Caso 4

1.- Cargar Librerias

library(readr)
library(ggplot2)
library(resumeRdesc)

2.- Cargar los datos

set.seed(2020)
n <- 100
media.edad <- 80; ds.edad <-45
media.peso <- 100; ds.peso <- 5
media.estatura <- 1.70; ds.estatura <-0.65

Construir el conjunto de datos personas head(personas); tail(personas); los primeros y ultimos 6 registros u observaciones del conjunto

edad <- round(rnorm(n = n, mean = media.edad, sd = ds.edad),0)
peso <- round(rnorm(n = n, mean = media.peso, sd = ds.peso),2)
estatura <- round(rnorm(n = n, mean = media.estatura, sd = ds.estatura),2)

personas <- data.frame(edad, peso, estatura)

head(personas); tail(personas)

##   edad   peso estatura
## 1   97  91.36     1.23
## 2   94  95.04     2.25
## 3   31  97.07     1.44
## 4   29 101.92     1.96
## 5  -46 103.73     1.02
## 6  112  95.36     0.88

##     edad   peso estatura
## 95    70  96.36     1.91
## 96    45 103.13     1.25
## 97    96  94.54     1.36
## 98   111  97.42     2.88
## 99    56 100.08     1.08
## 100   50 103.30     1.33

Cuartiles 25% 50% y 75%

cuartiles <- quantile(personas$edad, probs = c(0.25,0.50,0.70), type = 6)

cuartiles[1]

##   25% 
## 54.25

cuartiles[2]

## 50% 
##  85

cuartiles[3]

##   70% 
## 106.7

Percentiles * Percentiles es un Vector de 5 posiciones [1],[2],[3],[4],[5]

percentil <- quantile(personas$edad, probs = c(0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.90), type = 7)

percentil[1]

##  10% 
## 26.3

percentil[2]

##  30% 
## 65.1

percentil[3]

## 50% 
##  85

percentil[4]

##   70% 
## 106.3

percentil[5]

##   90% 
## 154.3

Visualizar Datos

Histograma de edad

ggplot(data = personas, aes(edad, colour = 'edad')) +
    geom_histogram(position = "stack", bins = 30)

Densidad de edad

ggplot(data = personas, aes(edad, colour = 'edad')) +
    geom_density()

Histograma media y mediana

ggplot(data = personas, aes(edad)) +
    geom_histogram(bins = 30) + 
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = median(edad),
                  color = "mediana"),
              linetype = "dashed",
              size = 1) +
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = mean(edad),
                  color = "media"),
              linetype = "dashed",
              size = 1) +
  labs(title = "Histograma de Edad",subtitle =  paste("Media = ", round(mean(edad),2), ", Mediana = ", round(median(edad),2))) 

Histograma y Cuartiles juntos

ggplot(data = personas, aes(edad)) +
    geom_histogram(bins = 30) + 
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = cuartiles[1],
                  color = "Q1"),
              linetype = "dashed",
              size = 1) +
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = cuartiles[2],
                  color = "Q2"),
              linetype = "dashed",
              size = 1) +
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = cuartiles[3],
                  color = "Q3"),
              linetype = "dashed",
              size = 1) +  
  labs(title = "Histograma de Edad",subtitle =  paste("Cuartil 1 al 25% = ",round(cuartiles[1],2), ", Cuartil 2 al 50% = ",round(cuartiles[2],2), ", Cuartil 3 al 75% = ",round(cuartiles[3],2)))

Histograma y Percentiles juntos

ggplot(data = personas, aes(edad)) +
    geom_histogram(bins = 30) + 
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = percentil[1],
                  color = "Perc1"),
              linetype = "solid",
              size = 2) +
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = percentil[2],
                  color = "Perc2"),
              linetype = "solid",
              size = 2) +
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = percentil[3],
                  color = "Perc3"),
              linetype = "solid",
              size = 2) +  
      geom_vline(aes(xintercept = percentil[4],
                  color = "Perc4"),
              linetype = "solid",
              size = 2) +
    geom_vline(aes(xintercept = percentil[5],
                  color = "Perc5"),
              linetype = "solid",
              size = 2) + 
  labs(title = "Histograma de Edad. Perc = Percentiles",subtitle =  paste("Perc al 10% = ",round(percentil[1],2), "Perc al 30% = ",round(percentil[2],2),"Perc al 50% = ",round(percentil[3],2),"Perc al 70% = ",round(percentil[4],2),"Perc al 90% = ",round(percentil[5],2)))