Public Health and Economical Impact by Storms and Weather events
MT
11/26/2020
Sypnosis
Basing the storms and other severe weather events collected, we had observed that it can cause very sepecfic areas to have great impact. The analysis had shown that weather event such as tornado can have great impact on public’s health, with a high fatality and injury incidences. While for the economics, flood seems to be the one that would cause the most damage for crop and properties, leading to high cost expenditure to repair the damages.
Loading of Raw Data
Storm data was obtained with documentation and more info supplied to help understand the abbreviation and codes used in the dataset.
download.file("https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/repdata%2Fdata%2FStormData.csv.bz2", destfile = "stormdata.csv.bz2")
stormdata<- read.csv("stormdata.csv.bz2")#Research Question 1. Across the United States, which types of events (as indicated in the EVTYPE variable) are most harmful with respect to population health? 2. Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences?
Exploring Dataset and Identification of Column of Interest.
The dataset were examined to determine the column of interest.
head(stormdata)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE EVTYPE
## 1 1 4/18/1950 0:00:00 0130 CST 97 MOBILE AL TORNADO
## 2 1 4/18/1950 0:00:00 0145 CST 3 BALDWIN AL TORNADO
## 3 1 2/20/1951 0:00:00 1600 CST 57 FAYETTE AL TORNADO
## 4 1 6/8/1951 0:00:00 0900 CST 89 MADISON AL TORNADO
## 5 1 11/15/1951 0:00:00 1500 CST 43 CULLMAN AL TORNADO
## 6 1 11/15/1951 0:00:00 2000 CST 77 LAUDERDALE AL TORNADO
## BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN
## 1 0 0 NA
## 2 0 0 NA
## 3 0 0 NA
## 4 0 0 NA
## 5 0 0 NA
## 6 0 0 NA
## END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG
## 1 0 14.0 100 3 0 0 15 25.0
## 2 0 2.0 150 2 0 0 0 2.5
## 3 0 0.1 123 2 0 0 2 25.0
## 4 0 0.0 100 2 0 0 2 2.5
## 5 0 0.0 150 2 0 0 2 2.5
## 6 0 1.5 177 2 0 0 6 2.5
## PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO STATEOFFIC ZONENAMES LATITUDE LONGITUDE
## 1 K 0 3040 8812
## 2 K 0 3042 8755
## 3 K 0 3340 8742
## 4 K 0 3458 8626
## 5 K 0 3412 8642
## 6 K 0 3450 8748
## LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_ REMARKS REFNUM
## 1 3051 8806 1
## 2 0 0 2
## 3 0 0 3
## 4 0 0 4
## 5 0 0 5
## 6 0 0 6str(stormdata)## 'data.frame': 902297 obs. of 37 variables:
## $ STATE__ : num 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ BGN_DATE : chr "4/18/1950 0:00:00" "4/18/1950 0:00:00" "2/20/1951 0:00:00" "6/8/1951 0:00:00" ...
## $ BGN_TIME : chr "0130" "0145" "1600" "0900" ...
## $ TIME_ZONE : chr "CST" "CST" "CST" "CST" ...
## $ COUNTY : num 97 3 57 89 43 77 9 123 125 57 ...
## $ COUNTYNAME: chr "MOBILE" "BALDWIN" "FAYETTE" "MADISON" ...
## $ STATE : chr "AL" "AL" "AL" "AL" ...
## $ EVTYPE : chr "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" ...
## $ BGN_RANGE : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ BGN_AZI : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ BGN_LOCATI: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ END_DATE : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ END_TIME : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ COUNTY_END: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ COUNTYENDN: logi NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ END_RANGE : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ END_AZI : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ END_LOCATI: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ LENGTH : num 14 2 0.1 0 0 1.5 1.5 0 3.3 2.3 ...
## $ WIDTH : num 100 150 123 100 150 177 33 33 100 100 ...
## $ F : int 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 ...
## $ MAG : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ FATALITIES: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
## $ INJURIES : num 15 0 2 2 2 6 1 0 14 0 ...
## $ PROPDMG : num 25 2.5 25 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 25 ...
## $ PROPDMGEXP: chr "K" "K" "K" "K" ...
## $ CROPDMG : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ CROPDMGEXP: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ WFO : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ STATEOFFIC: chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ ZONENAMES : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ LATITUDE : num 3040 3042 3340 3458 3412 ...
## $ LONGITUDE : num 8812 8755 8742 8626 8642 ...
## $ LATITUDE_E: num 3051 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ LONGITUDE_: num 8806 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ REMARKS : chr "" "" "" "" ...
## $ REFNUM : num 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...dim(stormdata)## [1] 902297 37The following variables were identified as interest:
Health variables: (1) FATALITIES: approx. number of deaths, (2) INJURIES: approx. number of injuries Economical variables: (1) PROPDMG: approx. cost of property damages, (2) PRODMGEXP: UNIT for cost of property damages, (3)CROPDMG: approx. cost crop damages, (4)CROPDMGEXP: UNIT of cost for crop damages Event types variables: (1)EVTYPE: weather event that took place
#Data Tidying for Analysis ## Data Processing
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(plyr)## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------## You have loaded plyr after dplyr - this is likely to cause problems.
## If you need functions from both plyr and dplyr, please load plyr first, then dplyr:
## library(plyr); library(dplyr)## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------##
## Attaching package: 'plyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## arrange, count, desc, failwith, id, mutate, rename, summarise,
## summarizelibrary(magrittr)
data<- stormdata %>% select(EVTYPE, FATALITIES, INJURIES, PROPDMG, PROPDMGEXP, CROPDMG, CROPDMGEXP)
# %>%group_by(EVTYPE)
# %>% summarise_each(funs(sum))
# %>% arrange(desc(FATALITIES))
head(data)## EVTYPE FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP
## 1 TORNADO 0 15 25.0 K 0
## 2 TORNADO 0 0 2.5 K 0
## 3 TORNADO 0 2 25.0 K 0
## 4 TORNADO 0 2 2.5 K 0
## 5 TORNADO 0 2 2.5 K 0
## 6 TORNADO 0 6 2.5 K 0# sapply(x,unique) were used to identify unique observations in each varible.
sapply(data, unique)## $EVTYPE
## [1] "TORNADO" "TSTM WIND"
## [3] "HAIL" "FREEZING RAIN"
## [5] "SNOW" "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD"
## [7] "SNOW/ICE" "WINTER STORM"
## [9] "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [11] "RECORD COLD" "HURRICANE ERIN"
## [13] "HURRICANE OPAL" "HEAVY RAIN"
## [15] "LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [17] "DENSE FOG" "RIP CURRENT"
## [19] "THUNDERSTORM WINS" "FLASH FLOOD"
## [21] "FLASH FLOODING" "HIGH WINDS"
## [23] "FUNNEL CLOUD" "TORNADO F0"
## [25] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [27] "HEAT" "WIND"
## [29] "LIGHTING" "HEAVY RAINS"
## [31] "LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN" "FUNNEL"
## [33] "WALL CLOUD" "FLOODING"
## [35] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "FLOOD"
## [37] "COLD" "HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING"
## [39] "FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI" "WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [41] "THUNDERSTORM" "WATERSPOUT"
## [43] "EXTREME COLD" "HAIL 1.75)"
## [45] "LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN" "HIGH WIND"
## [47] "BLIZZARD" "BLIZZARD WEATHER"
## [49] "WIND CHILL" "BREAKUP FLOODING"
## [51] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD" "RIVER FLOOD"
## [53] "HEAVY SNOW" "FREEZE"
## [55] "COASTAL FLOOD" "HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES"
## [57] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA" "HIGH TIDES"
## [59] "HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW" "RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND"
## [61] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE" "RECORD HIGH"
## [63] "HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS" "HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD"
## [65] "ICE STORM" "BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND"
## [67] "HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH"
## [69] "RECORD LOW" "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL"
## [71] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING" "LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD"
## [73] "AVALANCHE" "MARINE MISHAP"
## [75] "WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD"
## [77] "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL" "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW"
## [79] "HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD" "FLOOD WATCH/"
## [81] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES" "HIGH WIND/SEAS"
## [83] "HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "HIGH SEAS"
## [85] "SEVERE TURBULENCE" "RECORD RAINFALL"
## [87] "RECORD SNOWFALL" "RECORD WARMTH"
## [89] "HEAVY SNOW/WIND" "EXTREME HEAT"
## [91] "WIND DAMAGE" "DUST STORM"
## [93] "APACHE COUNTY" "SLEET"
## [95] "HAIL STORM" "FUNNEL CLOUDS"
## [97] "FLASH FLOODS" "DUST DEVIL"
## [99] "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU"
## [101] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND" "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [103] "GUSTY WINDS" "STRONG WINDS"
## [105] "FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN" "SNOW AND WIND"
## [107] "HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAVY SURF"
## [109] "HEAVY PRECIPATATION" "URBAN FLOODING"
## [111] "HIGH SURF" "BLOWING DUST"
## [113] "URBAN/SMALL" "WILD FIRES"
## [115] "HIGH" "URBAN/SMALL FLOODING"
## [117] "WATER SPOUT" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [119] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "LOCAL FLOOD"
## [121] "WINTER STORMS" "MUDSLIDES"
## [123] "RAINSTORM" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM"
## [125] "SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [127] "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST"
## [129] "FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [131] "WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST 61"
## [133] "THUNDERSTORMS" "FLASH FLOOD WINDS"
## [135] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING" "MICROBURST"
## [137] "STRONG WIND" "HIGH WIND DAMAGE"
## [139] "STREAM FLOODING" "URBAN AND SMALL"
## [141] "HEAVY SNOWPACK" "ICE"
## [143] "FLASH FLOOD/" "DOWNBURST"
## [145] "GUSTNADO AND" "FLOOD/RAIN/WIND"
## [147] "WET MICROBURST" "DOWNBURST WINDS"
## [149] "DRY MICROBURST WINDS" "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS"
## [151] "DRY MICROBURST 53" "SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD"
## [153] "MICROBURST WINDS" "HIGH WINDS 57"
## [155] "DRY MICROBURST 50" "HIGH WINDS 66"
## [157] "HIGH WINDS 76" "HIGH WINDS 63"
## [159] "HIGH WINDS 67" "BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW"
## [161] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS" "BLOWING SNOW"
## [163] "HIGH WINDS 82" "HIGH WINDS 80"
## [165] "HIGH WINDS 58" "FREEZING DRIZZLE"
## [167] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "DRY MICROBURST 58"
## [169] "HAIL 75" "HIGH WINDS 73"
## [171] "HIGH WINDS 55" "LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET"
## [173] "URBAN FLOOD" "DRY MICROBURST 84"
## [175] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60" "HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING"
## [177] "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "TORNADOS"
## [179] "GLAZE" "RECORD HEAT"
## [181] "COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAT WAVE"
## [183] "FIRST SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET"
## [185] "UNSEASONABLY DRY" "UNSEASONABLY WET"
## [187] "WINTRY MIX" "WINTER WEATHER"
## [189] "UNSEASONABLY COLD" "EXTREME/RECORD COLD"
## [191] "RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF" "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW"
## [193] "UNSEASONABLY WARM" "DROUGHT"
## [195] "NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING"
## [197] "DRY" "RAIN/SNOW"
## [199] "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET" "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO"
## [201] "WATERSPOUTS" "WATERSPOUT TORNADO"
## [203] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "STORM SURGE"
## [205] "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT-"
## [207] "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL" "TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO"
## [209] "TROPICAL STORM" "TROPICAL STORM GORDON"
## [211] "TROPICAL STORM JERRY" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [213] "WAYTERSPOUT" "MINOR FLOODING"
## [215] "LIGHTNING INJURY" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [217] "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53"
## [219] "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM"
## [221] "WILDFIRE" "DAMAGING FREEZE"
## [223] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13" "SMALL HAIL"
## [225] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND" "HURRICANE"
## [227] "WILD/FOREST FIRE" "SMALL STREAM FLOODING"
## [229] "MUD SLIDE" "LIGNTNING"
## [231] "FROST" "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW"
## [233] "HIGH WINDS/" "THUNDERSNOW"
## [235] "FLOODS" "EXTREME WIND CHILLS"
## [237] "COOL AND WET" "HEAVY RAIN/SNOW"
## [239] "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN" "SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD"
## [241] "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "SEVERE COLD"
## [243] "GLAZE ICE" "COLD WAVE"
## [245] "EARLY SNOW" "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD"
## [247] "HIGH WINDS" "RURAL FLOOD"
## [249] "SMALL STREAM AND" "MUD SLIDES"
## [251] "HAIL 80" "EXTREME WIND CHILL"
## [253] "COLD AND WET CONDITIONS" "EXCESSIVE WETNESS"
## [255] "GRADIENT WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [257] "SLEET/ICE STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD"
## [259] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA" "ROTATING WALL CLOUD"
## [261] "LARGE WALL CLOUD" "COLD AIR FUNNEL"
## [263] "GUSTNADO" "COLD AIR FUNNELS"
## [265] "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI" "SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [267] "GROUND BLIZZARD" "MAJOR FLOOD"
## [269] "SNOW/HEAVY SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN/SLEET"
## [271] "ICE JAM FLOODING" "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL"
## [273] "STREET FLOOD" "COLD AIR TORNADO"
## [275] "SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "FOG"
## [277] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2" "FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL"
## [279] "ICE/SNOW" "TSTM WIND 51"
## [281] "TSTM WIND 50" "TSTM WIND 52"
## [283] "TSTM WIND 55" "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD"
## [285] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61" "HAIL 0.75"
## [287] "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE" "THUNDERTORM WINDS"
## [289] "HAIL 1.00" "HAIL/WINDS"
## [291] "SNOW AND ICE" "WIND STORM"
## [293] "SNOWSTORM" "GRASS FIRES"
## [295] "LAKE FLOOD" "PROLONG COLD"
## [297] "HAIL/WIND" "HAIL 1.75"
## [299] "THUNDERSTORMW 50" "WIND/HAIL"
## [301] "SNOW AND ICE STORM" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN"
## [303] "THUNDERSTORMS WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [305] "HEAVY SNOW/SLEET" "AGRICULTURAL FREEZE"
## [307] "DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT" "TUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [309] "TROPICAL STORM DEAN" "THUNDERTSORM WIND"
## [311] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING"
## [313] "HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER" "THUNDESTORM WINDS"
## [315] "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO" "LIGHTNING."
## [317] "WARM DRY CONDITIONS" "HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS"
## [319] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM" "RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD"
## [321] "HIGH WIND 63" "COASTAL SURGE"
## [323] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "MINOR FLOOD"
## [325] "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD" "RAIN"
## [327] "RIVER FLOODING" "SNOW/RAIN"
## [329] "ICE FLOES" "HIGH WAVES"
## [331] "SNOW SQUALLS" "SNOW SQUALL"
## [333] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G50" "LIGHTNING FIRE"
## [335] "BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN" "HEAVY LAKE SNOW"
## [337] "HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN" "LAKE EFFECT SNOW"
## [339] "HEAVY WET SNOW" "DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT"
## [341] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "THUNDERSTROM WINDS"
## [343] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN" "HAIL 225"
## [345] "BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE"
## [347] "ICE STORM AND SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW"
## [349] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE" "BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [351] "LOW WIND CHILL" "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH"
## [353] "WATERSPOUT/" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM"
## [355] "TORNADO F3" "FUNNEL CLOUD."
## [357] "TORNDAO" "HAIL 0.88"
## [359] "FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD" "MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING"
## [361] "TORNADO F1" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G"
## [363] "DEEP HAIL" "GLAZE/ICE STORM"
## [365] "HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM" "AVALANCE"
## [367] "BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [369] "ICE JAM" "FOREST FIRES"
## [371] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G60" "FROST\\FREEZE"
## [373] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS." "HAIL 88"
## [375] "HAIL 175" "HVY RAIN"
## [377] "HAIL 100" "HAIL 150"
## [379] "HAIL 075" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G55"
## [381] "HAIL 125" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60"
## [383] "HARD FREEZE" "HAIL 200"
## [385] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62"
## [387] "WILDFIRES" "RECORD HEAT WAVE"
## [389] "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD"
## [391] "HAIL FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD"
## [393] "HIGH WIND 70" "WET SNOW"
## [395] "HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD" "LOCAL FLASH FLOOD"
## [397] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53" "FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING"
## [399] "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT" "RAIN AND WIND"
## [401] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 52"
## [403] "COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD" "SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [405] "BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF"
## [407] "FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD" "EXCESSIVE RAIN"
## [409] "RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT" "HEAT WAVES"
## [411] "LIGHT SNOW" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 69"
## [413] "HAIL DAMAGE" "LIGHTNING DAMAGE"
## [415] "RECORD TEMPERATURES" "LIGHTNING AND WINDS"
## [417] "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES" "OTHER"
## [419] "RECORD SNOW" "SNOW/COLD"
## [421] "FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS" "TSTM WIND G58"
## [423] "MUDSLIDE" "HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS"
## [425] "HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS" "HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS"
## [427] "ICY ROADS" "HEAVY MIX"
## [429] "SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "LACK OF SNOW"
## [431] "SNOW/SLEET" "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [433] "SNOW DROUGHT" "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS"
## [435] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH"
## [437] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING"
## [439] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES"
## [441] "TORRENTIAL RAIN" "TORNADO F2"
## [443] "RIP CURRENTS" "HURRICANE EMILY"
## [445] "HURRICANE GORDON" "HURRICANE FELIX"
## [447] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH"
## [449] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE" "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO"
## [451] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH" "FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN"
## [453] "THUNDERSTORM WIND." "FLASH FLOOD/ STREET"
## [455] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH." "HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN"
## [457] "DAM FAILURE" "THUNDERSTORM HAIL"
## [459] "HAIL 088" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [461] "LIGHTNING WAUSEON" "THUDERSTORM WINDS"
## [463] "ICE AND SNOW" "RECORD COLD/FROST"
## [465] "STORM FORCE WINDS" "FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW"
## [467] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND" "SOUTHEAST"
## [469] "HEAVY SNOW & ICE" "FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING"
## [471] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "HAIL/ICY ROADS"
## [473] "FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN" "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;"
## [475] "HEAVY PRECIPITATION" "TSTM WIND DAMAGE"
## [477] "HIGH WATER" "FLOOD FLASH"
## [479] "RAIN/WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50"
## [481] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52" "FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH"
## [483] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52" "SNOW SHOWERS"
## [485] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G51" "HEAT WAVE DROUGHT"
## [487] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE" "RECORD SNOW/COLD"
## [489] "WET WEATHER" "UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY"
## [491] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL"
## [493] "TIDAL FLOOD" "BEACH EROSIN"
## [495] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G61" "FLOOD/FLASH"
## [497] "LOW TEMPERATURE" "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN"
## [499] "HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING" "THUNDERESTORM WINDS"
## [501] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING" "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS"
## [503] "HIGHWAY FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM W INDS"
## [505] "HYPOTHERMIA" "FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD"
## [507] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 50" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [509] "HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD" "MUD/ROCK SLIDE"
## [511] "HIGH WINDS/COLD" "BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD"
## [513] "COLD/WINDS" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [515] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 56" "SNOW SLEET"
## [517] "DRY HOT WEATHER" "COLD WEATHER"
## [519] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "HAIL ALOFT"
## [521] "EARLY FREEZE" "ICE/STRONG WINDS"
## [523] "EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [525] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "EARLY FROST"
## [527] "SNOWMELT FLOODING" "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS"
## [529] "SNOW ACCUMULATION" "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [531] "SNOW/ ICE" "SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [533] "TORNADOES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL"
## [535] "FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD" "HAIL 275"
## [537] "HAIL 450" "FLASH FLOOODING"
## [539] "EXCESSIVE RAINFALL" "THUNDERSTORMW"
## [541] "HAILSTORM" "TSTM WINDS"
## [543] "BEACH FLOOD" "HAILSTORMS"
## [545] "TSTMW" "FUNNELS"
## [547] "TSTM WIND 65)" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD"
## [549] "HEAVY RAINFALL" "HEAT/DROUGHT"
## [551] "HEAT DROUGHT" "NEAR RECORD SNOW"
## [553] "LANDSLIDE" "HIGH WIND AND SEAS"
## [555] "THUNDERSTORMWINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [557] "SLEET/SNOW" "EXCESSIVE"
## [559] "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN" "WILD/FOREST FIRES"
## [561] "HEAVY SEAS" "DUSTSTORM"
## [563] "FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN" "?"
## [565] "THUNDERSTROM WIND" "FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD"
## [567] "SNOW AND COLD" "HOT PATTERN"
## [569] "PROLONG COLD/SNOW" "BRUSH FIRES"
## [571] "SNOW\\COLD" "WINTER MIX"
## [573] "EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION" "SNOWFALL RECORD"
## [575] "HOT/DRY PATTERN" "DRY PATTERN"
## [577] "MILD/DRY PATTERN" "MILD PATTERN"
## [579] "LANDSLIDES" "HEAVY SHOWERS"
## [581] "HEAVY SNOW AND" "HIGH WIND 48"
## [583] "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW" "BRUSH FIRE"
## [585] "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD" "URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [587] "SAHARAN DUST" "HEAVY SHOWER"
## [589] "URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE" "HEAVY SWELLS"
## [591] "URBAN SMALL" "URBAN FLOODS"
## [593] "SMALL STREAM" "HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD"
## [595] "FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE" "LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD"
## [597] "HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN" "FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES"
## [599] "EXTREME WINDCHILL" "URBAN/SML STREAM FLD"
## [601] "TSTM WIND/HAIL" "Other"
## [603] "Record dry month" "Temperature record"
## [605] "Minor Flooding" "Ice jam flood (minor"
## [607] "High Wind" "Tstm Wind"
## [609] "ROUGH SURF" "Wind"
## [611] "Heavy Surf" "Dust Devil"
## [613] "Wind Damage" "Marine Accident"
## [615] "Snow" "Freeze"
## [617] "Snow Squalls" "Coastal Flooding"
## [619] "Heavy Rain" "Strong Wind"
## [621] "COASTAL STORM" "COASTALFLOOD"
## [623] "Erosion/Cstl Flood" "Heavy Rain and Wind"
## [625] "Light Snow/Flurries" "Wet Month"
## [627] "Wet Year" "Tidal Flooding"
## [629] "River Flooding" "Damaging Freeze"
## [631] "Beach Erosion" "Hot and Dry"
## [633] "Flood/Flash Flood" "Icy Roads"
## [635] "High Surf" "Heavy Rain/High Surf"
## [637] "Thunderstorm Wind" "Rain Damage"
## [639] "Unseasonable Cold" "Early Frost"
## [641] "Wintry Mix" "blowing snow"
## [643] "STREET FLOODING" "Record Cold"
## [645] "Extreme Cold" "Ice Fog"
## [647] "Excessive Cold" "Torrential Rainfall"
## [649] "Freezing Rain" "Landslump"
## [651] "Late-season Snowfall" "Hurricane Edouard"
## [653] "Coastal Storm" "Flood"
## [655] "HEAVY RAIN/WIND" "TIDAL FLOODING"
## [657] "Winter Weather" "Snow squalls"
## [659] "Strong Winds" "Strong winds"
## [661] "RECORD WARM TEMPS." "Ice/Snow"
## [663] "Mudslide" "Glaze"
## [665] "Extended Cold" "Snow Accumulation"
## [667] "Freezing Fog" "Drifting Snow"
## [669] "Whirlwind" "Heavy snow shower"
## [671] "Heavy rain" "LATE SNOW"
## [673] "Record May Snow" "Record Winter Snow"
## [675] "Heavy Precipitation" " COASTAL FLOOD"
## [677] "Record temperature" "Light snow"
## [679] "Late Season Snowfall" "Gusty Wind"
## [681] "small hail" "Light Snow"
## [683] "MIXED PRECIP" "Black Ice"
## [685] "Mudslides" "Gradient wind"
## [687] "Snow and Ice" "Freezing Spray"
## [689] "Summary Jan 17" "Summary of March 14"
## [691] "Summary of March 23" "Summary of March 24"
## [693] "Summary of April 3rd" "Summary of April 12"
## [695] "Summary of April 13" "Summary of April 21"
## [697] "Summary August 11" "Summary of April 27"
## [699] "Summary of May 9-10" "Summary of May 10"
## [701] "Summary of May 13" "Summary of May 14"
## [703] "Summary of May 22 am" "Summary of May 22 pm"
## [705] "Heatburst" "Summary of May 26 am"
## [707] "Summary of May 26 pm" "Metro Storm, May 26"
## [709] "Summary of May 31 am" "Summary of May 31 pm"
## [711] "Summary of June 3" "Summary of June 4"
## [713] "Summary June 5-6" "Summary June 6"
## [715] "Summary of June 11" "Summary of June 12"
## [717] "Summary of June 13" "Summary of June 15"
## [719] "Summary of June 16" "Summary June 18-19"
## [721] "Summary of June 23" "Summary of June 24"
## [723] "Summary of June 30" "Summary of July 2"
## [725] "Summary of July 3" "Summary of July 11"
## [727] "Summary of July 22" "Summary July 23-24"
## [729] "Summary of July 26" "Summary of July 29"
## [731] "Summary of August 1" "Summary August 2-3"
## [733] "Summary August 7" "Summary August 9"
## [735] "Summary August 10" "Summary August 17"
## [737] "Summary August 21" "Summary August 28"
## [739] "Summary September 4" "Summary September 20"
## [741] "Summary September 23" "Summary Sept. 25-26"
## [743] "Summary: Oct. 20-21" "Summary: October 31"
## [745] "Summary: Nov. 6-7" "Summary: Nov. 16"
## [747] "Microburst" "wet micoburst"
## [749] "Hail(0.75)" "Funnel Cloud"
## [751] "Urban Flooding" "No Severe Weather"
## [753] "Urban flood" "Urban Flood"
## [755] "Cold" "Summary of May 22"
## [757] "Summary of June 6" "Summary August 4"
## [759] "Summary of June 10" "Summary of June 18"
## [761] "Summary September 3" "Summary: Sept. 18"
## [763] "Coastal Flood" "coastal flooding"
## [765] "Small Hail" "Record Temperatures"
## [767] "Light Snowfall" "Freezing Drizzle"
## [769] "Gusty wind/rain" "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN"
## [771] "Blowing Snow" "Early snowfall"
## [773] "Monthly Snowfall" "Record Heat"
## [775] "Seasonal Snowfall" "Monthly Rainfall"
## [777] "Cold Temperature" "Sml Stream Fld"
## [779] "Heat Wave" "MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE"
## [781] "Saharan Dust" "Volcanic Ash"
## [783] "Volcanic Ash Plume" "Thundersnow shower"
## [785] "NONE" "COLD AND SNOW"
## [787] "DAM BREAK" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [789] "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "BLACK ICE"
## [791] "BLOW-OUT TIDES" "UNSEASONABLY COOL"
## [793] "TSTM HEAVY RAIN" "Gusty Winds"
## [795] "GUSTY WIND" "TSTM WIND 40"
## [797] "TSTM WIND 45" "TSTM WIND (41)"
## [799] "TSTM WIND (G40)" "TSTM WND"
## [801] "Wintry mix" " TSTM WIND"
## [803] "Frost" "Frost/Freeze"
## [805] "RAIN (HEAVY)" "Record Warmth"
## [807] "Prolong Cold" "Cold and Frost"
## [809] "URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG" "STRONG WIND GUST"
## [811] "LATE FREEZE" "BLOW-OUT TIDE"
## [813] "Hypothermia/Exposure" "HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE"
## [815] "Lake Effect Snow" "Mixed Precipitation"
## [817] "Record High" "COASTALSTORM"
## [819] "Snow and sleet" "Freezing rain"
## [821] "Gusty winds" "Blizzard Summary"
## [823] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 24-25" "SUMMARY OF MARCH 27"
## [825] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 29" "GRADIENT WIND"
## [827] "Icestorm/Blizzard" "Flood/Strong Wind"
## [829] "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING" "gradient wind"
## [831] "Freezing drizzle" "Mountain Snows"
## [833] "URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG" "Heavy surf and wind"
## [835] "Mild and Dry Pattern" "COLD AND FROST"
## [837] "TYPHOON" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [839] "HIGH SWELLS" "VOLCANIC ASH"
## [841] "DRY SPELL" " LIGHTNING"
## [843] "BEACH EROSION" "UNSEASONAL RAIN"
## [845] "EARLY RAIN" "PROLONGED RAIN"
## [847] "WINTERY MIX" "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [849] "HOT SPELL" "UNSEASONABLY HOT"
## [851] " TSTM WIND (G45)" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [853] "HIGH WIND (G40)" "TSTM WIND (G35)"
## [855] "DRY WEATHER" "ABNORMAL WARMTH"
## [857] "UNUSUAL WARMTH" "WAKE LOW WIND"
## [859] "MONTHLY RAINFALL" "COLD TEMPERATURES"
## [861] "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES" "MODERATE SNOW"
## [863] "MODERATE SNOWFALL" "URBAN/STREET FLOODING"
## [865] "COASTAL EROSION" "UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH"
## [867] "BITTER WIND CHILL" "BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [869] "SEICHE" "TSTM"
## [871] "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION" "UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR"
## [873] "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "ROCK SLIDE"
## [875] "ICE PELLETS" "PATCHY DENSE FOG"
## [877] "RECORD COOL" "RECORD WARM"
## [879] "HOT WEATHER" "RECORD TEMPERATURE"
## [881] "TROPICAL DEPRESSION" "VOLCANIC ERUPTION"
## [883] "COOL SPELL" "WIND ADVISORY"
## [885] "GUSTY WIND/HAIL" "RED FLAG FIRE WX"
## [887] "FIRST FROST" "EXCESSIVELY DRY"
## [889] "SNOW AND SLEET" "LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP"
## [891] "VOG" "MONTHLY PRECIPITATION"
## [893] "MONTHLY TEMPERATURE" "RECORD DRYNESS"
## [895] "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES" "MIXED PRECIPITATION"
## [897] "DRY CONDITIONS" "REMNANTS OF FLOYD"
## [899] "EARLY SNOWFALL" "FREEZING FOG"
## [901] "LANDSPOUT" "DRIEST MONTH"
## [903] "RECORD COLD" "LATE SEASON HAIL"
## [905] "EXCESSIVE SNOW" "DRYNESS"
## [907] "FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD" "WIND AND WAVE"
## [909] "LIGHT FREEZING RAIN" " WIND"
## [911] "MONTHLY SNOWFALL" "RECORD PRECIPITATION"
## [913] "ICE ROADS" "ROUGH SEAS"
## [915] "UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET" "UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET"
## [917] "UNUSUALLY WARM" "TSTM WIND G45"
## [919] "NON SEVERE HAIL" "NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE"
## [921] "UNUSUALLY COLD" "WARM WEATHER"
## [923] "LANDSLUMP" "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)"
## [925] "UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET" " FLASH FLOOD"
## [927] "LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN" "WIND GUSTS"
## [929] "UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP" "HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [931] "LATE SEASON SNOW" "GUSTY LAKE WIND"
## [933] "ABNORMALLY DRY" "WINTER WEATHER MIX"
## [935] "RED FLAG CRITERIA" "WND"
## [937] "CSTL FLOODING/EROSION" "SMOKE"
## [939] " WATERSPOUT" "SNOW ADVISORY"
## [941] "EXTREMELY WET" "UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW"
## [943] "VERY DRY" "RECORD LOW RAINFALL"
## [945] "ROGUE WAVE" "PROLONG WARMTH"
## [947] "ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL" "FALLING SNOW/ICE"
## [949] "DUST DEVEL" "NON-TSTM WIND"
## [951] "NON TSTM WIND" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [953] "PATCHY ICE" "HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS"
## [955] "EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT" "NORTHERN LIGHTS"
## [957] "MARINE TSTM WIND" " HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [959] "HAZARDOUS SURF" "FROST/FREEZE"
## [961] "WINTER WEATHER/MIX" "ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE"
## [963] "WHIRLWIND" "VERY WARM"
## [965] "ABNORMALLY WET" "TORNADO DEBRIS"
## [967] "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL" "ICE ON ROAD"
## [969] "DROWNING" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [971] "MARINE HAIL" "HIGH SURF ADVISORIES"
## [973] "HURRICANE/TYPHOON" "HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF"
## [975] "SLEET STORM" "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
## [977] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [979] "TSUNAMI" "DENSE SMOKE"
## [981] "LAKESHORE FLOOD" "MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [983] "MARINE STRONG WIND" "ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE"
## [985] "VOLCANIC ASHFALL"
##
## $FATALITIES
## [1] 0 1 4 6 7 2 5 25 3 10 14 9 11 23 22 21 50 29 34
## [20] 17 8 18 24 33 31 20 13 75 15 16 90 116 12 38 57 30 37 36
## [39] 114 26 42 27 583 67 19 32 99 74 49 46 44 158
##
## $INJURIES
## [1] 15 0 2 6 1 14 3 26 12 50 8 195 4 20 5
## [16] 200 90 35 7 10 17 18 22 11 25 27 24 88 9 19
## [31] 72 44 47 63 42 60 56 41 29 110 102 80 36 250 49
## [46] 130 30 13 62 23 51 37 16 463 28 40 325 180 39 57
## [61] 270 350 257 112 64 76 100 52 45 500 77 450 21 53 94
## [76] 33 75 300 65 152 34 55 31 115 410 97 69 32 181 58
## [91] 252 560 275 38 175 73 138 172 156 43 91 177 59 150 70
## [106] 225 85 165 266 1228 68 785 116 224 142 79 87 108 504 140
## [121] 78 123 192 342 411 154 98 176 170 216 101 118 280 74 153
## [136] 105 103 207 240 1150 190 46 81 135 95 120 82 166 137 159
## [151] 597 111 67 1700 121 54 71 89 385 230 1568 185 129 48 109
## [166] 246 258 145 96 122 83 143 61 600 800 550 125 750 119 241
## [181] 397 160 293 234 106 144 316 93 66 780 92 104 215 437 306
## [196] 519 136 700 223 210
##
## $PROPDMG
## [1] 25.00 2.50 250.00 0.00 0.03 0.25 5.00 0.10 50.00
## [10] 500.00 48.00 20.00 2.00 35.00 3.00 0.50 900.00 1.00
## [19] 4.00 10.00 1.50 45.00 0.20 12.00 8.00 22.00 55.00
## [28] 40.00 14.00 85.00 42.00 15.00 100.00 30.00 0.05 38.00
## [37] 80.00 18.00 0.65 6.00 0.30 24.00 32.00 7.00 28.00
## [46] 70.00 95.00 65.00 0.40 90.00 37.00 200.00 23.00 56.00
## [55] 0.45 7.50 150.00 47.00 4.10 5.50 98.00 1.60 1.30
## [64] 0.01 3.50 0.02 75.00 0.60 4.80 331.00 619.00 60.00
## [73] 0.41 0.84 11.00 1.70 4.50 400.00 17.00 450.00 240.00
## [82] 0.70 300.00 230.00 2.10 0.86 571.00 600.00 2.80 800.00
## [91] 120.00 700.00 275.00 1.10 175.00 204.00 125.00 350.00 6.50
## [100] 135.00 9.00 650.00 0.80 0.90 1.40 3.40 110.00 1.90
## [109] 0.17 3.30 7.70 26.00 7.60 106.00 518.00 88.00 6.40
## [118] 1.20 8.20 8.30 5.40 4.40 270.00 1.80 4.30 140.00
## [127] 130.00 3.80 2.40 750.00 4.90 105.00 850.00 16.00 330.00
## [136] 303.00 34.00 176.00 0.15 0.13 6.70 8.50 0.06 2.20
## [145] 630.00 4.20 5.20 8.70 155.00 2.70 195.00 3.20 180.00
## [154] 8.40 160.00 897.00 132.00 185.00 192.00 61.00 810.00 374.00
## [163] 13.00 118.00 170.00 68.00 475.00 3.60 145.00 260.00 210.00
## [172] 415.00 220.00 115.00 3.90 375.00 460.00 225.00 62.00 0.08
## [181] 0.07 4.60 0.04 325.00 6.60 43.00 675.00 0.35 78.00
## [190] 27.00 67.00 6.20 36.00 53.00 380.00 595.00 1.25 320.00
## [199] 63.00 0.75 12.30 37.40 520.00 31.00 470.00 44.60 44.00
## [208] 13.50 44.70 14.50 21.50 530.00 183.50 12.50 1.84 99.00
## [217] 550.00 52.00 2.90 12.80 1.07 7.20 5.47 594.00 231.00
## [226] 561.00 570.00 2.33 10.20 14.98 1.14 10.75 14.96 41.70
## [235] 5.80 19.00 733.40 680.00 620.00 58.00 18.80 14.20 10.72
## [244] 720.00 1.68 73.00 640.00 7.90 17.80 5.70 9.30 6.55
## [253] 133.00 21.00 29.00 89.00 11.50 41.00 14.40 2.01 310.00
## [262] 140.25 510.00 792.15 14.25 3.37 187.00 3.72 5.09 1.26
## [271] 3.43 352.00 529.00 128.00 5.25 280.00 10.50 71.50 18.97
## [280] 21.10 9.90 17.90 19.50 21.30 20.10 12.71 9.60 42.31
## [289] 4.38 71.00 3.05 670.00 69.00 780.00 490.00 635.00 1.16
## [298] 440.00 324.00 2.03 6.30 0.11 12.60 2.82 560.00 7.51
## [307] 77.00 265.00 78.74 31.50 9.50 4.52 2.41 4.12 21.70
## [316] 16.50 33.00 5.30 480.00 39.50 39.00 54.00 410.00 64.00
## [325] 2.30 60.50 1.76 1.75 30.30 190.00 3.45 215.00 940.00
## [334] 17.70 3.10 114.00 12.90 525.00 214.00 2.95 17.50 2.75
## [343] 536.00 2.25 49.00 1.04 7.80 126.00 2.55 297.08 88.15
## [352] 55.60 207.00 15.20 1.85 11.85 8.45 2.45 5.08 5.05
## [361] 28.50 9.76 693.40 203.00 253.00 37.50 79.98 100.02 0.99
## [370] 49.98 4.96 1.18 1.35 22.88 160.80 57.12 0.51 7.30
## [379] 0.78 9.80 269.00 1.05 56.50 108.00 1.78 219.00 4.26
## [388] 81.00 196.00 107.00 72.00 184.00 425.00 165.00 55.08 6.32
## [397] 3.04 96.00 44.72 102.00 46.00 540.00 0.55 5.10 76.60
## [406] 79.00 917.00 205.00 286.00 147.00 24.70 106.72 4.70 0.66
## [415] 0.12 98.26 19.79 0.76 655.00 585.00 42.40 4.25 385.00
## [424] 770.00 149.00 78.70 5.38 20.40 388.50 151.40 159.00 91.00
## [433] 382.00 174.16 46.80 13.90 20.80 4.29 880.00 29.70 35.90
## [442] 10.30 262.00 365.00 348.00 1.06 87.80 117.00 645.00 25.52
## [451] 437.00 367.00 1.13 284.00 255.00 61.98 161.00 435.00 88.50
## [460] 51.00 312.00 1.02 29.96 229.90 299.88 8.65 8.90 30.70
## [469] 17.30 250.03 1.49 82.00 6.25 32.50 1.65 775.00 218.00
## [478] 31.95 304.00 31.52 30.06 347.00 463.00 766.00 515.00 4.02
## [487] 24.21 34.63 1.11 1.24 86.60 49.34 373.00 502.70 610.00
## [496] 405.00 3.25 315.00 825.00 9.20 17.60 0.85 602.00 2.78
## [505] 16.60 233.00 23.70 26.87 17.03 2.66 1.86 745.00 212.00
## [514] 154.00 575.00 66.00 100.03 22.18 482.00 26.20 13.40 305.00
## [523] 535.00 505.00 24.50 15.50 18.50 54.10 97.00 193.00 99.97
## [532] 360.00 413.50 3.83 166.00 499.92 970.00 172.00 0.21 1.51
## [541] 3.70 287.18 268.00 76.00 5.75 101.00 23.55 5.55 66.50
## [550] 467.00 914.00 3.64 3.13 875.00 3.71 642.00 8.57 3.46
## [559] 19.20 57.00 950.00 845.00 167.00 22.14 4.74 1.72 10.36
## [568] 346.00 245.00 370.00 2.05 227.00 66.90 290.00 13.30 22.20
## [577] 13.80 25.13 4.15 224.00 5.90 13.47 758.00 890.00 186.00
## [586] 690.00 7.55 94.00 1.58 27.50 1.55 2.48 82.50 6.68
## [595] 178.40 138.60 3.15 278.00 2.60 547.00 1.77 960.00 92.00
## [604] 2.77 22.50 431.72 570.45 1.15 358.00 174.40 2.73 3.74
## [613] 500.01 975.00 920.00 499.96 410.62 109.00 2.58 590.00 1.01
## [622] 328.00 910.00 56.54 932.00 4.71 2.52 1.47 20.02 295.00
## [631] 476.00 237.00 738.00 72.70 74.00 6.51 990.00 11.10 7.72
## [640] 99.39 617.00 153.00 870.00 654.00 122.00 148.00 83.00 78.20
## [649] 22.70 662.00 665.00 48.02 47.30 625.00 75.30 130.02 1.27
## [658] 925.00 76.30 127.00 235.00 271.00 378.00 343.00 6.07 755.00
## [667] 285.00 8.43 84.00 3.31 166.50 183.00 557.00 363.00 111.00
## [676] 502.00 59.00 46.50 151.00 103.00 14.60 4.43 74.25 1.88
## [685] 500.40 510.07 116.00 508.00 123.00 229.00 465.00 4.57 10.40
## [694] 32.20 9.25 96.80 583.00 6.05 1.53 6.82 179.50 153.55
## [703] 787.00 501.00 565.00 840.00 777.80 6.06 144.00 7.05 6.10
## [712] 606.00 279.00 16.90 1.46 936.00 382.50 16.05 4.65 1.95
## [721] 420.00 173.00 2.27 17.14 548.00 209.00 112.00 322.20 134.00
## [730] 15.75 955.00 354.00 50.02 1.48 113.00 390.00 815.00 586.00
## [739] 604.00 3.57 1.79 760.00 100.50 146.50 25.50 149.85 33.50
## [748] 1.28 785.00 213.00 1.37 266.00 5.15 3.75 713.00 888.00
## [757] 11.60 6.45 7.45 4.06 1.38 65.50 5.60 988.00 2.16
## [766] 10.05 3.68 830.00 3.78 14.30 45.70 12.70 15.30 3.96
## [775] 158.00 11.18 11.02 142.00 11.65 485.00 308.00 5.74 554.00
## [784] 762.00 9.51 202.00 381.00 93.00 26.50 5.76 15.60 108.63
## [793] 149.58 368.00 820.00 18.54 13.25 13.36 14.26 138.00 479.00
## [802] 5.94 6.75 971.00 8.85 1.61 3.55 45.50 580.00 6.80
## [811] 162.00 335.00 201.00 0.22 968.00 459.00 189.00 16.20 577.00
## [820] 345.00 261.00 4.45 11.15 3.28 1.59 824.00 460.56 1.54
## [829] 806.77 696.40 55.22 278.60 16.96 3.24 979.00 16.10 17.75
## [838] 337.00 9.17 935.00 179.00 257.00 41.60 645.15 39.60 246.00
## [847] 1.34 26.30 19.64 2.35 5.24 2.46 530.47 1.81 161.11
## [856] 21.20 14.70 137.90 725.00 1.29 430.00 2.65 28.55 1.69
## [865] 954.00 710.00 435.60 7.29 534.00 1.33 2.32 3.54 32.22
## [874] 18.05 0.95 493.00 206.00 141.00 2.81 3.92 11.62 5.58
## [883] 13.95 23.23 16.74 9.31 11.16 4.22 8.37 283.00 10.88
## [892] 19.77 21.88 1.45 8.87 3.02 506.00 45.07 55.10 1.82
## [901] 16.87 4.86 44.50 8.60 13.53 12.05 51.50 340.00 104.00
## [910] 19.90 12.20 1.92 8.09 163.50 177.00 143.00 5.42 929.00
## [919] 621.00 4.83 23.50 127.20 179.40 1.74 90.43 379.90 323.00
## [928] 702.00 134.80 2.53 2.19 613.00 5.51 14.28 327.00 2.22
## [937] 758.25 661.00 242.00 3.53 1.43 97.20 136.00 11.83 355.00
## [946] 16.25 6.67 1.23 6.63 10.43 4.51 4.17 3.11 1.03
## [955] 2.36 12.40 8.10 243.00 605.00 54.90 451.00 19.30 10.15
## [964] 30.50 49.94 277.00 5.13 6.14 478.00 23.20 0.81 10.25
## [973] 359.00 2.57 706.00 43.60 8.25 53.80 438.00 1.41 353.00
## [982] 35.55 876.00 915.00 178.00 34.89 2.69 38.50 20.50 198.50
## [991] 868.50 55.90 60.80 1.71 8.80 7.15 6.90 13.15 148.25
## [1000] 9.77 930.00 3.94 270.75 163.00 246.10 50.10 952.50 168.00
## [1009] 11.70 740.00 2.54 4.85 288.00 47.50 16.93 31.30 432.00
## [1018] 5.99 643.00 442.00 545.00 445.00 7.35 11.26 5.88 746.00
## [1027] 701.00 7.64 973.00 724.00 945.00 257.95 19.94 179.61 79.20
## [1036] 42.16 124.90 8.97 1.73 3.65 22.75 1.62 348.10 0.16
## [1045] 86.00 87.00 2.09 159.50 139.00 5.16 592.00 40.50 34.31
## [1054] 171.00 40.20 7.75 411.14 280.10 531.10 9.72 357.00 137.00
## [1063] 249.00 121.70 411.00 1.57 3.47 1.87 146.00 996.00 1.32
## [1072] 552.00 259.00 164.00 524.00 623.00 5.27 10.10 632.00 887.00
## [1081] 294.00 9.06 660.00 995.00 10.80 49.90 94.50 89.50 36.20
## [1090] 28.68 569.00 1.99 4.44 4.36 2.38 3.17 6.34 12.06
## [1099] 542.00 31.90 31.70 31.60 151.10 76.50 208.00 989.00 129.00
## [1108] 434.00 377.00 1.44 1.56 338.00 4.84 21.60 81.15 18.20
## [1117] 314.00 297.00 472.00 41.50 612.00 9.70 62.60 124.00 18.30
## [1126] 556.00 0.18 7.77 823.00 16.70 1.91 11.90 28.20 1.36
## [1135] 2.67 777.00 0.33 0.26 0.36 234.00 2.47 36.25 444.59
## [1144] 431.00 576.00 1.89 121.00 16.80 226.00 684.00 9.75 19.40
## [1153] 2.63 20.20 22.85 9.40 6.74 370.40 366.50 727.00 481.00
## [1162] 274.00 957.00 242.80 639.00 581.00 291.00 4.93 28.40 10.69
## [1171] 7.10 22.60 96.60 63.70 128.70 18.40 14.10 156.50 4.94
## [1180] 691.00 686.00 13.71 7.93 8.75 6.57 429.00 4.64 102.22
## [1189] 62.99 1.97 77.97 15.66 462.00 2.15 22.40 525.60 2.83
## [1198] 462.16 402.30 18.60 13.54 453.00 13.20 3000.00 157.00 4410.00
## [1207] 748.00 264.00 553.00 603.00 342.00 558.00 14.80 152.00 191.00
## [1216] 161.20 555.00 216.00 488.00 166.67 177.50 813.00 68.60 49.50
## [1225] 715.00 52.50 3500.00 901.60 167.50 13.13 12.29 252.00 3.85
## [1234] 35.50 12.17 222.00 321.00 5000.00 964.00 397.50 0.63 11.40
## [1243] 0.74 7.44 455.00 44.52 0.87 5.63 3.18 21.75 0.34
## [1252] 8.48 10.44 0.23 5.85 1.17 5.52 1000.00 362.00 241.00
## [1261] 4800.00 17.92 3.33 119.00 13.67 3.27 16.15 10.70 26.43
## [1270] 11.79 23.58 25.65 4.05 8.07 70.90 24.76 26.64 5.91
## [1279] 3.52 8.32 16.64 349.00 8.81 868.00 598.00 232.00 859.00
## [1288] 11.30 77.80 28.90 3.95 3.34 112.50 29.50 3200.00 258.00
## [1297] 150.20 55.50 20.60 211.00 253.38 892.00 433.70 5.64 24.10
## [1306] 272.00 257.40 297.30 934.30 20.90 423.00 3.03 4.59 3.29
## [1315] 217.00 402.00 17.20 1.63 6.61 418.00 19.70 1.96 309.00
## [1324] 3.81 182.00 296.70 25.90 6.53 10.60 2.26 267.00 1.19
## [1333] 855.00 1584.00 333.00 26.60 262.50 767.00 426.00 1.21 685.00
## [1342] 1.66 557.50 10.90 4.75 4.37 643.90 676.00 1.08 3.56
## [1351] 11.20 282.00 6.88 2.98 3.91 572.00 4.27 2.07 1.83
## [1360] 83.80 7.06 45.80 3.48 88.75 371.00 865.00 730.00 458.00
## [1369] 615.00 15.25 39.80 3.99 2.28 688.00 716.00 752.00 2.72
## [1378] 276.00 311.00 667.00 53.90 227.60 461.00 351.50 27.10 40.30
## [1387] 69.70 164.80 181.00 43.50
##
## $PROPDMGEXP
## [1] "K" "M" "" "B" "m" "+" "0" "5" "6" "?" "4" "2" "3" "h" "7" "H" "-" "1" "8"
##
## $CROPDMG
## [1] 0.00 10.00 500.00 1.00 4.00 50.00 5.00 15.00 0.50 0.40
## [11] 0.05 21.00 7.00 17.00 26.00 22.00 3.00 0.80 39.00 20.00
## [21] 300.00 0.90 48.00 0.20 1.50 2.50 2.00 200.00 25.00 130.00
## [31] 37.00 9.00 45.00 185.00 35.00 2.20 12.00 0.30 90.00 0.15
## [41] 100.00 66.00 142.00 1.10 0.70 330.00 750.00 6.00 43.00 60.00
## [51] 150.00 1.80 250.00 40.00 0.02 1.30 30.00 70.00 0.01 80.00
## [61] 350.00 400.00 8.00 75.00 3.50 63.00 18.00 0.28 0.10 1.70
## [71] 0.75 4.70 16.00 170.00 600.00 125.00 6.70 2.10 675.00 0.60
## [81] 262.00 332.00 220.00 56.00 0.03 353.00 177.00 36.00 373.00 430.00
## [91] 160.00 123.00 13.00 140.00 38.00 52.00 0.24 320.00 7.70 3.70
## [101] 6.80 1.20 380.00 6.50 5.60 74.90 34.10 15.30 24.00 5.10
## [111] 27.00 42.00 800.00 650.00 230.00 10.50 55.00 1.58 5.99 1.25
## [121] 3.60 5.20 3.25 5.25 3.22 204.00 2.40 127.00 7.50 46.00
## [131] 33.00 900.00 120.00 700.00 2.25 19.80 4.50 189.68 1.05 81.00
## [141] 225.00 37.50 5.40 7.55 1.40 26.84 5.70 500.10 950.00 15.70
## [151] 11.00 17.50 110.00 1.12 55.70 1.60 12.90 20.04 46.50 65.00
## [161] 4.80 1.48 43.68 613.00 14.00 19.00 3.40 850.00 450.00 240.00
## [171] 1.27 2.80 34.48 13.40 23.00 17.96 63.77 9.38 12.40 9.90
## [181] 1.21 12.50 7.80 159.00 242.00 280.00 14.10 4.20 6.90 4.97
## [191] 540.00 713.00 7.20 5.90 73.60 7.10 10.20 5.30 17.10 596.00
## [201] 74.30 470.00 655.00 460.00 180.00 2.90 260.10 145.00 5.50 3.80
## [211] 1.75 978.00 137.90 77.48 28.00 41.50 190.00 0.25 6.21 68.00
## [221] 11.70 85.00 117.00 64.00 6.10 2.60 97.00 3.75 150.20 167.90
## [231] 135.00 1.55 11.50 3.11 38.80 550.00 310.00 186.00 88.00 105.00
## [241] 1.77 149.70 301.00 4.66 22.70 3.39 15.65 131.01 8.80 29.10
## [251] 475.00 338.00 12.30 8.30 11.80 875.00 2.70 465.00 109.92 154.00
## [261] 575.00 660.00 39.85 413.60 63.40 20.30 4.91 640.00 22.60 83.00
## [271] 41.66 42.30 420.00 61.00 865.00 306.72 210.00 13.50 325.00 975.00
## [281] 150.08 160.96 1.85 169.60 80.85 8.50 29.00 605.00 399.84 44.00
## [291] 32.00 175.00 1.90 102.30 515.00 1.56 8.40 151.00 31.90 10.45
## [301] 1.96 6.03 6.85 78.00 1.65 578.85 25.01 24.27 256.00 6.63
## [311] 53.00 115.00 4.40 510.00 168.00 480.00 25.20 65.05 24.50 4.43
## [321] 275.00 8.90 13.20 9.60 7.81 10.80 1.93 312.48 261.00 270.00
## [331] 4.81 8.55 156.50 335.00 14.25 10.92 7.14 1.33 11.96 290.00
## [341] 31.00 285.00 93.20 82.50 8.70 48.40 26.50 15.20 21.60 4.60
## [351] 500.80 990.00 2.85 576.00 920.00 890.00 216.00 101.50 49.00 47.00
## [361] 21.94 671.00 8.60 32.50 423.00 66.50 26.36 180.11 48.46 10.19
## [371] 1.35 154.69 630.00 42.65 1.47 415.00 5.80 2.15 1.51 2.33
## [381] 2.65 8.49 11.68 34.50 113.90 22.32 193.90 11.94 112.50 16.60
## [391] 9.10 492.40 77.00 15.10 2.30 76.50 22.20 985.00 45.40 9.40
## [401] 4.16 26.32 5.92 2.47 73.00 155.00 344.00 620.00 390.00 316.00
## [411] 153.00 523.00 67.00 387.00 243.00 213.00 610.00 99.00 625.00 133.00
## [421] 169.00 588.00 512.00 375.00 112.00 425.00 286.00 281.00 165.00 107.00
## [431] 91.00 41.00
##
## $CROPDMGEXP
## [1] "" "M" "K" "m" "B" "?" "0" "k" "2"Units were in a mess and requires replacement to convert the characters into true values. We transform those variables in one unit (dollar) variable by the following rule: * K or k: thousand dollars (10^3) * M or m: million dollars (10^6) * B or b: billion dollars (10^9) * the rest would be consider as dollars (e.g. NA, ?, numericals,
There are plenty of events mentioned and some of the events can be grouped as one group. For example, any EVTYPE observed to have “wind” are substituted as one event Wind.
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(plyr)## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------## You have loaded plyr after dplyr - this is likely to cause problems.
## If you need functions from both plyr and dplyr, please load plyr first, then dplyr:
## library(plyr); library(dplyr)## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------##
## Attaching package: 'plyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## arrange, count, desc, failwith, id, mutate, rename, summarise,
## summarizelibrary(magrittr)
#ifelse is used to vectorised data when using grepl. nested ifelse used to replace values in PROPfactor
###PROP DAMAGE###
data$PROPfactor<- as.character(data$PROPDMGEXP)
data$PROPfactor<- with(data, ifelse(grepl("k", PROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), PROPfactor<-3,
ifelse (grepl("m", PROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), PROPfactor<-6,
ifelse(grepl("b", PROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), PROPfactor<- 9,
PROPfactor<-0))))
data$PROPcost<- with(data, 10^PROPfactor * PROPDMG)
data$PROPfactor<- with(data, ifelse(grepl("k", PROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), PROPfactor<-3,
ifelse (grepl("m", PROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), PROPfactor<-6,
ifelse(grepl("b", PROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), PROPfactor<- 9,
PROPfactor<-0))))
data$PROPcost<- with(data, 10^PROPfactor * PROPDMG)
###CROP DAMAGE###
data$CROPfactor<- as.character(data$CROPDMGEXP)
data$CROPfactor<- with(data, ifelse(grepl("k", CROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), CROPfactor<-3,
ifelse (grepl("m", CROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), CROPfactor<-6,
ifelse(grepl("b", CROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), CROPfactor<- 9,
CROPfactor<-0))))
data$CROPcost<- with(data, 10^CROPfactor * CROPDMG)
data$CROPfactor<- with(data, ifelse(grepl("k", CROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), CROPfactor<-3,
ifelse (grepl("m", CROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), CROPfactor<-6,
ifelse(grepl("b", CROPDMGEXP, ignore.case = T), CROPfactor<- 9,
CROPfactor<-0))))
data$CROPcost<- with(data, 10^CROPfactor * CROPDMG)
###GROUPOING OF EVENTS###
data$event<- with(data, ifelse(grepl("hail", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"hail",
ifelse(grepl("heat", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"heat",
ifelse(grepl("flood", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"flood",
ifelse(grepl("wind", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"wind",
ifelse(grepl("storm", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"storm",
ifelse(grepl("snow", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"snow",
ifelse(grepl("tornado", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"tornado",
ifelse(grepl("winter", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"winter",
ifelse(grepl("rain", EVTYPE, ignore.case = T), event<-"rain", "others"))))))))))
###Filtering of Data and Summarising By Event###
newdata<- data %>% select(event, FATALITIES, INJURIES, PROPcost, CROPcost) %>% group_by(event) %>% summarise_each(funs(sum))## Warning: `summarise_each_()` is deprecated as of dplyr 0.7.0.
## Please use `across()` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated.## Warning: `funs()` is deprecated as of dplyr 0.8.0.
## Please use a list of either functions or lambdas:
##
## # Simple named list:
## list(mean = mean, median = median)
##
## # Auto named with `tibble::lst()`:
## tibble::lst(mean, median)
##
## # Using lambdas
## list(~ mean(., trim = .2), ~ median(., na.rm = TRUE))
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated.Analysis
Results
Basing on the chart below, tornado seems have the most impact on health.
library(ggplot2)
humandata<- data.frame(event= c(newdata$event, newdata$event), count=c(newdata$FATALITIES, newdata$INJURIES), type=c(rep("FATALITIES",nrow(newdata)), rep("INJURIES", nrow(newdata))))
econsdata<- data.frame(event= c(newdata$event, newdata$event), cost=c(newdata$CROPcost, newdata$PROPcost), type=c(rep("Crop",nrow(newdata)), rep("PROP", nrow(newdata))))
g<- ggplot(humandata, aes(x= event, y=count, fill=type)) +
geom_bar(stat= "identity") + coord_flip() +
xlab("Event Types") + ylab("Counts of Incidence") + ggtitle("Weather event and impact on Health in Population")
g
Basing on the chart below, the economics seems to suffer the most when it comes to flood.
h<- ggplot(econsdata, aes(x= event, y=cost, fill=type)) +
geom_bar(stat= "identity") + coord_flip() +
xlab("Event Types") + ylab("Cost (USD)") + ggtitle("Weather event and impact on Economics")
h