Comprender características epidémicas de enfermedades de postcosecha en fruta de pera, asociadas a infecciones latentes por B. cinerea y Alternaria sp., Diplodia seriata en diferentes períodos de la estación de crecimiento desde caída de pétalos hasta la maduración de la fruta en la Norpatagonia Argentina Proponer estrategias de manejo más sustentables e inocuas que incluyan el uso de microorganismos y sustancias con capacidad fungicida y/o de inducción de defensa en el/los momento/s oportuno/s frente a Phytophthora sp, B. cinérea, Alternaria sp. y Diplodia seriata
datos1<-read.csv2("Indep_Pod_Moho.csv")
library(abd) #para la funcion as.xtab
## Loading required package: nlme
## Loading required package: lattice
## Loading required package: grid
## Loading required package: mosaic
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'mosaic':
## method from
## fortify.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame ggplot2
##
## The 'mosaic' package masks several functions from core packages in order to add
## additional features. The original behavior of these functions should not be affected by this.
##
## Attaching package: 'mosaic'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## count, do, tally
## The following object is masked from 'package:Matrix':
##
## mean
## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## stat
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## binom.test, cor, cor.test, cov, fivenum, IQR, median, prop.test,
## quantile, sd, t.test, var
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## max, mean, min, prod, range, sample, sum
XT<-as.xtabs(datos1);XT
## variable.2
## variable.1 Podredumbres Moho Sanos
## Control 47 55 648
## Biofruit 500 ppm 10 78 662
## Biofruit 100 ppm 9 93 648
## Timorex 9 64 677
summary(XT)
## Number of cases in table: 3000
## Number of factors: 2
## Test for independence of all factors:
## Chisq = 69.09, df = 6, p-value = 6.272e-13
###Se RHO ###
# dotchart(XT)
mosaicplot(XT,color = T,main= "Estado vs Tratamiento")
datos11<-read.csv2("Indep_Pod_Moho.csv",header = T,row.names = 1)
head(datos11)
## Podredumbres Moho Sanos
## Control 47 55 648
## Biofruit 500 ppm 10 78 662
## Biofruit 100 ppm 9 93 648
## Timorex 9 64 677
library(FactoMineR)
library("factoextra")
## Welcome! Want to learn more? See two factoextra-related books at https://goo.gl/ve3WBa
res.ca <- CA (datos11, graph = TRUE, axes = c(1,2))
res.ca
## **Results of the Correspondence Analysis (CA)**
## The row variable has 4 categories; the column variable has 3 categories
## The chi square of independence between the two variables is equal to 69.09364 (p-value = 6.272242e-13 ).
## *The results are available in the following objects:
##
## name description
## 1 "$eig" "eigenvalues"
## 2 "$col" "results for the columns"
## 3 "$col$coord" "coord. for the columns"
## 4 "$col$cos2" "cos2 for the columns"
## 5 "$col$contrib" "contributions of the columns"
## 6 "$row" "results for the rows"
## 7 "$row$coord" "coord. for the rows"
## 8 "$row$cos2" "cos2 for the rows"
## 9 "$row$contrib" "contributions of the rows"
## 10 "$call" "summary called parameters"
## 11 "$call$marge.col" "weights of the columns"
## 12 "$call$marge.row" "weights of the rows"
Trat<-rep(c("1control", "3BioF500", "2BioF100", "4Timorex"),c(750,750,750,750))
Estado<-c(rep(c("Podredumbres","Moho","Sano"),c(47,55,648)),
rep(c("Podredumbres","Moho","Sano"),c(10,78,662)),
rep(c("Podredumbres","Moho","Sano"),c(9,93,648)),
rep(c("Podredumbres","Moho","Sano"),c(9,64,677)))
datos_wide<-data.frame(Trat, Estado)
### Tabla
head(datos_wide)
## Trat Estado
## 1 1control Podredumbres
## 2 1control Podredumbres
## 3 1control Podredumbres
## 4 1control Podredumbres
## 5 1control Podredumbres
## 6 1control Podredumbres
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
Tratgroup <- group_by(datos_wide, Trat, Estado) %>% summarise(count=n()) %>%
group_by(Trat) %>% mutate(etotal=sum(count), proportion= count/etotal)
## `summarise()` regrouping output by 'Trat' (override with `.groups` argument)
ggplot(Tratgroup, aes(x=Trat, y=proportion, group=Estado, linetype=Estado,))+geom_line()
library(nnet)
##
datos_wide$Estado <- ordered(datos_wide$Estado,
levels = c("Sano","Moho","Podredumbres"))
##
datos_wide$Trat <- factor(datos_wide$Trat , ordered =F)
##
##
mmod <- multinom(Estado~ Trat, datos_wide)
## # weights: 15 (8 variable)
## initial value 3295.836866
## iter 10 value 1506.959396
## iter 20 value 1266.743017
## final value 1266.268313
## converged
summary(mmod)
## Call:
## multinom(formula = Estado ~ Trat, data = datos_wide)
##
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept) Trat2BioF100 Trat3BioF500 Trat4Timorex
## Moho -2.466558 0.5252672 0.3280019 0.1077704
## Podredumbres -2.623743 -1.6529224 -1.5689369 -1.6967015
##
## Std. Errors:
## (Intercept) Trat2BioF100 Trat3BioF500 Trat4Timorex
## Moho 0.1404459 0.178944 0.1845430 0.191904
## Podredumbres 0.1510622 0.368068 0.3526051 0.367978
##
## Residual Deviance: 2532.537
## AIC: 2548.537
conting<-read.csv2("contingencia.csv")
library(abd) #para la función as.xtab
conting<-as.xtabs(conting);conting
## variable.2
## variable.1 Control Biofruit.500.ppm Biofruit.100.ppm Timorex
## Podr 47 10 14 15
## San 703 740 736 735
summary(conting)
## Number of cases in table: 3000
## Number of factors: 2
## Test for independence of all factors:
## Chisq = 42.19, df = 3, p-value = 3.663e-09
mosaicplot(t(conting),color = T,main = "Estado vs Tratamiento")
conting2<-read.csv2("ContingEsp.csv")
library(abd) #para la función as.xtab
conting2<-as.xtabs(conting2); conting2
## variable.2
## variable.1 Botrytis Penicillium Alternaria Sanos
## Control 23 2 22 726
## Biofruit 500 ppm 6 0 4 746
## Biofruit 100 ppm 5 2 7 741
## Timorex 7 2 6 742
summary(conting2)
## Number of cases in table: 3041
## Number of factors: 2
## Test for independence of all factors:
## Chisq = 43.92, df = 9, p-value = 1.459e-06
## Chi-squared approximation may be incorrect
mosaicplot(conting2,color = T,main = "Estado por especie vs Tratamiento",cex.axis = 0.5)
##################################################
mosaicplot(conting2[,-4],color = T,main = "Especie vs Tratamiento",cex.axis = 0.5)
library(FactoMineR)
library("factoextra")
res2.ca <- CA (conting2, graph = TRUE, axes = c(1:2))
bines<-read.csv2("FreBin.csv")
head(bines)
## Podredumbres Sanos Yprop Tratamiento Botrytis Penicillium Alternaria Resto
## 1 15 235 0.060 1Control 8 1 6 242
## 2 14 236 0.056 1Control 6 0 8 244
## 3 18 232 0.072 1Control 9 1 8 241
## 4 5 245 0.020 2Biofruit500 3 0 2 247
## 5 1 249 0.004 2Biofruit500 1 0 0 249
## 6 4 246 0.016 2Biofruit500 2 0 2 248
str(bines)
## 'data.frame': 12 obs. of 8 variables:
## $ Podredumbres: int 15 14 18 5 1 4 5 4 5 6 ...
## $ Sanos : int 235 236 232 245 249 246 245 246 245 244 ...
## $ Yprop : num 0.06 0.056 0.072 0.02 0.004 0.016 0.02 0.016 0.02 0.024 ...
## $ Tratamiento : Factor w/ 4 levels "1Control","2Biofruit500",..: 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 ...
## $ Botrytis : int 8 6 9 3 1 2 2 1 2 2 ...
## $ Penicillium : int 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 ...
## $ Alternaria : int 6 8 8 2 0 2 3 1 3 3 ...
## $ Resto : int 242 244 241 247 249 248 248 249 248 248 ...
summary(bines)
## Podredumbres Sanos Yprop Tratamiento
## Min. : 1.000 Min. :232.0 Min. :0.00400 1Control :3
## 1st Qu.: 4.000 1st Qu.:242.0 1st Qu.:0.01600 2Biofruit500:3
## Median : 5.000 Median :245.0 Median :0.02000 3Biofruit100:3
## Mean : 7.167 Mean :242.8 Mean :0.02867 4Timorex :3
## 3rd Qu.: 8.000 3rd Qu.:246.0 3rd Qu.:0.03200
## Max. :18.000 Max. :249.0 Max. :0.07200
## Botrytis Penicillium Alternaria Resto
## Min. :1.000 Min. :0.0 Min. :0.00 Min. :241.0
## 1st Qu.:2.000 1st Qu.:0.0 1st Qu.:1.75 1st Qu.:246.2
## Median :2.000 Median :0.0 Median :2.50 Median :248.0
## Mean :3.417 Mean :0.5 Mean :3.25 Mean :246.6
## 3rd Qu.:3.750 3rd Qu.:1.0 3rd Qu.:3.75 3rd Qu.:248.0
## Max. :9.000 Max. :2.0 Max. :8.00 Max. :249.0
plot(Podredumbres/250~Tratamiento,bines,main="Proporción de Podridos por tratamiento", xlab="Tratamiento", ylab = "Prob Podr")
Mod_logit<-glm(cbind(Podredumbres,Sanos)~Tratamiento,data = bines,family = binomial(link = logit))
summary(Mod_logit)
##
## Call:
## glm(formula = cbind(Podredumbres, Sanos) ~ Tratamiento, family = binomial(link = logit),
## data = bines)
##
## Deviance Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.5102 -0.3501 0.0770 0.3769 0.8559
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) -2.7052 0.1507 -17.955 < 2e-16 ***
## Tratamiento2Biofruit500 -1.5989 0.3522 -4.540 5.64e-06 ***
## Tratamiento3Biofruit100 -1.2570 0.3090 -4.068 4.75e-05 ***
## Tratamiento4Timorex -1.1866 0.3012 -3.940 8.16e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
##
## Null deviance: 40.8960 on 11 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 4.2818 on 8 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 55.091
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
deviance(Mod_logit)
## [1] 4.28182
anova(Mod_logit, test = "Chisq")
## Analysis of Deviance Table
##
## Model: binomial, link: logit
##
## Response: cbind(Podredumbres, Sanos)
##
## Terms added sequentially (first to last)
##
##
## Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev Pr(>Chi)
## NULL 11 40.896
## Tratamiento 3 36.614 8 4.282 5.553e-08 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
round(exp(coef(Mod_logit)),3)
## (Intercept) Tratamiento2Biofruit500 Tratamiento3Biofruit100
## 0.067 0.202 0.285
## Tratamiento4Timorex
## 0.305
plot(Botrytis/250~Tratamiento,bines,main="Proporción de Botrytis por tratamiento", xlab="Tratamiento", ylab = "Prob Botrytis")
ModB_logit<-glm(cbind(Botrytis,Resto)~Tratamiento,data = bines,family = binomial(link = logit))
summary(ModB_logit)
##
## Call:
## glm(formula = cbind(Botrytis, Resto) ~ Tratamiento, family = binomial(link = logit),
## data = bines)
##
## Deviance Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.78596 -0.30853 0.06072 0.29333 0.66093
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) -3.4534 0.2118 -16.306 < 2e-16 ***
## Tratamiento2Biofruit500 -1.3668 0.4614 -2.963 0.00305 **
## Tratamiento3Biofruit100 -1.5505 0.4962 -3.125 0.00178 **
## Tratamiento4Timorex -1.2114 0.4348 -2.786 0.00534 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
##
## Null deviance: 20.9475 on 11 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 2.4164 on 8 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 44.952
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
anova(ModB_logit, test = "Chisq")
## Analysis of Deviance Table
##
## Model: binomial, link: logit
##
## Response: cbind(Botrytis, Resto)
##
## Terms added sequentially (first to last)
##
##
## Df Deviance Resid. Df Resid. Dev Pr(>Chi)
## NULL 11 20.9475
## Tratamiento 3 18.531 8 2.4164 0.0003418 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
round(exp(coef(ModB_logit)),3)
## (Intercept) Tratamiento2Biofruit500 Tratamiento3Biofruit100
## 0.032 0.255 0.212
## Tratamiento4Timorex
## 0.298