在R制图中使用中文或特定字体的解决方案
Tony
2020/10/21
1 引言
R语言默认可以自由使用的字体只有sans（系统默认）, serif和 mono三种，如果想要使用中文字体或者特定英文等其他字体，就需要借助第三方工具包。这里主要介绍{showtext}和{extrafont}。
2 操作程序
2.1 showtext包
优点：
- 可以使用.ttc等格式文件
- 可以使用ggsave保存pdf文件
- 生成离线图片和PDF时适用
缺点：
- 不能在Rmarkdown网页生成的图片中直接显示字体
2.1.1 安装加载相关包
#install.packages("showtext")
options(tidyverse.quiet = TRUE)
library(tidyverse) # Easily Install and Load the 'Tidyverse'
library(showtext) # Using Fonts More Easily in R Graphs
showtext_auto() 以下为常用命令
showtext_auto() # 自动使用字体
font_families() # 必要时查看可供使用的字体
2.1.2 逐条加载字体
一般非管理员用户安装的字体在当前用户文档目录，字体目录需指定
# 增加字体所在路径
font_paths() # 默认一般为C:/Windows/Fonts## [1] "C:\\Windows\\Fonts"# 可指定并添加自定义字体路径
font_path <- "C:\\Users\\ss3\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Fonts\\" %>%
font_paths()
# 查看字体目录中全部支持可用的字体文件
fonts <- font_files() %>% as_tibble() # 其中包括path、file、family、face、version、ps_name
# 可以逐一加载字体
font_add("Microsoft YaHei", "msyh.ttc") # 字体文件在默认路径。
font_add("Helvetica",
" C:/Users/ss3/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/Fonts/Helvetica.ttf")
## 或者以自定义函数加载
path <- function(x) {
font_path <- "C:\\Users\\ss3\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Fonts\\"
paste0(font_path, x)
}
font_add('Helvetica',
path("Helvetica.ttf"),
bold = path("Helvetica-Black-SemiBold.ttf"),
italic = path('Helvetica-Light-Light-Italic.ttf'))
font_add('xkcd1', path("xkcd.ttf"))
font_add("fzxbs", path("FZXBSJW.ttf"))
font_add("Georgia", "Georgia.ttf")
font_add("Helvetica Condensed", path("Helvetica Condensed.ttf"))2.1.3 批量加载字体
### 加载常用中文字体
chinese <- font_files()%>%
as_tibble() %>%
filter(str_detect(family, pattern = "^(FZ)|(Sim)|(ST)") |
family == "WenQuanYi Micro Hei") %>%
distinct() %>%
mutate(path_file = paste0(path, "/", file))
map2(chinese$family, chinese$path_file, font_add)
### 加载常用英文字体
English <- font_files() %>%
as_tibble() %>%
filter(path == 'C:/Users/ss3/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/Fonts' |
family == "Georgia") %>%
mutate(path_file = paste0(path, "/", file))
map2(English$family, English$path_file, font_add)font_families() ## [1] "sans" "serif"
## [3] "mono" "wqy-microhei"
## [5] "Microsoft YaHei" "Helvetica"
## [7] "xkcd1" "fzxbs"
## [9] "Georgia" "Helvetica Condensed"
## [11] "FZHei-B01" "FZXiaoBiaoSong-B05S"
## [13] "WenQuanYi Micro Hei" "FZKai-Z03"
## [15] "FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)" "FZKaiS-Extended"
## [17] "FZShuTi" "FZYaoTi"
## [19] "SimHei" "SimSun"
## [21] "SimSun-ExtB" "STCaiyun"
## [23] "STFangsong" "STHupo"
## [25] "STKaiti" "STLiti"
## [27] "STSong" "STXihei"
## [29] "STXingkai" "STXinwei"
## [31] "STZhongsong" "Facebook Letter Faces"
## [33] "Helvetica-Black-SemiBold" "Helvetica-BoldOblique"
## [35] "Helvetica-Condensed-Black-Se" "Helvetica-Condensed-Light-Li"
## [37] "Helvetica-Condensed-Light-Light" "Helvetica-Condensed-Thin"
## [39] "Helvetica-Conth" "Helvetica-Light-Light-Italic"
## [41] "Helvetica-Narrow-Bold" "Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique"
## [43] "Helvetica-Narrow" "Helvetica-Roman-SemiB"
## [45] "Helvetica-Narrow-Bold Lefty" "Helvetica Narrow"
## [47] "Helvetica-Narrow Lefty" "HelveticaExt-Normal"
## [49] "HelveticaExtObl-Heavy" "HelveticaExtObl-Light"
## [51] "HelveticaExtObl-Normal" "HelveticaInserat-Roman-SemiB"
## [53] "HelveticaInserat-Roman-SemiBold" "HelveticaObl-Heavy"
## [55] "HelveticaObl-Thin" "Montserrat Black"
## [57] "Montserrat" "Montserrat ExtraBold"
## [59] "Montserrat ExtraLight" "Montserrat Light"
## [61] "Montserrat Medium" "Montserrat SemiBold"
## [63] "Montserrat Thin" "Roboto Condensed"
## [65] "Titillium Web" "Titillium Web Light"
## [67] "wmpeople1" "xkcd"2.1.4 字体应用演示
#case1
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg)) + geom_point() +
ggtitle("Fuel Efficiency of 32 Cars",
subtitle = "32种汽车的燃油效率") +
xlab("Weight (x1000 lb)") + ylab("Miles per Gallon") +
theme(text=element_text(size=10, family="Microsoft YaHei"),
plot.title = element_text(size = 12, family="Microsoft YaHei"),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 16, family="Microsoft YaHei"))
#case2
# 字体使用演示2
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg)) + geom_point() +
ggtitle("Fuel Efficiency of 32 Cars",
subtitle = "32种汽车的燃油效率") +
xlab("Weight (x1000 lb)") + ylab("Miles per Gallon") +
theme(text=element_text(size = 15, family="Montserrat Light"),
plot.title = element_text(size = 18, family="Titillium Web"),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 20, family="WenQuanYi Micro Hei"))
2.1.5 图像另存图片和pdf
ggsave("fonttest-win1.tiff", width = 7, height = 7)
ggsave("fonttest-win1.png", width = 7, height = 7)
ggsave("fonttest-win1.bmp", width = 7, height = 7)
ggsave('fonttest-win1.pdf', width = 7, height = 7)注：目前存在以下问题，研究中……
Plots区有时字体不能即时更新显示（作者本人在说明文件里确认目前不支持Rstudio内置图形设备），但保存图片和pdf中显示正常。不建议生成Rmarkdown网页时使用。
有时仍然会出现warnings，但plot中字体显示正常
2.2 extrafont包
优点：
- 可以在Rmarkdown网页生成的图片中直接显示字体
- 生成在线图片时适用
缺点：
- 不能用ggsave保存生成Pdf文件
#install.packages('extrafont')
options(tidyverse.quiet = TRUE)
library(tidyverse)
library(extrafont)2.2.1 导入字体
先导入字体，目前仅支持TrueType字体。这个操作在第一次运行或新安装字体后实施一次。
# 会默认把C:\windows\Fonts目录里符合格式的字体导入
font_import()
# 如果您是在非管理员帐户安排的字体，那么需要指定其安装位置。此步操作会叠加以前导入的字体，形成合集。
font_import(paths = "C:\\Users\\ss3\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Fonts")2.2.2 查看字体
装好字体后，可以查看字体family名称。
fonts()## [1] "Agency FB" "Algerian"
## [3] "Arial Black" "Arial"
## [5] "Arial Narrow" "Arial Rounded MT Bold"
## [7] "Arial Unicode MS" "Bahnschrift"
## [9] "Baskerville Old Face" "Bauhaus 93"
## [11] "Bell MT" "Berlin Sans FB"
## [13] "Berlin Sans FB Demi" "Bernard MT Condensed"
## [15] "Blackadder ITC" "Bodoni MT"
## [17] "Bodoni MT Black" "Bodoni MT Condensed"
## [19] "Bodoni MT Poster Compressed" "Book Antiqua"
## [21] "Bookman Old Style" "Bookshelf Symbol 7"
## [23] "Bradley Hand ITC" "Britannic Bold"
## [25] "Broadway" "Brush Script MT"
## [27] "Calibri" "Calibri Light"
## [29] "Californian FB" "Calisto MT"
## [31] "Cambria" "Candara"
## [33] "Candara Light" "Castellar"
## [35] "Centaur" "Century"
## [37] "Century Gothic" "Century Schoolbook"
## [39] "Cera PROModern Medium" "Chiller"
## [41] "Colonna MT" "Comic Sans MS"
## [43] "Consolas" "Constantia"
## [45] "Cooper Black" "Copperplate Gothic Bold"
## [47] "Copperplate Gothic Light" "Corbel"
## [49] "Corbel Light" "Courier New"
## [51] "Curlz MT" "DengXian"
## [53] "DengXian Light" "Ebrima"
## [55] "Edwardian Script ITC" "Elephant"
## [57] "Engravers MT" "Eras Bold ITC"
## [59] "Eras Demi ITC" "Eras Light ITC"
## [61] "Eras Medium ITC" "ESRI AMFM Electric"
## [63] "ESRI AMFM Gas" "ESRI AMFM Sewer"
## [65] "ESRI AMFM Water" "ESRI ArcPad"
## [67] "ESRI Arrowhead" "ESRI Business"
## [69] "ESRI Cartography" "ESRI Caves 1"
## [71] "ESRI Caves 2" "ESRI Caves 3"
## [73] "ESRI Climate & Precipitation" "ESRI Commodities"
## [75] "ESRI Conservation" "ESRI Crime Analysis"
## [77] "ESRI Default Marker" "ESRI Dimensioning"
## [79] "ESRI Elements" "ESRI Enviro Hazard Analysis"
## [81] "ESRI Enviro Hazard Incident" "ESRI Enviro Hazard Sites"
## [83] "ESRI Environmental & Icons" "ESRI ERS Infrastructures S1"
## [85] "ESRI ERS Operations S1" "ESRI Fire Incident NFPA"
## [87] "ESRI Geology" "ESRI Geology AGSO 1"
## [89] "ESRI Geology USGS 95-525" "ESRI Geometric Symbols"
## [91] "ESRI Hazardous Materials" "ESRI Hydrants"
## [93] "ESRI IGL Font16" "ESRI IGL Font20"
## [95] "ESRI IGL Font21" "ESRI IGL Font22"
## [97] "ESRI IGL Font23" "ESRI IGL Font24"
## [99] "ESRI IGL Font25" "ESRI Meteorological 01"
## [101] "ESRI Mil2525C Modifiers" "ESRI MilMod 01"
## [103] "ESRI MilMod 02" "ESRI MilRed 01"
## [105] "ESRI MilSym 01" "ESRI MilSym 02"
## [107] "ESRI MilSym 03" "ESRI MilSym 04"
## [109] "ESRI MilSym 05" "ESRI NIMA City Graphic LN"
## [111] "ESRI NIMA City Graphic PT" "ESRI NIMA DNC LN"
## [113] "ESRI NIMA DNC PT" "ESRI NIMA VMAP1&2 LN"
## [115] "ESRI NIMA VMAP1&2 PT" "ESRI North"
## [117] "ESRI Oil, Gas, & Water" "ESRI Ordnance Survey"
## [119] "ESRI Pipeline US 1" "ESRI Public1"
## [121] "ESRI SDS 1.95 1" "ESRI SDS 1.95 2"
## [123] "ESRI SDS 2.00 1" "ESRI SDS 2.00 2"
## [125] "ESRI Shields" "ESRI Surveyor"
## [127] "ESRI Telecom" "ESRI Transportation & Civic"
## [129] "ESRI US Forestry 1" "ESRI US MUTCD 1"
## [131] "ESRI US MUTCD 2" "ESRI US MUTCD 3"
## [133] "ESRI Weather" "FangSong"
## [135] "Felix Titling" "Footlight MT Light"
## [137] "Forte" "Franklin Gothic Book"
## [139] "Franklin Gothic Demi" "Franklin Gothic Demi Cond"
## [141] "Franklin Gothic Heavy" "Franklin Gothic Medium"
## [143] "Franklin Gothic Medium Cond" "Freestyle Script"
## [145] "French Script MT" "FZKaiS-Extended[SIP]"
## [147] "FZKaiS-Extended" "FZKai-Z03"
## [149] "FZShuTi" "FZYaoTi"
## [151] "Gabriola" "Gadugi"
## [153] "Garamond" "Georgia"
## [155] "Gigi" "Gill Sans Ultra Bold"
## [157] "Gill Sans Ultra Bold Condensed" "Gill Sans MT"
## [159] "Gill Sans MT Condensed" "Gill Sans MT Ext Condensed Bold"
## [161] "Gloucester MT Extra Condensed" "Goudy Old Style"
## [163] "Goudy Stout" "Haettenschweiler"
## [165] "Harlow Solid Italic" "Harrington"
## [167] "High Tower Text" "HoloLens MDL2 Assets"
## [169] "Impact" "Imprint MT Shadow"
## [171] "Informal Roman" "Ink Free"
## [173] "Javanese Text" "Jokerman"
## [175] "Juice ITC" "KaiTi"
## [177] "Kristen ITC" "Kunstler Script"
## [179] "Wide Latin" "Leelawadee UI"
## [181] "Leelawadee UI Semilight" "LiSu"
## [183] "Lucida Bright" "Lucida Calligraphy"
## [185] "Lucida Console" "Lucida Fax"
## [187] "Lucida Handwriting" "Lucida Sans"
## [189] "Lucida Sans Typewriter" "Lucida Sans Unicode"
## [191] "Magneto" "Maiandra GD"
## [193] "Malgun Gothic" "Malgun Gothic Semilight"
## [195] "Marlett" "Matura MT Script Capitals"
## [197] "Microsoft Himalaya" "Microsoft Yi Baiti"
## [199] "Microsoft New Tai Lue" "Microsoft PhagsPa"
## [201] "Microsoft Sans Serif" "Microsoft Tai Le"
## [203] "Mistral" "Modern No. 20"
## [205] "Mongolian Baiti" "Monotype Corsiva"
## [207] "MS Outlook" "MS Reference Sans Serif"
## [209] "MS Reference Specialty" "MV Boli"
## [211] "Myanmar Text" "Niagara Engraved"
## [213] "Niagara Solid" "Nirmala UI"
## [215] "Nirmala UI Semilight" "OCR A Extended"
## [217] "Old English Text MT" "Onyx"
## [219] "Palace Script MT" "Palatino Linotype"
## [221] "Papyrus" "Parchment"
## [223] "Perpetua" "Perpetua Titling MT"
## [225] "Playbill" "Poor Richard"
## [227] "Pristina" "Rage Italic"
## [229] "Ravie" "Rockwell"
## [231] "Rockwell Condensed" "Rockwell Extra Bold"
## [233] "Script MT Bold" "Segoe MDL2 Assets"
## [235] "Segoe Print" "Segoe Script"
## [237] "Segoe UI" "Segoe UI Light"
## [239] "Segoe UI Semibold" "Segoe UI Semilight"
## [241] "Segoe UI Black" "Segoe UI Emoji"
## [243] "Segoe UI Historic" "Segoe UI Symbol"
## [245] "Showcard Gothic" "SimHei"
## [247] "SimSun-ExtB" "Snap ITC"
## [249] "STCaiyun" "Stencil"
## [251] "STFangsong" "STHupo"
## [253] "STKaiti" "STLiti"
## [255] "STSong" "STXihei"
## [257] "STXingkai" "STXinwei"
## [259] "STZhongsong" "Sylfaen"
## [261] "Symbol" "Tahoma"
## [263] "Tempus Sans ITC" "Times New Roman"
## [265] "Trebuchet MS" "Tw Cen MT"
## [267] "Tw Cen MT Condensed" "Tw Cen MT Condensed Extra Bold"
## [269] "Verdana" "Viner Hand ITC"
## [271] "Vivaldi" "Vladimir Script"
## [273] "Webdings" "Wingdings"
## [275] "Wingdings 2" "Wingdings 3"
## [277] "YouYuan" "ZWAdobeF"
## [279] "Facebook Letter Faces" "FZHei-B01"
## [281] "FZXiaoBiaoSong-B05S" "Montserrat Black"
## [283] "Montserrat" "Montserrat ExtraBold"
## [285] "Montserrat ExtraLight" "Montserrat Light"
## [287] "Montserrat Medium" "Montserrat SemiBold"
## [289] "Montserrat Thin" "Roboto Condensed"
## [291] "Titillium Web" "Titillium Web Light"
## [293] "wmpeople1" "xkcd"
## [295] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Black-SemiBold"
## [297] "Helvetica-BoldOblique" "Helvetica Condensed"
## [299] "Helvetica-Condensed-Black-Se" "Helvetica-Condensed-Light-Li"
## [301] "Helvetica-Condensed-Light-Light" "Helvetica-Condensed-Thin"
## [303] "Helvetica-Conth" "Helvetica-Light-Light-Italic"
## [305] "Helvetica-Narrow" "Helvetica Narrow"
## [307] "Helvetica-Narrow-Bold" "Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique"
## [309] "Helvetica-Roman-SemiB" "HelveticaExt-Normal"
## [311] "HelveticaExtObl-Heavy" "HelveticaExtObl-Light"
## [313] "HelveticaExtObl-Normal" "HelveticaInserat-Roman-SemiB"
## [315] "HelveticaInserat-Roman-SemiBold" "Helvetica-Narrow-Bold Lefty"
## [317] "Helvetica-Narrow Lefty" "HelveticaObl-Heavy"
## [319] "HelveticaObl-Thin"# 建议生成字体库表格变量，内含字体family名称、位置、字体文件名等信息，以方便查询各字体family后调用
font <- fonttable()
# 字体格式示例
font %>% slice_sample(n = 10)## # A tibble: 10 x 10
## package afmfile fontfile FullName FamilyName FontName Bold Italic Symbol
## <lgl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
## 1 NA ZWAdob~ "C:\\Wi~ ZWAdobeF ZWAdobeF ZWAdobeF FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 2 NA SCRIPT~ "C:\\Wi~ Script ~ Script MT~ ScriptM~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 3 NA esri_3~ "C:\\Wi~ ESRI Di~ ESRI Dime~ ESRIDim~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 4 NA segmdl~ "C:\\Wi~ Segoe M~ Segoe MDL~ SegoeMD~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 5 NA Montse~ "C:\\Us~ Montser~ Montserra~ Montser~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 6 NA ntailu~ "C:\\Wi~ Microso~ Microsoft~ Microso~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 7 NA Candar~ "C:\\Wi~ Candara~ Candara Candara~ FALSE TRUE FALSE
## 8 NA LSANS.~ "C:\\Wi~ Lucida ~ Lucida Sa~ LucidaS~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 9 NA STKAIT~ "C:\\Wi~ STKaiti STKaiti STKaiti FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 10 NA Helvet~ "C:\\Us~ Helveti~ Helvetica Helveti~ TRUE FALSE FALSE
## # ... with 1 more variable: afmsymfile <lgl>#常用中文字体列表
font %>% filter(str_detect(FontName, pattern = "^(FZ)|(Sim)|(ST)"))## # A tibble: 21 x 10
## package afmfile fontfile FullName FamilyName FontName Bold Italic Symbol
## <lgl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl>
## 1 NA FZKaiS~ "C:\\Wi~ FZKaiS-~ FZKaiS-Ex~ FZKT--G~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 2 NA FZKaiS~ "C:\\Wi~ FZKaiS-~ FZKaiS-Ex~ FZKT--G~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 3 NA FZKaiS~ "C:\\Wi~ FZKaiS-~ FZKaiS-Ex~ FZKT--G~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 4 NA FZKaiS~ "C:\\Wi~ FZKaiS-~ FZKaiS-Ex~ FZKT--G~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 5 NA FZKai_~ "C:\\Wi~ FZKai-Z~ FZKai-Z03 FZKTK--~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 6 NA FZSTK.~ "C:\\Wi~ FZShuTi FZShuTi FZSTK--~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 7 NA FZYTK.~ "C:\\Wi~ FZYaoTi FZYaoTi FZYTK--~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 8 NA simhei~ "C:\\Wi~ SimHei SimHei SimHei FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 9 NA simsun~ "C:\\Wi~ SimSun-~ SimSun-Ex~ SimSun-~ FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 10 NA STCAIY~ "C:\\Wi~ STCaiyun STCaiyun STCaiyun FALSE FALSE FALSE
## # ... with 11 more rows, and 1 more variable: afmsymfile <lgl>2.2.3 调用字体
字体导入后，使用前需要向图形设备注册字体。一般需要向win和pdf注册。
loadfonts(device = "win", quiet=TRUE)
loadfonts(device = "pdf", quiet=TRUE)2.2.4 使用字体
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg)) + geom_point() +
ggtitle("Fuel Efficiency of 32 Cars",
subtitle = "32种汽车的燃油效率") +
xlab("Weight (x1000 lb)") + ylab("Miles per Gallon") +
theme(text=element_text(size=10, family="Georgia"),
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, family="Georgia"),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 16, family="FZXiaoBiaoSong-B05S"))
2.3 保存图像
可以用以下语句保存为图片
ggsave("fonttest-win.tiff", width = 7, height = 7)
ggsave("fonttest-win.png", width = 7, height = 7)
ggsave("fonttest-win.bmp", width = 7, height = 7)目前仅可以通过Plots区的Export功能导出pdf，研究中……
3 字体展示
3.1 英文字体展示
sentence <- "The quick br8wn fox jumps ov57 9 lazy dog"
family <- fonttable() %>%
# as_tibble() %>%
filter(str_detect(fontfile, "C:\\\\Users\\\\ss3\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows\\\\Fonts")) %>%
select(FamilyName) %>%
distinct() %>%
filter(FamilyName != 'Helvetica Narrow') %>%
mutate(group = rep(1:4, each = 10) ) %>%
mutate(sentence = sentence) %>%
mutate(x = rep(1:10, 4), y = rep(1:10, 4)) %>%
as_tibble()
family %>%
ggplot(aes(x, y))+
geom_text(aes(x = 1, y = y, label = FamilyName), family = "Helvetica", size = 3)+
geom_text(aes(x = 7, y = y, label = sentence, family = FamilyName), size = 3.5 )+
facet_wrap(~group)+
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 10))+
theme_void()
3.2 中文字体展示
character <- c("12457890R语言World强大")
chinese <- fonttable()%>%
filter(str_detect(FontName, pattern = "^(FZ)|(Sim)|(ST)")) %>%
select(FamilyName) %>%
distinct() %>%
mutate(group = c(rep(1:3, each = 5), rep(4,4) )) %>%
mutate(sentence = character) %>%
mutate(x = c(rep(1:5, 3), 1:4) , y = c(rep(1:5, 3), 1:4)) %>%
as_tibble()
chinese %>%
ggplot(aes(x, y))+
geom_text(aes(x = 3, y = y*2, label = FamilyName), family = "Helvetica", size = 5)+
geom_text(aes(x = 8, y = y*2, label = sentence, family = FamilyName), size = 5 )+
facet_wrap(~group)+
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 10))+
theme_void()