#question 1
x <- sqrt(10)
x^3.14## [1] 37.15352#question 2
set.seed(10)
rnorm(n = 1, mean = 1, sd = 1)## [1] 1.018746#question 3
set.seed(11)
rnorm(n = 1, mean = 1, sd = 1)## [1] 0.4089689#question 4
class(islands)## [1] "numeric"#question 5
?step## starting httpd help server ... done#question 6
set.seed(31)
x <- runif(n = 1, min = 10000,max = 1000000)
y <- rep("NaN", x)
length(y)## [1] 526936#question 7
set.seed(202)
rnorm(n = 1, mean = 12.1, sd = 1)## [1] 10.96822#question 8
set.seed(104)
sample(x=LETTERS,
size = 1,
replace = FALSE)## [1] "M"#question 9
set.seed(21)
x1 <- rnorm(n = 10,mean = 10,sd = 2.2)
x2 <- rnorm(n = 10,mean = 11,sd = 2.2)
t.test(x1,x2,var.equal=TRUE)##
## Two Sample t-test
##
## data: x1 and x2
## t = -0.63405, df = 18, p-value = 0.534
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -3.149591 1.689251
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 10.43487 11.16504#question 10
class(islands)## [1] "numeric"#question 17
my<-c( "promoter", "transcription start site", "start codon","coding sequence")
paste( )## character(0)#question 26
set.seed(1.1011)
x <- matrix(data = NA,
nrow = runif(1, 100,1000),
ncol = runif(1, 1000,1000))
dim(x)## [1] 338 1000#question 27
x <- c(10,12,13,14)
summary(x)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 10.00 11.50 12.50 12.25 13.25 14.00#question 28
set.seed(11.34)
x <- rnorm(654, 12,10)
x## [1] 6.08968897 12.26594369 -3.16553097 -1.62653349 23.78489156
## [6] 2.65848680 25.23605646 18.24917790 11.54277044 1.95879424
## [11] 3.71566763 8.51648275 -3.38293397 9.44434755 0.50054967
## [16] 12.12326968 9.77030459 20.87771648 6.07844720 5.44281881
## [21] 5.17482378 11.84141807 7.57395215 15.52557499 12.73170582
## [26] 12.07158800 10.12399889 4.34299354 9.78943179 2.16411413
## [31] 0.95715958 2.61849786 18.78624244 -3.77497865 3.30061542
## [36] 16.84677045 10.13947301 27.45554700 5.88619930 8.52243513
## [41] -4.36516306 12.20381440 20.91742680 3.27250317 20.90050830
## [46] 8.56125654 -9.86781368 20.80058181 19.23856556 14.19852680
## [51] 19.89870574 9.70006100 3.81497517 16.99734157 13.59192348
## [56] 17.42626428 10.43354946 16.38793321 26.87870595 12.60165098
## [61] 3.50987132 35.39693057 10.78797048 -7.50207371 17.38711490
## [66] 28.93514817 4.09031779 1.24739400 5.92124878 19.54401661
## [71] 16.53476063 10.76566320 4.36903178 14.28270088 23.19461916
## [76] 13.56573184 5.11227866 16.52949604 1.32453350 16.01565149
## [81] 11.35226309 15.15496290 5.94318445 2.92415308 34.61608976
## [86] 5.96773292 -0.97862096 17.06451203 3.46665738 -3.06031789
## [91] 24.02328899 1.72134614 21.38269958 6.56845342 17.13095125
## [96] 8.47409117 25.26533287 0.59848153 26.13109938 5.97821216
## [101] 7.58331381 14.43638773 17.96781152 10.79959286 -8.69743476
## [106] 17.85625585 16.89391420 1.93403706 24.69653291 23.23915721
## [111] 20.42483763 28.20609652 16.47665842 -10.98905436 11.20836344
## [116] 6.76935584 7.82420264 15.04877804 11.68625945 13.05124650
## [121] 36.62522114 5.60011185 24.11389192 19.11163260 9.97382180
## [126] 26.11240167 24.88807338 17.85472792 24.78980759 3.26103914
## [131] 10.61397262 0.04800666 15.29410073 1.17566365 6.82679672
## [136] 11.21847331 8.50737196 -10.58304138 9.13467210 14.80600912
## [141] -3.56129119 17.44179733 -3.38507803 9.07540071 10.88804046
## [146] 14.58560164 15.89029071 32.15541676 8.76331022 15.78662065
## [151] -3.95915378 18.71073724 16.25723468 18.89596580 2.09280855
## [156] 20.41735345 28.97634069 27.86400190 4.33606020 9.18075218
## [161] 12.06010746 6.34031510 17.85311325 13.06557759 -1.08348986
## [166] 11.02338064 -2.18686756 9.47087278 12.31146546 11.64972076
## [171] 17.15815648 15.32384409 21.43117510 15.11647466 1.10594880
## [176] 22.62519392 2.09335718 23.49560867 20.81918801 23.61999517
## [181] 11.02482424 11.06767975 18.69602677 4.75255528 34.76120566
## [186] 9.34176815 8.13700569 10.49203894 6.85755987 15.43247266
## [191] 11.69771778 7.02175852 20.71486866 12.74272806 16.15102104
## [196] 39.71382086 29.14233330 -0.34166050 13.74288114 21.83210855
## [201] 18.58280964 28.51998479 -0.55867498 20.81040288 19.42550528
## [206] 12.08741561 8.38531749 6.70399789 1.57142366 -0.73496341
## [211] 19.32037331 18.77262471 3.54984512 7.01725250 26.23028710
## [216] 7.19493046 4.28731348 21.38922062 1.85286878 10.42885963
## [221] 13.36448620 15.65970651 15.66380810 7.79213145 3.00427609
## [226] 11.74679905 12.24813976 17.61003817 -4.38896069 5.74055041
## [231] 21.69328438 12.42900072 -8.40133797 14.85952288 -6.82827670
## [236] 10.49288882 10.66756126 25.75396821 1.82325399 20.09377489
## [241] 21.56915832 18.38131349 29.91972907 23.71792720 26.40118341
## [246] -1.06279963 11.75240218 16.90431110 -4.86270765 3.70379171
## [251] 9.61345874 11.74204116 21.00170667 26.29278738 12.59445782
## [256] 6.51112050 20.18184410 7.54539059 8.39499644 10.40452242
## [261] 15.57706152 -10.23762582 10.84627175 -0.24038345 0.04845733
## [266] 18.31337248 -4.96650022 14.27301517 8.89790463 24.24538424
## [271] 5.41800370 8.73917591 38.50761846 20.38799943 3.97037213
## [276] 10.43282676 1.63698915 -2.15306622 21.08108597 6.00772146
## [281] 8.06582884 1.78433669 10.35487198 12.31075076 12.00848999
## [286] 25.43455828 -4.53342285 28.32498204 16.81806536 -4.40223511
## [291] 1.58749657 12.80337577 13.54902757 18.41111911 13.27428740
## [296] 27.70465153 13.91960608 7.45722464 3.81121012 15.01143514
## [301] -3.50050902 4.74804005 4.02258273 32.65500447 32.49258723
## [306] 19.86209454 13.80870970 5.20622506 26.63783307 16.44701187
## [311] -3.83637340 13.20832955 4.70393472 6.83189644 23.35209983
## [316] 8.81304534 12.92775341 18.27523395 9.12758320 14.76924545
## [321] 15.58783697 2.77999655 2.01049398 9.22545253 13.53750788
## [326] 0.93486043 10.70769655 24.92740448 13.55493169 13.38991330
## [331] 2.74181941 5.62525283 -11.84519560 14.07068447 12.87984879
## [336] 18.69134521 -6.66990967 -3.23126050 34.17789590 -10.18545075
## [341] -3.38744013 18.33034071 16.11134597 6.16056730 21.42578305
## [346] 6.65530055 -2.47416130 5.20331134 11.21356134 10.43523076
## [351] 13.77034980 9.78658222 21.01519800 11.50685807 7.62042531
## [356] 16.71701948 19.14834222 14.01292101 7.86817412 15.43263736
## [361] 3.21235069 23.88114926 26.92259501 19.55229521 -2.00531333
## [366] 9.16021666 12.10606658 17.42159210 7.33703866 -5.56662999
## [371] 17.43870287 25.62603698 2.69659981 -9.77220276 24.83523796
## [376] 8.43991684 21.74272532 -3.01631325 8.29011734 9.78648618
## [381] 2.89354520 10.00581219 24.22224741 17.65356304 13.76239307
## [386] 20.55901753 26.96136472 23.52857315 11.51614701 22.67783746
## [391] 27.43517829 18.60799968 8.58571581 32.11646416 16.41210221
## [396] 17.01538714 13.86055522 -4.41691323 10.99322923 8.72322669
## [401] 25.43033453 1.60139839 23.82886265 -16.02106798 22.40603129
## [406] 14.17894139 18.29436202 2.41713477 -4.55368727 32.68556601
## [411] -0.27984339 19.63640780 27.84846705 23.95444292 12.74108499
## [416] 4.91225667 7.02050121 2.48971280 15.11656776 18.07331502
## [421] -3.58766947 19.48739770 14.43657012 19.01453484 18.29088808
## [426] -0.36927245 8.78824128 2.47562680 11.25822856 15.36418386
## [431] 10.03666985 18.38756732 21.53404926 -2.36651738 18.84903287
## [436] 16.41028135 -3.03378811 7.18359679 7.89181195 15.90918537
## [441] 4.87401268 23.40436488 18.64438974 12.52407878 24.72731866
## [446] 22.39257411 14.20200486 25.03813601 2.91476911 11.49505648
## [451] -1.67167501 29.70204633 0.73692363 29.78580168 25.38226589
## [456] 11.96936607 11.51727069 6.22487408 -3.47785488 -5.53863057
## [461] 21.39521143 11.84075776 10.61776033 14.49906080 8.07833614
## [466] 6.04198446 -2.90360962 -0.27919637 9.69418185 4.26461629
## [471] 8.18305099 -5.71763709 16.60477664 14.12103496 13.95246101
## [476] 5.52800501 20.30447674 29.11637878 15.62671863 13.59168524
## [481] 13.30340441 28.04454650 -0.39298427 12.20426473 29.67528777
## [486] 23.30685185 29.69391691 9.59536300 11.22427393 0.09825311
## [491] 15.86069808 10.58728647 10.90616220 -6.47253501 -5.88757176
## [496] 11.98468029 24.83960625 21.15803354 35.32904241 33.36213008
## [501] 21.45140122 -1.43239556 16.12212292 21.32774895 2.74656790
## [506] 18.12181599 4.43279627 14.60391916 11.04689658 -3.73800743
## [511] 20.79401490 20.18298521 11.24506621 9.29781103 16.70685165
## [516] 15.96706075 25.69496608 15.84882573 1.44523679 16.87695618
## [521] -7.25183440 6.28362796 42.25843780 -1.57767828 19.72978537
## [526] 32.50756001 16.02932496 36.74541294 4.30956565 10.31398218
## [531] 11.50579378 8.06483465 9.74096876 11.24534028 15.75364201
## [536] 13.16817335 7.87869367 21.33760361 4.13599355 16.61828744
## [541] 4.78067239 22.29791414 7.33498334 14.61008004 11.46588592
## [546] 9.27765217 8.76770799 17.34208790 26.49036620 29.19678307
## [551] 5.79928945 8.68647168 24.24718847 -13.13987917 -0.41779333
## [556] 13.78261680 2.92838496 39.84715002 30.58713614 1.19611876
## [561] 1.17444406 17.90717713 5.98464487 16.44003870 6.98585136
## [566] 9.66740453 20.01394885 28.44241770 11.51500714 2.86730933
## [571] 9.72805733 5.29382766 3.63657962 -1.60929296 23.48538257
## [576] 9.10987164 28.43447462 5.39470865 -3.30484964 -3.93311368
## [581] 6.73380577 1.54050597 -3.37809999 16.65851187 16.23000052
## [586] 9.26384008 14.95989250 18.34695000 11.35179825 22.39403847
## [591] 27.59887163 31.11399874 12.30342493 25.45953857 19.70977130
## [596] 10.14899238 24.72200967 4.30778722 16.60500318 5.84532728
## [601] 15.30376175 3.82195637 15.49736145 2.87671128 -10.32608102
## [606] 14.26436230 21.67153343 18.18564670 12.66145057 22.24088809
## [611] 8.97364163 17.35405444 11.77403850 13.17476956 4.51831548
## [616] 14.32635601 21.67699918 17.15791088 1.24517754 -6.01474983
## [621] 25.51370180 22.90695005 8.41652718 11.11122968 0.16720200
## [626] 10.86796494 10.16021274 17.35509470 28.33465348 10.85739537
## [631] 18.45966920 6.61010126 21.22615247 29.12998202 4.10060314
## [636] 2.36657407 -5.40673001 34.26371621 28.81345018 2.63367794
## [641] 2.24201656 12.76456119 18.52770242 9.72481000 27.99600453
## [646] 20.43669699 19.38100089 19.07570401 4.17422624 14.86098238
## [651] 24.72305433 -2.68894435 22.11011897 11.61485707