TRABAJO FINAL DE ESTADISTICA
1. Unir archivos
1.1. Indice de libertades
Link2="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_freedom_indices"
Path2='//*[@id="mw-content-text"]/div[1]/table[2]'
Ifreedom=htmltab::htmltab(Link2,Path2)names(Ifreedom)## [1] "Country" "Freedom in the World 2020"
## [3] "2020 Index of Economic Freedom" "2020 Press Freedom Index"
## [5] "2019 Democracy Index"names(Ifreedom)=c("country","Freedom","eco","press","demo")str(Ifreedom)## 'data.frame': 198 obs. of 5 variables:
## $ country: chr "Â Afghanistan" "Â Albania" "Â Algeria" "Â Andorra" ...
## $ Freedom: chr "not free" "partly free" "not free" "free" ...
## $ eco : chr "mostly unfree" "moderately free" "repressed" "n/a" ...
## $ press : chr "difficult situation" "noticeable problems" "difficult situation" "satisfactory situation" ...
## $ demo : chr "authoritarian regime" "hybrid regime" "hybrid regime" "n/a" ...1.2. Indice de felicidad
Link3="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Happiness_Report"
Path3='//*[@id="mw-content-text"]/div[1]/table'
Ihapiness=htmltab::htmltab(Link3,Path3)names(Ihapiness)## [1] "Overall rank" "Country or region"
## [3] "Score" "GDP per capita"
## [5] "Social support" "Healthy life expectancy"
## [7] "Freedom to make life choices" "Generosity"
## [9] "Perceptions of corruption"Eliminamos columnas
Ihapiness=Ihapiness[,-c(1,3)]names(Ihapiness)=c("country","gdp","social","life","choices","generosity",
"perceptions")str(Ihapiness)## 'data.frame': 153 obs. of 7 variables:
## $ country : chr "Â Finland" "Â Denmark" "Â Â Switzerland" "Â Iceland" ...
## $ gdp : chr "1.285" "1.327" "1.391" "1.327" ...
## $ social : chr "1.500" "1.503" "1.472" "1.548" ...
## $ life : chr "0.961" "0.979" "1.041" "1.001" ...
## $ choices : chr "0.662" "0.665" "0.629" "0.662" ...
## $ generosity : chr "0.160" "0.243" "0.269" "0.362" ...
## $ perceptions: chr "0.478" "0.495" "0.408" "0.145" ...Ihapiness[,2:7]=lapply(Ihapiness[,2:7],as.numeric)1.3. Indice de democracia
Link1="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index"
Path1='//*[@id="mw-content-text"]/div[1]/table[2]'
Idemocracia=htmltab::htmltab(Link1,Path1)names(Idemocracia)## [1] "Rank >> Rank"
## [2] "Country >> Country"
## [3] "Score >> Score"
## [4] "Electoral processand pluralism >> Electoral processand pluralism"
## [5] "FunctioÂning ofgovernÂment >> FunctioÂning ofgovernÂment"
## [6] "PoliticalparticiÂpation >> PoliticalparticiÂpation"
## [7] "Politicalculture >> Politicalculture"
## [8] "Civilliberties >> Civilliberties"
## [9] "Regimetype >> Regimetype"
## [10] "Region >> Region"
## [11] "Changes fromlast year >> Changes fromlast year"Idemocracia=Idemocracia[,-c(1,3,11)]names(Idemocracia)=c("country","elec","funct","partic","cult","civil",
"regime","region")str(Idemocracia)## 'data.frame': 167 obs. of 8 variables:
## $ country: chr "Â Norway" "Â Iceland" "Â Sweden" "Â New Zealand" ...
## $ elec : chr "10.00" "10.00" "9.58" "10.00" ...
## $ funct : chr "9.64" "9.29" "9.64" "9.29" ...
## $ partic : chr "10.00" "8.89" "8.33" "8.89" ...
## $ cult : chr "10.00" "10.00" "10.00" "8.13" ...
## $ civil : chr "9.71" "9.71" "9.41" "10.00" ...
## $ regime : chr "Full democracy" "Full democracy" "Full democracy" "Full democracy" ...
## $ region : chr "Western Europe" "Western Europe" "Western Europe" "Asia & Australasia" ...Idemocracia[,2:6]=lapply(Idemocracia[,2:6],as.numeric)1.4. Unimos las tres tablas
FreedomHapiness=merge(Ifreedom,Ihapiness)InTotal=merge(FreedomHapiness,Idemocracia)2. Exploracion de la variable
2.1. Exploraremos la variable Libertades civiles (civil)
2.1.1. Exploracion grafica:
Histograma
library(ggplot2)
base1=ggplot(InTotal,aes(x=civil))
histNum= base1 + geom_histogram(bins=7)
histNum 
Distribucion asimétrica negativa
Boxplot
base2=ggplot(InTotal,aes(y=civil))
box=base2 + geom_boxplot() + coord_flip()
box 
AsimetrÃa negativa
2.1.2. Exploracion con estadigrafos
summary(InTotal$civil)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.590 3.970 6.180 6.029 8.240 10.000library(ggplot2)
estadigrafos=round(as.vector(summary(InTotal$civil)),2)
box + scale_y_continuous(breaks = estadigrafos) 
library(DescTools)
Skew(InTotal$civil,conf.level = 0.05)## skew lwr.ci upr.ci
## -0.2781146 -0.2907496 -0.2783326Distancia intercuartilica
IQR(InTotal$civil)## [1] 4.273. Analisis bivariado
library(ggpubr)
p1=ggscatter(InTotal,
x = "cult", y = "civil",
cor.coef = TRUE,
cor.method = "pearson") # spearman?
p1
s4=ggscatter(InTotal,
x = "cult", y = "civil",
cor.coef = TRUE,
cor.method = "spearman")
s4
4. Regresión
4.1. Analisis de la dependiente
- Verificar normalidad:
shapiro.test(InTotal$civil)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: InTotal$civil
## W = 0.95366, p-value = 0.0001005- Verificar asimetrÃa y si hay atÃpicos:
library(DescTools)
Skew(InTotal$civil)## [1] -0.2781146Histograma
library(ggplot2)
base=ggplot(data=InTotal, aes(x=civil))
base+geom_histogram(bins=20)
Boxplot
base=ggplot(data=InTotal, aes(y=civil))
base+geom_boxplot() + coord_flip()
4.2. Analisis bivariado
Ha: Libertades civiles tiene relacion directa con participacion politica
H1=formula(civil ~ partic)
aggregate(H1, data=InTotal,median) ## partic civil
## 1 1.11 2.350
## 2 1.67 1.180
## 3 2.22 1.470
## 4 2.78 2.940
## 5 3.33 3.240
## 6 3.89 3.820
## 7 4.44 5.000
## 8 5.00 5.590
## 9 5.56 7.060
## 10 6.11 7.350
## 11 6.67 7.940
## 12 7.22 6.620
## 13 7.78 8.675
## 14 8.33 9.120
## 15 8.89 9.710
## 16 10.00 9.710base=ggplot(data=InTotal, aes(x=partic,y=civil))
base+geom_boxplot() + coord_flip()## Warning: Continuous x aesthetic -- did you forget aes(group=...)?
Asimetria negativa
Libertades civiles tiene relacion directa con cultura politica
H2=formula(civil ~ cult)
aggregate(H2, data=InTotal,median)## cult civil
## 1 1.88 2.350
## 2 2.50 3.970
## 3 3.13 4.410
## 4 3.75 4.410
## 5 4.38 4.855
## 6 5.00 3.820
## 7 5.63 5.590
## 8 6.25 6.470
## 9 6.88 8.530
## 10 7.50 9.120
## 11 8.13 8.970
## 12 8.75 9.710
## 13 9.38 9.120
## 14 10.00 9.710base=ggplot(data=InTotal, aes(x=cult,y=civil))
base+geom_boxplot() + coord_flip()## Warning: Continuous x aesthetic -- did you forget aes(group=...)?
asimetria negativa
Por lo tanto
1.Cuando un pais tiene participacion politica las libertades civiles aumentan (relacion directa). Este efecto es significativo al 0.001
2.Cuando un pais tiene cultura poltica las libertades civiles aumentan (relacion directa). Este efecto es significativo al 0.001