Penalty

Initial idea was to check a conversion rate for all the data constellations between two variables - Penalty taker foot and Goalkeeper foot. Any other exploratory analysis can be performed as well.

Penalty data were loaded from Transfermarkt.com for seasons 2016/2017 - 2020/2021 for top 5 European leagues (EN, DE, FR, ES, IT). In total - 2604 observations as of 07.01.2021.

Exploring the data

Left vs Right

Slighly smaller conversion rate for combination Right-Right and Left-Left.

Distribution over minutes in game

Dominated mintures are 45 and 90 due to stoppage time.

Relatively few number of penalties in the first minutes.

Distribution over intervals in game

Penalties are missed a little bit more when closer to an end.

Distribution over matchdays across seasons and countries

Generally, fewer penalties in Germany, mainly due to 18 teams in the league (comparing to 20 in all the others).

No special tendency accross matchdays is noticed.