PS6

Question 1.

• In the paper “Maternal Education and Infant Health Gradient: New Answers to Old Questions”, Shrestha (2020) documents
  • choice a. the relationship between education, income and life expectancy.
  • choice b. the relationship between mother’s education, income and her health outcomes.
  • choice c. the relationship between mother’s education, income and infant health outcomes denoted by birthweight.
    
  • choice d. the relationship between household head’s education, income and infant health outcomes denoted by self-reported health.

Question 2.

• One of the findings in Shrestha (2020) is that
  • choice a. mother’s education and infant health gradient is higher between groups of mothers with less than high school and high school level education.
  • choice b. mother’s education and infant health gradient is higher between groups of mothers with some college and college level education.
  • choice c. income-health gradient is prevalent across all reported education categories.
  • both a and c

Question 3.

• Shrestha (2020) finds that mother’s education-infant health gradient is higher in poorer communities compared to relatively rich communities.
  • choice a. True
    
  • choice b. False

Question 4.

• According to Shrestha (2020), the reduction in magnitude of mother’s education-infant health gradient overtime can be due to
  • choice a. reduction in smoking participation among pregnant mothers in the past decades.
    
  • choice b. reduction in alcohol consumption among pregnant mothers in the past decades.
  • choice c. increases in private health insurance provision among less educated groups.
  • choice d. increases in employers sponsored insurance provision among less educated groups.

Questions 5.

• Consider a simple specification given as: \(birthweight = \alpha + \beta mother's \; education + \epsilon\). Note that this equation does not account for income. Which of the following is/are true:
  • choice a. it is important to account for income as households with higher income can afford more education. Hence, the effects of education as seen after estimating the specification can actually be driven due to income.
  • choice b. it is not important to account for income as education is known to be a better predictor of health outcomes.
  • choice c. without accounting for income, the estimate on \(\beta\) is likely to be overstated.
  • choice d. both a and c.

Question 6.

• Education gradient and income gradient are phenomenons present among whites but absent for blacks.
  • choice a. True
  • choice b. False

Question 7.

• Tuskegee study can be best referred to as:
  • choice a. a study that passively monitored hundreds of people in the south with syphilis in absense of effective treatment.
  • choice b. a study that passively monitored hundreds of blacks in the south with syphilis despite availability of effective treatment.
  • choice c. a study that passively monitored hundreds of blacks men in the south with syphilis despite availability of effective treatment.
    
  • choice d. a study that conducted randomized control trial to understand the course of syphilis.

Question 8.

• In their paper “Tuskegee and the Health of Black Men,” Alsan and Wanamaker (2017) show that
  • choice a. although the trend in black-white infant mortality rate was converging prior to 1972, white’s infant mortality started falling more rapidly compared to that of black’s following 1972.
  • choice b. although the trend in black-white mortality rate (for ages 55-74) was converging prior to 1972, mortality among whites started falling more rapidly compared to that of black’s following 1972 across both male and female groups.
  • choice c. although the difference in black-white mortality rate (for ages 55-74) was converging prior to 1972, black-white mortality among females converged even after 1972 but the difference for males actually increased.
    
  • choice d. although the difference in black-white mortality rate (for ages 55-74) was converging prior to 1972, black-white mortality among males converged even after 1972 but the difference for females actually increased.

Question 9.

• Which of the following variation is not used by Alsan and Wanamaker (2017) to identify the effects of medical trust due to Tuskegee experiment:
  • choice a. difference by gender as participants were males.
  • choice b. difference by race (black versus white)
  • choice c. difference by age (young versus old)
    
  • choice d. distance away from Tuskegee (in Macon, Alabama) as the intensity of discloure will wean out with distance away from Tuskegee.

Question 10.

• Alsan and Wanamaker (2017) finds that
  • choice a. the medical mistrust due to Tuskegee reduced life expectancy among black men living close to Tuskegee, Alabama.
    
  • choice b. the medical mistrust due to Tuskegee reduced life expectancy among black females living close to Tuskegee, Alabama.
  • choice c. the medical mistrust due to Tuskegee reduced life expectancy among black infants living close to Tuskegee, Alabama.
  • choice c. the medical mistrust due to Tuskegee reduced life expectancy among black populace living close to Tuskegee, Alabama.

Question 11.

• Alsan and Wanamaker (2017) study looks at the short and medium run impact of Tuskegee but does not identify long term persistent effects.
  • choice a. True
    
  • choice b. False