Variable Overall, N = 26,5391 *Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula p-value2
CR-POPF, N = 4,5101 No CR-POPF, N = 22,0291
ISGPS Criteria <0.001
Biochemical Leak 385 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 385 (1.7%)
ISGPS Grade B 4,271 (16%) 4,271 (95%) 0 (0%)
ISGPS Grade C 239 (0.9%) 239 (5.3%) 0 (0%)
No Fistula 21,644 (82%) 0 (0%) 21,644 (98%)
Age 65.00 (56.00, 73.00) 64.00 (55.00, 71.00) 66.00 (57.00, 73.00) <0.001
Sex <0.001
female 13,138 (50%) 2,009 (45%) 11,129 (51%)
male 13,401 (50%) 2,501 (55%) 10,900 (49%)
BMI 26.92 (23.56, 31.01) 28.28 (24.67, 32.61) 26.62 (23.33, 30.68) <0.001
Race 0.001
Black 2,261 (9.7%) 314 (8.2%) 1,947 (10%)
Other 1,240 (5.3%) 218 (5.7%) 1,022 (5.3%)
White 19,691 (85%) 3,313 (86%) 16,378 (85%)
Unknown 3,347 665 2,682
Gland Texture <0.001
Hard 6,400 (39%) 566 (20%) 5,834 (43%)
Intermediate 1,923 (12%) 264 (9.4%) 1,659 (12%)
Soft 8,194 (50%) 1,983 (70%) 6,211 (45%)
Unknown 10,022 1,697 8,325
Pancreatic Duct Diameter <0.001
<3 mm 5,540 (35%) 1,281 (49%) 4,259 (33%)
>6 mm 2,582 (16%) 248 (9.4%) 2,334 (18%)
3-6 mm 7,584 (48%) 1,096 (42%) 6,488 (50%)
Unknown 10,833 1,885 8,948
Diabetes 6,847 (26%) 961 (21%) 5,886 (27%) <0.001
Preop Chemotherapy 4,348 (16%) 436 (9.7%) 3,912 (18%) <0.001
Unknown 74 10 64
Preop Radiation 1,699 (6.4%) 131 (2.9%) 1,568 (7.1%) <0.001
Unknown 93 10 83
Pathology
Ampullary carcinoma 1,252 (7.1%) 311 (11%) 941 (6.3%)
Cystadenocarcinoma 20 (0.1%) 3 (0.1%) 17 (0.1%)
Distal cholangiocarcinoma 476 (2.7%) 134 (4.7%) 342 (2.3%)
Duodenal carcinoma 522 (3.0%) 136 (4.8%) 386 (2.6%)
IPMN-invasive 553 (3.1%) 70 (2.5%) 483 (3.3%)
Neuroendocrine-functioning 667 (3.8%) 160 (5.7%) 507 (3.4%)
Neuroendocrine-nonfunctioning 2,317 (13%) 525 (19%) 1,792 (12%)
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma 11,875 (67%) 1,487 (53%) 10,388 (70%)
Unknown 8,857 1,684 7,173
ASA Classification 0.033
I-II 6,562 (25%) 1,171 (26%) 5,391 (25%)
III-IV 19,939 (75%) 3,329 (74%) 16,610 (75%)
Unknown 38 10 28
Mortality 337 (1.3%) 85 (1.9%) 252 (1.1%) <0.001
Preop Bilirubin 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) 0.83
Unknown 2,178 404 1,774
Serious Complication 6,365 (24%) 2,567 (57%) 3,798 (17%) <0.001
Any Complication 7,376 (28%) 2,726 (60%) 4,650 (21%) <0.001

1 Statistics presented: n (%); Median (IQR)

2 Statistical tests performed: chi-square test of independence; Wilcoxon rank-sum test