| Variable | N | Overall, N = 26,5391 | CR-POPF vs No CR-POPF | p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR-POPF, N = 4,5101 | No CR-POPF, N = 22,0291 | ||||
| Age | 26,539 | 65.00 (56.00, 73.00) | 64.00 (55.00, 71.00) | 66.00 (57.00, 73.00) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| female | 13,138 (50%) | 2,009 (45%) | 11,129 (51%) | ||
| male | 13,401 (50%) | 2,501 (55%) | 10,900 (49%) | ||
| Weight | 26,486 | 169.00 (142.00, 198.00) | 180.00 (152.00, 210.00) | 167.00 (141.00, 196.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 53 | 16 | 37 | ||
| Height | 26,435 | 66.00 (63.00, 69.00) | 66.00 (63.00, 69.00) | 66.00 (63.00, 69.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 104 | 27 | 77 | ||
| BMI | 26,539 | 26.92 (23.56, 31.01) | 28.28 (24.67, 32.61) | 26.62 (23.33, 30.68) | <0.001 |
| Race | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| Black | 2,261 (8.5%) | 314 (7.0%) | 1,947 (8.8%) | ||
| Other | 1,240 (4.7%) | 218 (4.8%) | 1,022 (4.6%) | ||
| Unknown | 3,347 (13%) | 665 (15%) | 2,682 (12%) | ||
| White | 19,691 (74%) | 3,313 (73%) | 16,378 (74%) | ||
| Smoker | 26,539 | 4,514 (17%) | 728 (16%) | 3,786 (17%) | 0.093 |
| Hypertension | 26,539 | 13,849 (52%) | 2,376 (53%) | 11,473 (52%) | 0.47 |
| DYSPNEA | 26,539 | 0.20 | |||
| AT REST | 36 (0.1%) | 7 (0.2%) | 29 (0.1%) | ||
| MODERATE EXERTION | 1,372 (5.2%) | 257 (5.7%) | 1,115 (5.1%) | ||
| No | 25,131 (95%) | 4,246 (94%) | 20,885 (95%) | ||
| DIABETES | 26,539 | 6,847 (26%) | 961 (21%) | 5,886 (27%) | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 26,539 | 76 (0.3%) | 13 (0.3%) | 63 (0.3%) | >0.99 |
| Hx of CHF 30 Prior to Surgery | 26,539 | 109 (0.4%) | 21 (0.5%) | 88 (0.4%) | 0.61 |
| DIALYSIS | 26,539 | 106 (0.4%) | 12 (0.3%) | 94 (0.4%) | 0.15 |
| HXCOPD | 26,539 | 1,066 (4.0%) | 201 (4.5%) | 865 (3.9%) | 0.11 |
| ASA Classification | 26,539 | 0.026 | |||
| 5-Moribund | 14 (<0.1%) | 2 (<0.1%) | 12 (<0.1%) | ||
| I-II | 6,562 (25%) | 1,171 (26%) | 5,391 (24%) | ||
| III-IV | 19,939 (75%) | 3,329 (74%) | 16,610 (75%) | ||
| None assigned | 24 (<0.1%) | 8 (0.2%) | 16 (<0.1%) | ||
| Pancreatic Duct Diameter | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| <3 mm | 5,540 (21%) | 1,281 (28%) | 4,259 (19%) | ||
| >6 mm | 2,582 (9.7%) | 248 (5.5%) | 2,334 (11%) | ||
| 3-6 mm | 7,584 (29%) | 1,096 (24%) | 6,488 (29%) | ||
| Unknown | 10,833 (41%) | 1,885 (42%) | 8,948 (41%) | ||
| Pancreatic Gland Texture | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| Hard | 6,400 (24%) | 566 (13%) | 5,834 (26%) | ||
| Intermediate | 1,923 (7.2%) | 264 (5.9%) | 1,659 (7.5%) | ||
| Soft | 8,194 (31%) | 1,983 (44%) | 6,211 (28%) | ||
| Unknown | 10,022 (38%) | 1,697 (38%) | 8,325 (38%) | ||
| Pancreatic Drain | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3,402 (13%) | 280 (6.2%) | 3,122 (14%) | ||
| Unknown | 38 (0.1%) | 4 (<0.1%) | 34 (0.2%) | ||
| Yes | 23,099 (87%) | 4,226 (94%) | 18,873 (86%) | ||
| Pancreatic Drain Placed on Suction | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 2,165 (8.2%) | 345 (7.6%) | 1,820 (8.3%) | ||
| Unknown | 9,196 (35%) | 1,423 (32%) | 7,773 (35%) | ||
| Yes | 15,178 (57%) | 2,742 (61%) | 12,436 (56%) | ||
| Percutaneous Drain | 26,539 | 3,279 (12%) | 1,842 (41%) | 1,437 (6.5%) | <0.001 |
| Delayed Gastric Emptying | 26,539 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 23,166 (87%) | 3,287 (73%) | 19,879 (90%) | ||
| Unknown | 88 (0.3%) | 30 (0.7%) | 58 (0.3%) | ||
| Yes-no oral intake by POD 14 | 358 (1.3%) | 165 (3.7%) | 193 (0.9%) | ||
| Yes-tube to external drainage/NG tube present/reinserted | 2,927 (11%) | 1,028 (23%) | 1,899 (8.6%) | ||
| PAN_MALIG_HISTOLOGIC | 26,539 | ||||
| Ampullary carcinoma | 1,252 (4.7%) | 311 (6.9%) | 941 (4.3%) | ||
| Cystadenocarcinoma | 20 (<0.1%) | 3 (<0.1%) | 17 (<0.1%) | ||
| Distal cholangiocarcinoma | 476 (1.8%) | 134 (3.0%) | 342 (1.6%) | ||
| Duodenal carcinoma | 522 (2.0%) | 136 (3.0%) | 386 (1.8%) | ||
| IPMN-invasive | 553 (2.1%) | 70 (1.6%) | 483 (2.2%) | ||
| N/A | 7,058 (27%) | 1,316 (29%) | 5,742 (26%) | ||
| Neuroendocrine-functioning | 667 (2.5%) | 160 (3.5%) | 507 (2.3%) | ||
| Neuroendocrine-nonfunctioning | 2,317 (8.7%) | 525 (12%) | 1,792 (8.1%) | ||
| Other type | 1,657 (6.2%) | 341 (7.6%) | 1,316 (6.0%) | ||
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 11,875 (45%) | 1,487 (33%) | 10,388 (47%) | ||
| Unknown | 142 (0.5%) | 27 (0.6%) | 115 (0.5%) | ||
| Unplanned Reoperation | 26,539 | 1,283 (4.8%) | 467 (10%) | 816 (3.7%) | <0.001 |
| Total Operation Time | 26,534 | 306.00 (215.00, 405.00) | 317.00 (228.00, 416.00) | 304.00 (212.00, 403.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
| Length of Total Hospital Stay | 26,342 | 7.00 (5.00, 11.00) | 10.00 (6.00, 17.00) | 7.00 (5.00, 10.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 197 | 97 | 100 | ||
| STILLINHOSP | 26,539 | 569 (2.1%) | 296 (6.6%) | 273 (1.2%) | <0.001 |
| DPRNA | 25,782 | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 0.39 |
| Unknown | 757 | 129 | 628 | ||
| DPRBUN | 24,644 | 8.00 (3.00, 17.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 17.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 17.00) | 0.57 |
| Unknown | 1,895 | 341 | 1,554 | ||
| DPRCREAT | 25,932 | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 17.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 0.86 |
| Unknown | 607 | 104 | 503 | ||
| DPRALBUM | 23,677 | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 0.92 |
| Unknown | 2,862 | 578 | 2,284 | ||
| DPRBILI | 24,361 | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 0.83 |
| Unknown | 2,178 | 404 | 1,774 | ||
| DPRSGOT | 24,026 | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 0.56 |
| Unknown | 2,513 | 476 | 2,037 | ||
| DPRALKPH | 24,356 | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 9.00 (4.00, 19.00) | 0.60 |
| Unknown | 2,183 | 395 | 1,788 | ||
| DPRWBC | 25,924 | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 0.70 |
| Unknown | 615 | 108 | 507 | ||
| DPRHCT | 25,963 | 7.00 (2.00, 16.00) | 7.00 (2.00, 16.00) | 7.00 (2.00, 16.00) | 0.78 |
| Unknown | 576 | 100 | 476 | ||
| DPRPLATE | 25,917 | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 0.76 |
| Unknown | 622 | 111 | 511 | ||
| DPRPTT | 15,300 | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 0.86 |
| Unknown | 11,239 | 1,807 | 9,432 | ||
| DPRPT | 67 | 8.00 (2.50, 22.50) | 13.00 (8.00, 21.50) | 7.00 (2.00, 22.25) | 0.51 |
| Unknown | 26,472 | 4,503 | 21,969 | ||
| DPRINR | 20,674 | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 17.00) | 8.00 (3.00, 16.00) | 0.58 |
| Unknown | 5,865 | 951 | 4,914 | ||
| Pre-operative serum sodium | 25,782 | 139.00 (137.00, 141.00) | 140.00 (138.00, 141.00) | 139.00 (137.00, 141.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 757 | 129 | 628 | ||
| Pre-operative BUN | 24,644 | 14.00 (11.00, 18.00) | 15.00 (11.48, 18.49) | 14.00 (11.00, 18.00) | 0.002 |
| Unknown | 1,895 | 341 | 1,554 | ||
| Pre-operative Creatinine | 25,931 | 0.81 (0.70, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.00) | 0.80 (0.70, 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 608 | 104 | 504 | ||
| Pre-operative Albumin | 23,677 | 3.90 (3.50, 4.30) | 4.00 (3.60, 4.30) | 3.90 (3.50, 4.30) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 2,862 | 578 | 2,284 | ||
| Pre-operative Bilirubin | 24,043 | 0.50 (0.40, 1.00) | 0.50 (0.40, 0.90) | 0.50 (0.40, 1.00) | 0.083 |
| Unknown | 2,496 | 454 | 2,042 | ||
| Pre-operative SGOT | 24,023 | 24.00 (18.00, 39.00) | 23.00 (18.00, 36.00) | 25.00 (18.00, 40.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 2,516 | 476 | 2,040 | ||
| Pre-operative Alkaline Phosphatase | 24,164 | 95.00 (70.00, 158.00) | 89.00 (68.00, 133.00) | 96.00 (71.00, 164.00) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 2,375 | 414 | 1,961 | ||
| Pre-operative WBC | 25,914 | 6.90 (5.52, 8.50) | 7.00 (5.74, 8.60) | 6.83 (5.50, 8.50) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 625 | 110 | 515 | ||
| Pre-operative Hematocrit | 25,960 | 38.70 (35.00, 41.90) | 39.80 (36.10, 42.80) | 38.45 (35.00, 41.60) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 579 | 100 | 479 | ||
| Pre-operative Platelet Count | 25,914 | 237.00 (190.00, 294.00) | 241.00 (195.00, 296.00) | 237.00 (189.00, 294.00) | 0.002 |
| Unknown | 625 | 111 | 514 | ||
| Pre-operative PTT | 15,293 | 29.30 (26.90, 32.00) | 29.10 (26.80, 32.00) | 29.30 (26.90, 32.00) | 0.30 |
| Unknown | 11,246 | 1,808 | 9,438 | ||
| Pre-operative International Normalized Ratio (INR) of PT values | 20,674 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.10) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.10) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.10) | 0.058 |
| Unknown | 5,865 | 951 | 4,914 | ||
| Pre-operative PT | 67 | 11.00 (10.50, 12.25) | 10.70 (10.30, 11.60) | 11.05 (10.50, 12.33) | 0.40 |
| Unknown | 26,472 | 4,503 | 21,969 | ||
|
1
Statistics presented: Median (IQR); n (%)
2
Statistical tests performed: Wilcoxon rank-sum test; chi-square test of independence; Fisher's exact test
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