 75 92 87 83
## 5 80 77 76 52 82 75 76
## 6 30 14 11 59 48 54 60
## 7 58 60 31 59 57 63 75
## 8 85 89 86 83 90 73 67
## 9 90 87 77 78 93 94 86
## 10 94 88 76 83 95 75 69
## Agility Reactions Balance ShotPower Jumping Stamina Strength LongShots
## 1 60 90 43 31 67 43 64 12
## 2 78 85 66 79 93 84 83 59
## 3 67 86 49 22 76 41 78 12
## 4 91 86 85 82 75 80 65 88
## 5 77 91 59 87 88 92 78 79
## 6 51 84 35 25 77 43 80 16
## 7 54 82 55 78 89 65 89 49
## 8 83 85 76 86 54 70 68 92
## 9 94 83 93 75 53 75 44 84
## 10 87 77 90 69 64 70 59 87
## Aggression Interceptions Positioning Vision Penalties Composure Marking
## 1 38 30 12 68 40 68 15
## 2 88 90 60 63 75 82 87
## 3 34 19 11 70 11 70 27
## 4 48 32 84 87 86 84 23
## 5 84 48 93 77 85 82 52
## 6 29 30 12 70 47 70 17
## 7 92 88 28 50 50 84 93
## 8 64 55 80 89 81 87 52
## 9 34 26 83 87 61 83 51
## 10 58 64 78 89 76 86 60
## StandingTackle SlidingTackle GKDiving GKHandling GKKicking GKPositioning
## 1 21 13 90 85 87 88
## 2 92 91 11 8 9 7
## 3 12 18 86 92 78 88
## 4 20 20 5 4 4 5
## 5 45 39 12 5 13 13
## 6 10 11 90 86 91 87
## 7 93 90 3 3 2 4
## 8 41 44 15 15 15 5
## 9 24 22 8 4 14 9
## 10 64 51 10 8 12 15
## GKReflexes Release.Clause Valor predicho predicho2 predicho4
## 1 94 \200138.6M 72000000 15117418 42439871 77346260
## 2 11 \200104.6M 51000000 15117418 42439871 77346260
## 3 89 \200144.5M 68000000 14606202 39560037 68369009
## 4 8 \200153.5M 89000000 14094986 36778617 60205554
## 5 10 \200111M 60000000 14094986 36778617 60205554
## 6 87 \20062.7M 38000000 14094986 36778617 60205554
## 7 3 \20044.6M 27000000 14094986 36778617 60205554
## 8 14 69500000 13583770 34095610 52804991
## 9 10 \200105.4M 62000000 13583770 34095610 52804991
## 10 6 \200156.2M 73500000 13583770 34095610 52804991
¿Cuáles son las variables independientes y dependientes del caso y qué significan (b0 & b1)? La variable x es la variable independiente que es Overall donde tambien se conoce como b0 es la ordenada en el origen y la variable ‘y’ es Value que tambien es conocida como b1 que es la pendiente de la recta.
Cuál es valor del coeficiente de correlación R Square y R Square adjusted en el modelo?
En la parte del modelo en la segunda potencia se puede mostrar el valor de Rsquare y el Avanced RSquare en la tabla de resultados al final en donde dice la siguiente informacion.
Multiple R-squared: 0.7551, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7551 Por lo cual represanta que el Overall es el 75% predictorio en relacion al Value del jugador.
¿Cuál es el valor de b0 y b1 en la ecuación de regresión a la potencia 2, 3, 4 o 6? y=β0+β1xi2+β3xi3+…+βdxdin+ϵi
La regresion de potencia aumenta dependiendo de la potencia en donde la potencia numero 4. Da como resultado un 89%.
¿y qué significa? Significa que el modelo estima a mas RSquare dependiendo de la potencia ya que la interprectacion tiene cambios significativos.
Qué tan bien predice el modelo? El modelo mejora la prediccion porque se puede ajustar mas la potencia necesaria para la evaluacion de la correlacion entre las variables que se escogieron. Por lo que el grafico del modelo 4 tiene una exactitud muy diferente al modelo 2 eso hace que se pueda visualizar mejor en el modelo 4 la curva de una manera mas eficiente para identificar las predicciones.
Es el modelo de regresión lineal polinómico adecuado para predecir el valor económico del jugador basado únicamente en la variable Overall? ¿Que comparación se tienen con el modelo lineal en estas dos variables Overall y Value?
La comparacion es que por medio de la formula polinomial el valor de los predichos 2 y 4 cambian con mejor relacion a la Variable Value eso hace que se tenga un mejor acercamiento a la interpretacion de la relacion de un valor con otro.