class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Descriptive Analysis ## <a href="https://github.com/worldbank">R for Advanced Stata Users</a> ### Luiza Andrade, Leonardo Viotti, Rob Marty, Rony Rodriguez, Luis Eduardo San Martin ### DIME |The World Bank <br> 30 November 2020 --- # Workflows for outputs ## .red[Not reproducible] Anything that requires <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#ac142a;" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M128 184c0-30.879 25.122-56 56-56h136V56c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24h-80.61C204.306 12.89 183.637 0 160 0s-44.306 12.89-55.39 32H24C10.745 32 0 42.745 0 56v336c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h104V184zm32-144c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24 10.745-24 24-24zm184 248h104v200c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H184c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V184c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h136v104c0 13.2 10.8 24 24 24zm104-38.059V256h-96v-96h6.059a24 24 0 0 1 16.97 7.029l65.941 65.941a24.002 24.002 0 0 1 7.03 16.971z"/></svg> Copy-pasting <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#ac142a;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M167.02 309.34c-40.12 2.58-76.53 17.86-97.19 72.3-2.35 6.21-8 9.98-14.59 9.98-11.11 0-45.46-27.67-55.25-34.35C0 439.62 37.93 512 128 512c75.86 0 128-43.77 128-120.19 0-3.11-.65-6.08-.97-9.13l-88.01-73.34zM457.89 0c-15.16 0-29.37 6.71-40.21 16.45C213.27 199.05 192 203.34 192 257.09c0 13.7 3.25 26.76 8.73 38.7l63.82 53.18c7.21 1.8 14.64 3.03 22.39 3.03 62.11 0 98.11-45.47 211.16-256.46 7.38-14.35 13.9-29.85 13.9-45.99C512 20.64 486 0 457.89 0z"/></svg> Manual formatting after exported -- ## .green[Reproducible] <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#046307;" viewBox="0 0 581 512"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg> R Markdown: dynamic document containing code and text that is exported directly from R into PDF, HTML, Word, Power Point and other formats <svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#046307;" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path d="M224 136V0H24C10.7 0 0 10.7 0 24v464c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h336c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V160H248c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm64 236c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H108c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-8c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h168c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v8zm0-64c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H108c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-8c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h168c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v8zm0-72v8c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H108c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-8c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h168c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12zm96-114.1v6.1H256V0h6.1c6.4 0 12.5 2.5 17 7l97.9 98c4.5 4.5 7 10.6 7 16.9z"/></svg> LaTeX: typesetting system used for scientific publications that automatically reloads tables and figures every time the document is rendered ??? What is NOT reproducible? Anything that requires manual steps to update results in your final document after you update the data or the exact specification. This includes the terrible practice of printing results in the console and pasting them into Word, but also the much less terrible practice of exporting results to Excel and then manually formatting them and copying into Word. Can someone tell me why these are not ideal practices? The two best options to combine with R in terms of reproducibility are Markdown and LaTeX. Markdown is R's dyamic document framework and it's amazingly well developed. Most R advanced R users actually use Markdown to display their results instead of exporting tables and figures. I'm going to show you what that looks like, but this is a slightly more advanced topic that will not be covered on this course. LaTeX, on the other hand, is widely used among non-R users, and there are plenty of packages to export tables to it in Stata as well. But that's enough of me talking. Let's get you all to run some code