## Package version: 2.1.2
## Parallel computing: 2 of 2 threads used.
## See https://quanteda.io for tutorials and examples.
## 
## Attaching package: 'quanteda'
## The following object is masked from 'package:utils':
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##     View
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## Attaching package: 'quanteda.textmodels'
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##     install, install_local

R Markdown

#create corpus

## readtext object consisting of 19 documents and 1 docvar.
## # Description: df[,3] [19 × 3]
##   doc_id        text                docvar1  
##   <chr>         <chr>               <chr>    
## 1 Padania1.pdf  "\"  Italy's \"..." Padania1 
## 2 Padania10.pdf "\"     Popul\"..." Padania10
## 3 Padania11.pdf "\"          \"..." Padania11
## 4 Padania12.pdf "\"          \"..." Padania12
## 5 Padania13.pdf "\"       Ric\"..." Padania13
## 6 Padania14.pdf "\"      'We'\"..." Padania14
## # … with 13 more rows

#create corpus

## [1] 19
##     docvar1
## 1  Padania1
## 2 Padania10
## 3 Padania11
## 4 Padania12
## 5 Padania13
## 6 Padania14
## Corpus consisting of 19 documents, showing 19 documents:
## 
##           Text Types Tokens Sentences   docvar1
##   Padania1.pdf   292    557        18  Padania1
##  Padania10.pdf   503   1093        36 Padania10
##  Padania11.pdf   208    429        16 Padania11
##  Padania12.pdf   580   1340        52 Padania12
##  Padania13.pdf   564   1262        49 Padania13
##  Padania14.pdf   466   1031        37 Padania14
##  Padania15.pdf   225    367        15 Padania15
##  Padania16.pdf   386    884        31 Padania16
##  Padania17.pdf   444   1134        37 Padania17
##  Padania18.pdf   353    776        24 Padania18
##  Padania19.pdf   445    923        28 Padania19
##   Padania2.pdf   296    550        18  Padania2
##   Padania3.pdf   240    473        14  Padania3
##   Padania4.pdf   368    836        23  Padania4
##   Padania5.pdf   580   1340        52  Padania5
##   Padania6.pdf   166    275        12  Padania6
##   Padania7.pdf   368    836        23  Padania7
##   Padania8.pdf  1593   5007       171  Padania8
##   Padania9.pdf   225    377        11  Padania9

#create dfm

## Length  Class   Mode 
##  48127    dfm     S4

#Cleaning up using tokens

##               Length Class  Mode     
## Padania1.pdf   284   -none- character
## Padania10.pdf  561   -none- character
## Padania11.pdf  214   -none- character
## Padania12.pdf  680   -none- character
## Padania13.pdf  624   -none- character
## Padania14.pdf  513   -none- character
## Padania15.pdf  188   -none- character
## Padania16.pdf  431   -none- character
## Padania17.pdf  555   -none- character
## Padania18.pdf  387   -none- character
## Padania19.pdf  476   -none- character
## Padania2.pdf   322   -none- character
## Padania3.pdf   234   -none- character
## Padania4.pdf   422   -none- character
## Padania5.pdf   680   -none- character
## Padania6.pdf   152   -none- character
## Padania7.pdf   422   -none- character
## Padania8.pdf  2311   -none- character
## Padania9.pdf   200   -none- character

#kwic doesn’t work with dfm, so you have to use tokens

docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania1.pdf 22 22 agencia efe s.a right reserv © efe right
Padania10.pdf 22 22 internat herald tribun right reserv section news right
Padania10.pdf 307 307 parti heavili court right left northern leagu right
Padania10.pdf 466 466 worker slogan left right forward northern leagu right
Padania11.pdf 121 121 school board director right lancini told adnkrono right
Padania12.pdf 13 13 observer distribut contify.com right reserv length word right
Padania12.pdf 39 39 contemporari polit radic right visit venic spring right
Padania12.pdf 308 308 contemporari polit radic right defend desir northern right
Padania12.pdf 671 671 centr analysi radic right partner institut fair right
Padania13.pdf 24 24 global commun corp right reserv section editorial right
Padania14.pdf 17 17 internat pte ltd right reserv section world right
Padania15.pdf 16 16 financi time ltd right reserv pleas cut right
Padania17.pdf 21 21 may wednesday menafn.com right reserv length word right
Padania17.pdf 484 484 time histori centr right coalit leagu gain right
Padania19.pdf 17 17 wednesday irish time right reserv section world right
Padania19.pdf 23 23 world europ new right pg length word right
Padania2.pdf 17 17 financi time ltd right reserv pleas cut right
Padania2.pdf 69 69 ahead elect year right set make gain right
Padania3.pdf 18 18 agenc franc press right reserv length word right
Padania4.pdf 34 34 media group limit right reserv section news right
Padania5.pdf 13 13 observer distribut contify.com right reserv length word right
Padania5.pdf 39 39 contemporari polit radic right visit venic spring right
Padania5.pdf 308 308 contemporari polit radic right defend desir northern right
Padania5.pdf 671 671 centr analysi radic right partner institut fair right
Padania6.pdf 11 11 saturday associat press right reserv section internat right
Padania7.pdf 34 34 media group limit right reserv section news right
Padania8.pdf 17 17 le mond interactif right reserv length word right
Padania8.pdf 195 195 north describ neither right left first elector right
Padania8.pdf 359 359 among leader euroscept right major eu countri right
Padania8.pdf 868 868 euro idea left right previous banish margin right
Padania8.pdf 1260 1260 competit trampl worker right around world regul right
Padania8.pdf 1734 1734 immigr deni harbour right ngos save live right
Padania8.pdf 1825 1825 forza italia far right local govern keep right
Padania8.pdf 1903 1903 among leader euroscept right major eu countri right
Padania8.pdf 1933 1933 salvini belong radic right never repudi part right
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania1.pdf 193 193 separatist movement call independ prosper northern region independ
Padania11.pdf 163 163 name northern leagu independ padania root separatist independ
Padania12.pdf 228 228 movement similar uk independ parti ukip germani independ
Padania13.pdf 113 113 week culmin declar independ campo san stefano independ
Padania13.pdf 321 321 econom make case independ even quebec separatist independ
Padania13.pdf 333 333 high implaus argument independ canada boost quebec independ
Padania13.pdf 559 559 stage-manag declar padanian independ last sunday pure independ
Padania13.pdf 605 605 afp bossi proclaim independ padania sunday venic independ
Padania14.pdf 42 42 whose politician campaign independ look attract talk independ
Padania14.pdf 154 154 began 1990s campaign independ state padania stretch independ
Padania14.pdf 266 266 spain sinc oct independ referendum lombardi boss independ
Padania15.pdf 68 68 parti found aspir independ mythic padania embrac independ
Padania15.pdf 100 100 debt eur1,911bn exchang independ leav south clean independ
Padania16.pdf 76 76 whose long-term goal independ padania northern far independ
Padania16.pdf 92 92 desir halfway hous independ downgrad rome status independ
Padania16.pdf 101 101 milan turin florenc independ london last tuesday independ
Padania17.pdf 339 339 region made declar independ padania imaginari state independ
Padania17.pdf 363 363 symbol parti obtain independ still nomin object independ
Padania18.pdf 1 1 independ movement northern itali independ
Padania18.pdf 41 41 week vote scottish independ alreadi impact itali independ
Padania18.pdf 68 68 decad ago seek independ wealthier industri northern independ
Padania18.pdf 230 230 strong histor preced independ region separatist movement independ
Padania18.pdf 248 248 mass ralli call independ sept just three independ
Padania18.pdf 257 257 scotland water page independ movement northern itali independ
Padania18.pdf 326 326 region simpli vote independ question scrutini u.k independ
Padania18.pdf 376 376 allow scotland hold independ referendum autumn question independ
Padania18.pdf 381 381 autumn question scotland independ countri load-dat septemb independ
Padania19.pdf 352 352 suppos ontolog differ independ mythic padania northern independ
Padania3.pdf 71 71 itali leagu object independ padania castelli said independ
Padania3.pdf 83 83 northern itali shape independ decid time ad independ
Padania3.pdf 95 95 strateg plan remain independ sovereign padania use independ
Padania4.pdf 1 1 independ northern itali end independ
Padania4.pdf 18 18 leagu parti call independ north launch blister independ
Padania4.pdf 54 54 parti call full independ wealthi north countri independ
Padania4.pdf 148 148 moder origin demand independ padania design collect independ
Padania4.pdf 178 178 parti faith stop independ told congress tell independ
Padania4.pdf 207 207 ukip water page independ northern itali end independ
Padania5.pdf 228 228 movement similar uk independ parti ukip germani independ
Padania7.pdf 1 1 independ northern itali end independ
Padania7.pdf 18 18 leagu parti call independ north launch blister independ
Padania7.pdf 54 54 parti call full independ wealthi north countri independ
Padania7.pdf 148 148 moder origin demand independ padania design collect independ
Padania7.pdf 178 178 parti faith stop independ told congress tell independ
Padania7.pdf 207 207 ukip water page independ northern itali end independ
Padania8.pdf 206 206 polit goal specif independ padania imaginari nation independ
Padania9.pdf 109 109 given call padania independ tone attack nation independ
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania17.pdf 310 310 banner padania libera free padania first edit free
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania11.pdf 114 114 receiv offici communic decis remov symbol event decis
Padania18.pdf 121 121 govern push feder decis make hand region decis
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania1.pdf 180 180 maio said support referendum leav bloc although referendum
Padania12.pdf 374 374 ukip nigel farag referendum britain membership eu referendum
Padania14.pdf 59 59 capit milan hold referendum sunday autonomi outcom referendum
Padania14.pdf 184 184 around venic hold referendum greater autonomi includ referendum
Padania14.pdf 218 218 said rome say referendum unnecessari though permit referendum
Padania14.pdf 267 267 sinc oct independ referendum lombardi boss take referendum
Padania14.pdf 439 439 yes vote sunday referendum expert expect quick referendum
Padania15.pdf 157 157 po piav call referendum secess noth sort referendum
Padania18.pdf 50 50 movement say upcom referendum u.k great boost referendum
Padania18.pdf 222 222 hold legal bind referendum secess lega nord referendum
Padania18.pdf 377 377 scotland hold independ referendum autumn question scotland referendum
Padania2.pdf 301 301 politician monitor rubber-stamp referendum follow russia annex referendum
Padania5.pdf 374 374 ukip nigel farag referendum britain membership eu referendum
Padania8.pdf 704 704 popular enough carri referendum amend constitut specif referendum
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania13.pdf 225 225 new state area occupi forgotten kingdom lottingen occupi
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
Padania12.pdf 607 607 abil regener town liber eu salvini recent liber
Padania12.pdf 664 664 oppos european union liber valu elit general liber
Padania13.pdf 51 51 now head padania liber committe differ northern liber
Padania2.pdf 150 150 caus conserv backlash liber valu critic eu liber
Padania5.pdf 607 607 abil regener town liber eu salvini recent liber
Padania5.pdf 664 664 oppos european union liber valu elit general liber
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
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Padania13.pdf 500 500 weaker end cold war broke domest deadlock war
Padania8.pdf 108 108 time distanc sinc war vast econom dispar war
Padania8.pdf 181 181 sinc second world war merg umberto bossi war
Padania8.pdf 650 650 arrog govern sinc war determin dismantl labour war
docname from to pre keyword post pattern
docname from to pre keyword post pattern 
## Tokens consisting of 19 documents and 1 docvar.
## Padania1.pdf :
##  [1] "itali"      "5-star"     "movement"   "lega"       "nord"      
##  [6] "strike"     "govern"     "coalit"     "deal"       "itali"     
## [11] "government" "efe"       
## [ ... and 272 more ]
## 
## Padania10.pdf :
##  [1] "populist"   "parti"      "itali"      "seiz"       "opportun"  
##  [6] "berlusconi" "lack"       "clout"      "now"        "reli"      
## [11] "northern"   "leagu"     
## [ ... and 549 more ]
## 
## Padania11.pdf :
##  [1] "itali"            "polit"            "symbol"           "remov"           
##  [5] "school"           "adnkrono"         "internat"         "rome"            
##  [9] "october"          "tuesday"          "distribut"        "mcclatchy-tribun"
## [ ... and 202 more ]
## 
## Padania12.pdf :
##  [1] "transform"   "northern"    "leagu"       "fair"        "observer"   
##  [6] "august"      "tuesday"     "est"         "fair"        "observer"   
## [11] "distribut"   "contify.com"
## [ ... and 668 more ]
## 
## Padania13.pdf :
##  [1] "rich"       "separatist" "itali"      "countri"    "wealthi"   
##  [6] "region"     "think"      "go"         "way"        "gazett"    
## [11] "montreal"   "quebec"    
## [ ... and 612 more ]
## 
## Padania14.pdf :
##  [1] "catalonia"  "itali"      "separatist" "tread"      "soft"      
##  [6] "toward"     "autonomi"   "channel"    "newsasia"   "october"   
## [11] "thursday"   "gmt"       
## [ ... and 501 more ]
## 
## [ reached max_ndoc ... 13 more documents ]
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docname from to pre keyword post pattern
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docname from to pre keyword post pattern

Padania.tokens2

#create dfm from first tokenized steps

#word cloud

#co-occurance

##     leagu        eu     taken  northern     polit   salvini    morisi strongman 
##     45992     23455     18282     16213     15523     15466     13657     13436 
##     renzi     laugh 
##     13386     13372
##  [1] "leagu"      "eu"         "taken"      "northern"   "polit"     
##  [6] "salvini"    "morisi"     "strongman"  "renzi"      "laugh"     
## [11] "bossi"      "social"     "econom"     "public"     "region"    
## [16] "europ"      "berlusconi" "nation"     "like"       "forc"      
## [21] "fascist"    "major"      "north"      "south"      "elect"