1 Files analyzed

The present document has the finality of summarize some of the analysis that can be done using CIVED/ICCS data set to study the scales regarding Attitudes toward diverse social groups, such as Attitudes toward equal rights for all ethnic/racial groups, Attitudes toward gender equality and Attitudes toward equal rights for immigrants. Three cycles are available and multiple countries participate in each one of them.

This summary include the following selected countries and years (cycle) in the analysis.

Participant countries

The selected participant countries were divided in 4 groups:

1a. European countries with 3 waves (1999/2009/2016): Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden.
1b. Non-European countries with 3 waves (1999/2009/2016): Chile, Colombia, Hong Kong, Russian Federation.

2a. European countries with last 2 waves (2009/2016): Belgium (Flemish), Malta, The Netherlands.
2b. Non-European countries with last 2 waves (2009/2016): Dominican Republic, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Chinese Taipei.

Weights and sample size

The number of observations available for each cycle and country is described in the following tables for each questionnaire: Student general (ISG), Teacher (ITG) and School (ISG).

European countries had an additional questionnaire (ISE), for wave 2016 scales regarding **Attitudes towards immigrants is only available in this questionnaire, for the rest of countries this scale is not available.

Each table has the following information:

  • w*: the sum of total weight of the questionnaire
  • w*s: the senate weight (sum up 1000 for each country)
  • nStr*: number of stratum in the sample in the questionnaire
  • nSch*: number of schools in the sample in the questionnaire
  • nStu*: number of Students in the sample in the questionnaire
Student general questionnaire
COUNTRY questG w99 w99s nStr99 nSch99 nStu99 w09 w09s nStr09 nSch09 nStu09 w16 w16s nStr16 nSch16 nStu16
BFL ISG 67913 1000 75 151 2968 72667 1000 75 162 2931
BGR ISG 92848 1000 74 148 2884 63557 1000 75 158 3257 52891 1000 74 147 2966
CHL ISG 215497 1000 75 180 5688 258422 1000 75 177 5192 230271 1000 75 178 5081
COL ISG 445251 1000 73 144 4926 661787 1000 75 196 6204 689131 1000 75 150 5609
DNK ISG 50479 1000 75 178 3208 62233 1000 75 193 4508 53675 1000 75 184 6254
DOM ISG 160607 1000 73 145 4589 138418 1000 71 141 3937
EST ISG 18582 1000 75 145 3434 11748 1000 71 140 2743 10445 1000 75 164 2857
FIN ISG 61871 1000 73 146 2782 62768 1000 75 176 3307 52364 1000 75 179 3173
HKG ISG 77354 1000 75 150 4997 81579 1000 39 76 2902 52194 1000 46 91 2653
ITA ISG 528795 1000 75 172 3808 539499 1000 75 172 3366 556228 1000 75 170 3450
KOR ISG 655989 1000 75 150 5254 454422 1000 50 93 2601
LTU ISG 48571 1000 75 169 3494 37636 1000 75 199 3902 25601 1000 75 182 3631
LVA ISG 27638 1000 66 130 2572 20885 1000 75 150 2761 16519 1000 75 147 3224
MEX ISG 2010461 1000 75 215 6576 2240779 1000 75 213 5526
MLT ISG 4866 1000 75 55 2143 3960 1000 75 47 3764
NLD ISG 161661 1000 34 67 1964 173370 1000 62 123 2812
NOR ISG 47656 1000 75 154 3321 59638 1000 65 129 3013 56079 1000 75 148 6271
RUS ISG 2000213 1000 56 185 2129 1271558 1000 62 210 4295 1232422 1000 75 352 7289
SVN ISG 23578 1000 75 149 3068 17295 1000 75 163 3070 17377 1000 73 145 2844
SWE ISG 101723 1000 70 138 3073 106712 1000 75 166 3464 103755 1000 75 155 3264
TWN ISG 303632 1000 75 150 5167 230870 1000 72 141 3953
Student European questionnaire
COUNTRY questE w09 w09s nStr09 nSch09 nStu09 w16 w16s nStr16 nSch16 nStu16
BFL ISE 67824 998.6954 75 151 2964 72667 1000 75 162 2931
BGR ISE 63473 998.6728 75 158 3251 52891 1000 74 147 2966
DNK ISE 59184 951.0020 75 192 4268 53675 1000 75 184 6254
EST ISE 11620 989.1129 71 140 2718 10445 1000 75 164 2857
FIN ISE 62481 995.4384 75 176 3292 52364 1000 75 179 3173
ITA ISE 539000 999.0758 75 172 3363 556228 1000 75 170 3450
LTU ISE 37559 997.9703 75 199 3893 25601 1000 75 182 3631
LVA ISE 20757 993.8490 75 150 2741 16519 1000 75 147 3224
MLT ISE 4860 998.7031 75 55 2140 3960 1000 75 47 3764
NLD ISE 148888 920.9930 34 65 1838 173370 1000 62 123 2812
NOR ISE 56079 1000 75 148 6271
SVN ISE 17152 991.7088 75 163 3043 17377 1000 73 145 2844
SWE ISE 105445 988.1288 75 166 3424 103755 1000 75 155 3264
Teacher questionnaires
COUNTRY questT nTea99 nSch99 w99 w99s nTea09 nSch09 w09 w09s nTea16 nSch16 w16 w16s
BFL ITG 1630 135 15621.893 1000
BGR ITG 1850 158 17158.673 1000 1549 140 15414.510 1000
CHL ITG 1756 177 43929.767 1000
COL ITG 2010 188 102521.099 1000
DNK ITG 928 113 12452.308 1000 489 59 12263.405 1000
DOM ITG 778 145 14609.039 1000
EST ITG 1863 133 5356.784 1000 403 49 5496.106 1000
FIN ITG 2295 174 15803.989 1000 2097 170 15354.903 1000
HKG ITG 1446 101 12610.710 1000
ITA ITG 3023 168 143556.546 1000 2331 170 123910.482 1000
KOR ITG 2340 148 46547.738 1000
LTU ITG 2774 199 16734.281 1000 2674 183 12316.883 1000
LVA ITG 2077 146 10101.890 1000 1946 144 8353.302 1000
MEX ITG 1844 202 176300.493 1000
MLT ITG 900 55 1603.630 1000
NOR ITG 492 73 8836.001 1000 2010 143 12644.922 1000
RUS ITG 3081 210 524278.836 1000
SVN ITG 2755 164 6917.463 1000 2056 143 6575.890 1000
SWE ITG 1942 156 26870.974 1000 1542 135 23494.898 1000
TWN ITG 2367 143 31274.104 1000
School questionnaires
COUNTRY questC nSch99 w99 w99s nSch09 w09 w09s nSch16 w16 w16s
BFL ICG 151 611.1388 1000 149 817.6296 1000
BGR ICG 148 2223.9781 1000 158 1855.3635 1000 145 1617.0785 1000
CHL ICG 180 4131.0127 1000 177 5732.0401 1000 158 5355.8507 1000
COL ICG 144 6797.3693 1000 196 10150.0111 1000 128 10191.2425 1000
DNK ICG 178 1273.4806 1000 171 1292.4315 1000 181 1305.0209 1000
DOM ICG 144 3192.5247 1000 127 3267.6787 1000
EST ICG 145 477.5584 1000 126 383.5236 1000 105 367.4458 1000
FIN ICG 146 613.5208 1000 174 696.7206 1000 174 690.9931 1000
HKG ICG 84 458.8204 1000 125 440.3233 1000
ITA ICG 172 4052.2315 1000 172 5780.3260 1000 163 5853.3557 1000
KOR ICG 149 2760.4996 1000 106 2347.5649 1000
LTU ICG 169 1093.3937 1000 196 1006.8849 1000 183 788.2449 1000
LVA ICG 130 769.9770 1000 135 806.0729 1000 137 656.0664 1000
MEX ICG 214 30456.6752 1000 213 32384.9966 1000
MLT ICG 54 55.0000 1000 47 47.0000 1000
NLD ICG 46 1256.9528 1000 103 1424.3131 1000
NOR ICG 154 989.5626 1000 118 897.4152 1000 142 984.2794 1000
RUS ICG 209 37722.2767 1000 352 34714.0448 1000
SVN ICG 149 430.3076 1000 158 446.8615 1000 135 450.3566 1000
SWE ICG 138 1062.8924 1000 155 1481.7831 1000 141 1569.9291 1000
TWN ICG 150 837.7167 1000 149 795.2551 1000

2 Description of variables

In this section items available in each data set regarding the constructs of interest are described. Barplots are drawn by country using their respective weights. The frequencies are differentiated by Gender and Total sample.
The indexed of each respective scale are also plotted in a violin diagram, orderer by the weighted mean of each country. The boxplot of the distribution of the data is also included. Dotted line represent the weighted mean for each subgroup and Total.
Each cycle can be seen in each tab in this section.

2.1 CIVED1999

2.1.1 Construct: Attitudes toward equal rights for immigrants

Items: BS4H1, BS4H2, BS4H3, BS4H4, BS4H5

Index: Positive Attitudes toward Immigrants

2.1.2 Construct: Attitudes toward gender equality

Items: BS4G1, BS4G4, BS4G6, BS4G9, BS4G11, BS4G13

Index: Attitudes toward Women’s Political and Economic Rights

2.1.3 Construct: Attitudes toward equal rights for all ethnic/racial groups

Items: BS4G2, BS4G5, BS4G8, BS4G12

2.2 ICCS 2009

2.2.1 Construct: Attitudes toward equal rights for immigrants

Items: IS2P26A, IS2P26B, IS2P26C, IS2P26D, IS2P26E

Index: Students’ attitudes toward equal rights for immigrants

2.2.2 Construct: Attitudes toward gender equality

Items: IS2P24A, IS2P24B, IS2P24C, IS2P24D, IS2P24E, IS2P24F

Index: Students’ attitudes toward gender equality

2.2.3 Construct: Attitudes toward equal rights for all ethnic/racial groups

Items: IS2P25A, IS2P25B, IS2P25C, IS2P25D, IS2P25E

Index: Students’ attitudes toward equal rights for all ethnic/racial groups

2.3 ICCS 2016

2.3.1 Construct: Attitudes toward equal rights for immigrants

Items: ES3G04A, ES3G04B, ES3G04C, ES3G04D, ES3G04E

Index: Attitudes toward equal rights for immigrants

2.3.2 Construct: Attitudes toward gender equality

Items: IS3G24A, IS3G24B, IS3G24C, IS3G24D, IS3G24E, IS3G24F

Index: Attitudes toward gender equality

2.3.3 Construct: Attitudes toward equal rights for all ethnic/racial groups

Items: IS3G25A, IS3G25B, IS3G25C, IS3G25D, IS3G25E

Index: Attitudes toward equal rights for all ethnic/racial groups

3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

In this section, a confirmatory factor analysis for the three scales analysed is performed, weights and complexity of the sample was taken into account. Invariance analysis was also performed for Gender and Country groups separately. Loadings of each country in the specific scale analysed are plotted with their respective confidence interval.

Each cycle can be seen in a tab separately in this section. Finally, last tab show the scores predicted by the model for each cycle, this are saved and used in the following sections. For non-european countries that not included Immigration scale in 2016, the model for these countries only include the remaining two scales.

  1. Gend_Equal : Attitudes towards equal rights for woman
  2. Immi_Equal : Attitudes towards equal rights for immigrants
  3. Ethn_Equal : Attitudes towards equal rights for different ethnics or races

Variables that were inverse worded, were reserve coded, in this case, if the response was 1: Strongly agree, this was recoded to 4: Strongly disagree and the label of the items has (r) at the end. Same was done in order to obtain that the highest value of the scale(4) indicate the same across waves, scales from 2009 and 2016 were recoded to 4 to be Strongly agree.

This way, highest the value of the indicator means major/positive attitude to equality towards the different groups analysed. Indicators goes from a scale of -2.5 to 2.5.

3.1 CIVED 1999

3.1.1 CFA - ICCS 1999

Quest n chisq df cfi tli rmsea srmr
European 31191 4061.834 83 0.975 0.969 0.039 0.022
Non-european 17361 1946.886 83 0.972 0.965 0.036 0.021

3.1.2 CFA - ICCS 1999, by countries

n chisq df cfi tli rmsea srmr
BGR 1256 299.535 83 0.962 0.952 0.046 0.036
CHL 2942 397.257 83 0.958 0.947 0.036 0.029
COL 2984 454.953 83 0.964 0.955 0.039 0.026
DNK 1630 307.750 83 0.980 0.975 0.041 0.023
EST 1996 476.442 83 0.947 0.933 0.049 0.034
FIN 1606 360.050 83 0.975 0.969 0.046 0.024
HKG 3212 640.299 83 0.970 0.962 0.046 0.028
ITA 2014 371.276 83 0.972 0.964 0.042 0.026
LTU 1866 394.973 83 0.954 0.941 0.045 0.031
LVA 1325 454.129 83 0.914 0.891 0.058 0.044
NOR 1800 487.640 83 0.967 0.958 0.052 0.029
RUS 1508 347.787 83 0.951 0.938 0.046 0.033
SVN 1789 341.393 83 0.963 0.954 0.042 0.031
SWE 1536 472.589 83 0.966 0.957 0.055 0.026

3.1.3 Invariance between COUNTRY

Quest Invariance npar logl chisq df tli cfi rmsea D_tli D_cfi D_rmsea
European Configural 520 -248813.9 3965.778 830 0.955 0.964 0.047
European Metric 412 -249254.1 4846.306 938 0.950 0.956 0.050 -0.005 -0.008 0.003
European Scalar 304 -251511.1 9360.268 1046 0.905 0.905 0.069 -0.045 -0.051 0.019
European Strict 277 -251926.8 10191.528 1073 0.898 0.896 0.071 -0.007 -0.009 0.002
Non-European Configural 208 -151665.3 1840.296 332 0.954 0.964 0.041
Non-European Metric 172 -151928.1 2365.862 368 0.945 0.952 0.045 -0.009 -0.012 0.004
Non-European Scalar 136 -153271.2 5052.104 404 0.884 0.889 0.066 -0.061 -0.063 0.021
Non-European Strict 127 -153354.1 5217.857 413 0.883 0.885 0.066 -0.001 -0.004 0.000

3.1.4 Invariance between GENDER

Quest Invariance npar logl chisq df tli cfi rmsea D_tli D_cfi D_rmsea
European Configural 104 -251384.9 2359.096 166 0.964 0.972 0.040
European Metric 92 -251442.5 2474.310 178 0.965 0.970 0.039 0.001 -0.002 -0.001
European Scalar 80 -251719.3 3027.988 190 0.959 0.963 0.042 -0.006 -0.007 0.003
European Strict 77 -251983.4 3556.275 193 0.953 0.956 0.046 -0.006 -0.007 0.004
Non-European Configural 104 -153965.3 1411.065 166 0.960 0.969 0.038
Non-European Metric 92 -153999.7 1479.955 178 0.961 0.967 0.037 0.001 -0.002 -0.001
Non-European Scalar 80 -154089.8 1660.159 190 0.959 0.963 0.038 -0.002 -0.004 0.001
Non-European Strict 77 -154114.1 1708.617 193 0.959 0.962 0.039 0.000 -0.001 0.001

3.2 ICCS 2009

3.2.1 CFA - ICCS 2009

Quest n chisq df cfi tli rmsea srmr
European 39903 3963.362 83 0.983 0.979 0.034 0.025
Non-european 39502 4628.199 84 0.977 0.971 0.037 0.024

3.2.2 CFA - ICCS 2009, by countries

n chisq df cfi tli rmsea srmr
BGR 2974 529.110 83 0.969 0.961 0.043 0.029
DNK 4102 692.555 83 0.982 0.977 0.042 0.024
EST 2633 612.058 83 0.955 0.943 0.049 0.041
FIN 3167 550.791 83 0.983 0.979 0.042 0.021
ITA 3251 440.308 83 0.981 0.976 0.036 0.028
LTU 3789 607.485 83 0.970 0.963 0.041 0.027
LVA 2633 408.491 83 0.961 0.950 0.039 0.035
NOR 2673 392.949 83 0.985 0.982 0.037 0.024
SVN 2934 378.459 83 0.983 0.978 0.035 0.027
SWE 3199 483.400 83 0.987 0.984 0.039 0.022
HKG 2791 551.234 84 0.980 0.975 0.045 0.033
RUS 4175 537.237 84 0.974 0.968 0.036 0.024
CHL 4991 544.100 84 0.980 0.975 0.033 0.023
COL 5555 782.927 84 0.967 0.959 0.039 0.026
BFL 2856 551.587 83 0.971 0.963 0.044 0.034
MLT 2010 561.486 83 0.948 0.934 0.054 0.039
NLD 1836 364.955 83 0.976 0.970 0.043 0.033
DOM 3054 691.964 84 0.920 0.900 0.049 0.039
KOR 5204 899.373 84 0.972 0.966 0.043 0.026
MEX 5981 1031.706 84 0.962 0.952 0.043 0.027
TWN 5100 748.442 84 0.983 0.978 0.039 0.026

3.2.3 Invariance between COUNTRY

Quest Invariance npar logl chisq df tli cfi rmsea D_tli D_cfi D_rmsea
European Configural 676 -514846.6 6573.635 1079 0.971 0.977 0.042
European Metric 532 -515622.9 8126.268 1223 0.968 0.971 0.044 -0.003 -0.006 0.002
European Scalar 388 -521832.5 20545.364 1367 0.920 0.920 0.069 -0.048 -0.051 0.025
European Strict 352 -522479.4 21839.277 1403 0.917 0.914 0.071 -0.003 -0.006 0.002
Non-European Configural 408 -485892.2 5786.985 672 0.965 0.972 0.041
Non-European Metric 324 -487019.5 8041.639 756 0.956 0.961 0.046 -0.009 -0.011 0.005
Non-European Scalar 240 -494993.3 23989.328 840 0.875 0.875 0.077 -0.081 -0.086 0.031
Non-European Strict 219 -495458.5 24919.557 861 0.873 0.870 0.078 -0.002 -0.005 0.001

3.2.4 Invariance between GENDER

Quest Invariance npar logl chisq df tli cfi rmsea D_tli D_cfi D_rmsea
European Configural 104 -533287.7 4098.280 166 0.976 0.981 0.035
European Metric 92 -533332.5 4187.812 178 0.977 0.980 0.034 0.001 -0.001 -0.001
European Scalar 80 -533993.7 5510.277 190 0.971 0.974 0.038 -0.006 -0.006 0.004
European Strict 77 -534679.5 6881.790 193 0.964 0.967 0.043 -0.007 -0.007 0.005
Non-European Configural 102 -507080.2 4455.378 168 0.970 0.976 0.037
Non-European Metric 90 -507174.5 4643.961 180 0.971 0.975 0.037 0.001 -0.001 0.000
Non-European Scalar 78 -507776.8 5848.546 192 0.966 0.969 0.040 -0.005 -0.006 0.003
Non-European Strict 75 -508079.3 6453.662 195 0.963 0.965 0.042 -0.003 -0.004 0.002

3.3 ICCS 2016

3.3.1 CFA - ICCS 2016

Quest n chisq df cfi tli rmsea srmr
European 47148 11132.450 84 0.96 0.950 0.053 0.038
Non-european 36139 1413.935 31 0.99 0.986 0.035 0.017

3.3.2 CFA - ICCS 2016, by countries

n chisq df cfi tli rmsea srmr
BGR 2684 1237.931 84 0.920 0.900 0.072 0.054
DNK 5228 1165.288 84 0.971 0.964 0.050 0.031
EST 2736 600.444 84 0.962 0.952 0.047 0.037
FIN 2965 795.178 84 0.971 0.964 0.053 0.035
ITA 3305 820.295 84 0.960 0.950 0.051 0.035
LTU 3439 1112.434 84 0.937 0.922 0.060 0.051
LVA 2940 744.653 84 0.947 0.934 0.052 0.042
NOR 5648 2171.464 84 0.953 0.942 0.066 0.061
SVN 2706 780.132 84 0.957 0.946 0.055 0.038
SWE 2668 757.366 84 0.972 0.965 0.055 0.043
HKG 2560 155.253 31 0.993 0.990 0.040 0.021
RUS 7107 258.098 31 0.990 0.986 0.032 0.016
CHL 4852 331.178 31 0.988 0.983 0.045 0.022
COL 5189 270.373 31 0.982 0.974 0.039 0.025
BFL 2763 636.114 84 0.957 0.947 0.049 0.044
MLT 3371 1135.073 84 0.930 0.912 0.061 0.043
NLD 2690 825.867 84 0.949 0.937 0.057 0.044
DOM 3160 358.676 31 0.939 0.911 0.058 0.039
KOR 2567 156.938 31 0.990 0.986 0.040 0.021
MEX 5180 531.690 31 0.968 0.953 0.056 0.031
TWN 3926 326.323 31 0.986 0.980 0.049 0.023

3.3.3 Invariance between COUNTRY

Quest Invariance npar logl chisq df tli cfi rmsea D_tli D_cfi D_rmsea
European Configural 663 -551033.3 12782.238 1092 0.945 0.956 0.057
European Metric 519 -551830.7 14377.067 1236 0.945 0.950 0.057 0.000 -0.006 0.000
European Scalar 375 -556808.5 24332.717 1380 0.914 0.913 0.071 -0.031 -0.037 0.014
European Strict 339 -557286.3 25288.369 1416 0.913 0.910 0.071 -0.001 -0.003 0.000
Non-European Configural 272 -278845.6 2388.529 248 0.977 0.984 0.045
Non-European Metric 216 -279680.2 4057.690 304 0.967 0.973 0.053 -0.010 -0.011 0.008
Non-European Scalar 160 -285647.3 15991.872 360 0.886 0.886 0.100 -0.081 -0.087 0.047
Non-European Strict 146 -286196.0 17089.332 374 0.882 0.878 0.102 -0.004 -0.008 0.002

3.3.4 Invariance between GENDER

Quest Invariance npar logl chisq df tli cfi rmsea D_tli D_cfi D_rmsea
European Configural 102 -574127.2 10057.227 168 0.949 0.959 0.052
European Metric 90 -574202.0 10206.796 180 0.952 0.958 0.051 0.003 -0.001 -0.001
European Scalar 78 -574553.1 10908.943 192 0.951 0.956 0.051 -0.001 -0.002 0.000
European Strict 75 -575393.8 12590.459 195 0.945 0.949 0.054 -0.006 -0.007 0.003
Non-European Configural 68 -292888.4 1382.834 62 0.985 0.990 0.035
Non-European Metric 60 -292941.8 1489.790 70 0.986 0.989 0.034 0.001 -0.001 -0.001
Non-European Scalar 52 -293457.7 2521.436 78 0.979 0.981 0.043 -0.007 -0.008 0.009
Non-European Strict 50 -293675.5 2957.052 80 0.975 0.978 0.046 -0.004 -0.003 0.003

3.4 Summary indexes, all countries, all cycles