PRELIMINARY DATA ANALYSIS FOR VDEM 2020 Dataset

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

1. VARIABLE: RULE OF LAW (v2x_rule)

A. Min and Max

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##  0.0140  0.2610  0.5540  0.5468  0.8640  0.9980

B. Histogram: examine distribution of continuous variable

ggplot(data=vdem_df2)+
      geom_histogram(mapping = aes(x = v2x_rule))

#### C. Finding Patterns: Scatterplots

plot(vdem_df2$v2x_rule ~ vdem_df2$v2pepwrses)

plot(vdem_df2$v2x_rule ~ vdem_df2$v2x_horacc)

plot(vdem_df2$v2pepwrses ~ vdem_df2$v2x_horacc)

#### D. Scatterplot Matrix

2019 Rule of Law, Power Distributed Socio-Economic Position, Horizontal_Accountability Scores

country RoL Power_SEP HA
30 Afghanistan 0.341 -0.733 0.558
10 Albania 0.596 -1.289 1.373
97 Algeria 0.217 0.682 -1.096
98 Angola 0.406 -1.373 -0.154
31 Argentina 0.757 0.967 0.702
99 Armenia 0.800 0.210 0.791
61 Australia 0.987 0.774 2.015
134 Austria 0.963 0.819 1.476
100 Azerbaijan 0.056 -1.544 -1.515
135 Bahrain 0.132 -1.914 -0.982
19 Bangladesh 0.143 -2.393 -0.806
136 Barbados 0.940 0.711 1.273
101 Belarus 0.297 1.914 -1.329
137 Belgium 0.980 1.989 1.772
46 Benin 0.727 1.137 0.507
47 Bhutan 0.952 1.356 1.318
20 Bolivia 0.447 1.385 -0.469
138 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.336 0.454 0.177
62 Botswana 0.908 0.495 1.173
15 Brazil 0.645 -0.578 0.792
139 Bulgaria 0.626 0.948 1.353
48 Burkina Faso 0.638 2.013 0.917
8 Burma/Myanmar 0.582 0.025 0.537
63 Burundi 0.054 -0.984 -0.841
49 Cambodia 0.091 -1.232 -1.058
102 Cameroon 0.093 -0.160 0.035
60 Canada 0.968 2.054 1.033
64 Cape Verde 0.879 1.514 1.799
65 Central African Republic 0.275 0.734 0.585
103 Chad 0.084 -1.221 -0.466
66 Chile 0.955 0.663 1.683
104 China 0.365 -0.353 -0.810
13 Colombia 0.716 -0.172 1.012
140 Comoros 0.188 1.599 -0.818
67 Costa Rica 0.935 0.676 1.792
141 Croatia 0.769 0.330 1.212
142 Cuba 0.329 1.287 -0.815
143 Cyprus 0.883 1.737 0.705
144 Czech Republic 0.851 1.053 1.232
105 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.157 -0.528 -0.682
145 Denmark 0.994 2.704 2.123
107 Djibouti 0.280 -0.710 -0.740
108 Dominican Republic 0.194 0.682 -0.602
69 Ecuador 0.645 0.674 0.579
11 Egypt 0.248 -0.102 -0.054
18 El Salvador 0.403 -0.331 0.915
146 Equatorial Guinea 0.041 -1.082 -0.813
109 Eritrea 0.081 0.556 -1.639
147 Estonia 0.979 1.958 1.724
126 Eswatini 0.285 -1.206 0.105
32 Ethiopia 0.554 0.909 -0.215
148 Fiji 0.707 0.891 0.084
149 Finland 0.975 2.535 1.779
70 France 0.949 1.015 1.310
110 Gabon 0.345 0.386 -1.150
112 Georgia 0.814 1.038 1.062
71 Germany 0.986 1.979 2.039
5 Ghana 0.649 0.741 1.029
150 Greece 0.870 2.565 1.363
72 Guatemala 0.306 -0.164 0.535
57 Guinea 0.115 -1.056 -0.861
113 Guinea-Bissau 0.215 -0.253 0.092
151 Guyana 0.663 0.884 -0.139
21 Haiti 0.120 -0.990 0.223
22 Honduras 0.258 -1.373 -0.441
152 Hong Kong 0.834 -0.487 0.328
178 Hungary 0.709 0.601 0.766
153 Iceland 0.978 0.774 1.218
33 India 0.661 -0.492 0.429
50 Indonesia 0.645 0.395 0.828
73 Iran 0.184 -0.238 0.445
74 Iraq 0.253 -0.742 0.570
75 Ireland 0.979 1.750 1.599
154 Israel 0.894 0.834 1.437
76 Italy 0.908 1.989 1.784
58 Ivory Coast 0.568 -0.394 0.307
114 Jamaica 0.892 1.526 1.131
7 Japan 0.957 1.989 1.705
77 Jordan 0.708 0.639 0.620
115 Kazakhstan 0.239 -0.580 -0.930
34 Kenya 0.558 0.442 1.683
37 Kosovo 0.571 -0.168 0.450
155 Kuwait 0.706 -0.440 0.921
116 Kyrgyzstan 0.433 0.275 1.298
117 Laos 0.315 -0.039 0.074
78 Latvia 0.946 1.268 1.215
38 Lebanon 0.384 -0.431 0.182
79 Lesotho 0.662 0.816 1.095
80 Liberia 0.377 1.018 0.228
118 Libya 0.155 1.547 0.997
156 Lithuania 0.955 1.124 1.742
157 Luxembourg 0.968 1.765 1.375
119 Madagascar 0.380 0.246 0.412
81 Malawi 0.484 -0.203 1.543
159 Malaysia 0.705 1.251 0.191
82 Maldives 0.793 0.653 0.942
23 Mali 0.518 1.243 0.425
160 Malta 0.802 0.426 0.403
59 Mauritania 0.261 -1.458 -0.780
161 Mauritius 0.738 1.447 1.546
1 Mexico 0.605 1.074 0.294
120 Moldova 0.622 0.168 0.508
83 Mongolia 0.652 1.107 0.763
162 Montenegro 0.584 -0.389 0.713
84 Morocco 0.699 -0.295 1.050
51 Mozambique 0.387 0.968 0.265
121 Namibia 0.811 1.170 0.749
52 Nepal 0.588 0.465 0.875
85 Netherlands 0.984 1.850 2.151
163 New Zealand 0.988 1.806 1.780
53 Nicaragua 0.051 -0.477 -1.589
54 Niger 0.570 1.974 1.018
39 Nigeria 0.360 -0.751 0.370
35 North Korea 0.044 -1.140 -1.459
158 North Macedonia 0.432 -0.576 0.600
164 Norway 0.992 2.361 2.079
165 Oman 0.654 -0.503 -0.184
24 Pakistan 0.307 -0.996 0.734
131 Palestine/Gaza 0.437 1.629 -0.430
122 Palestine/West Bank 0.782 -0.279 0.751
86 Panama 0.697 0.062 0.766
87 Papua New Guinea 0.462 -0.273 0.723
166 Paraguay 0.478 0.283 0.559
25 Peru 0.730 1.000 1.381
40 Philippines 0.415 -0.535 0.137
14 Poland 0.833 2.077 0.905
17 Portugal 0.965 1.440 1.436
88 Qatar 0.482 -1.667 -1.475
106 Republic of the Congo 0.155 0.306 -0.144
167 Romania 0.572 0.317 0.313
9 Russia 0.184 -0.628 -0.910
123 Rwanda 0.714 -0.682 -0.205
168 Sao Tome and Principe 0.804 0.432 1.272
169 Saudi Arabia 0.331 -1.206 -1.032
26 Senegal 0.777 0.679 0.905
170 Serbia 0.444 1.248 0.271
171 Seychelles 0.892 0.179 0.758
89 Sierra Leone 0.405 0.562 0.231
172 Singapore 0.975 0.759 1.075
173 Slovakia 0.839 1.244 1.437
174 Slovenia 0.936 1.098 1.643
175 Solomon Islands 0.601 0.607 0.675
124 Somalia 0.109 -0.191 0.325
132 Somaliland 0.376 -0.628 0.301
6 South Africa 0.698 1.477 1.225
36 South Korea 0.951 1.357 1.842
27 South Sudan 0.051 -0.860 -0.596
90 Spain 0.983 1.113 1.604
125 Sri Lanka 0.715 0.702 0.209
28 Sudan 0.269 -1.437 -0.484
2 Suriname 0.562 0.896 0.776
3 Sweden 0.991 1.959 2.074
4 Switzerland 0.993 1.642 2.018
91 Syria 0.091 -1.959 -0.937
42 Taiwan 0.913 1.250 1.157
127 Tajikistan 0.113 -1.790 -1.272
41 Tanzania 0.785 0.943 1.002
43 Thailand 0.274 0.378 0.144
111 The Gambia 0.765 1.185 0.671
68 Timor-Leste 0.649 0.325 0.549
128 Togo 0.181 -0.136 -0.580
129 Trinidad and Tobago 0.911 0.422 1.363
92 Tunisia 0.890 1.423 1.665
93 Turkey 0.203 -0.245 -0.656
130 Turkmenistan 0.126 -0.969 -0.780
44 Uganda 0.370 1.607 0.500
94 Ukraine 0.417 -1.077 0.817
177 United Arab Emirates 0.725 -0.840 -0.289
95 United Kingdom 0.968 0.933 1.685
16 United States of America 0.948 0.581 1.235
96 Uruguay 0.958 2.003 1.399
133 Uzbekistan 0.242 0.128 -0.752
176 Vanuatu 0.805 1.505 1.229
45 Venezuela 0.014 1.183 -0.597
29 Vietnam 0.281 0.123 0.162
12 Yemen 0.085 -1.571 -0.693
55 Zambia 0.490 0.443 1.068
179 Zanzibar 0.256 1.023 0.374
56 Zimbabwe 0.187 -0.327 0.480