SOC 2220 Discussion Section

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# SOC 2220 Discussion Section
## Week 3
### Xuewen Yan
### 2020-09-18

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# Housekeeping

- No section changes any more (Sep 16th)

- Reflection paper due 9/21

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# Reflection paper citations

- In-text citation

![Alt text](Capture1.PNG)

- References

![Alt text](Capture2.PNG)

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# Automated citation tools

- Journal website--cite

- Software: Paperpile; Mendeley, Zotero

- Google scholar (no ASA...)

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# Concept Review: Definitions (10 min breakout room discussion):

2. Social vs economic mobility

2. Relative vs absolute mobility

3. Intra- vs intergenerational mobility

4. Social mobility vs inequality

4. Welfare state

4. Social welfare vs social insurance programs

3. Risks of poverty (Brady, Finnigan and Hubgen 2017)

5. Prevalence vs Penalties  (Brady, Finnigan and Hubgen 2017)

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# Mobility

1. Social mobility: movement across the **social class** ladders (commonly used by sociologists; occupational groupings; SES)

2. Economic mobility: movement across the **income** ladders (commonly used by economists)

1. Intra-generational mobility: ability of people to move up or down the social ladder **within one’s lifetime**

2. Inter-generational mobility: ability of people to move up or down the social ladder **from one generation to the next**

3. Absolute mobility: the change of socioeconomic conditions (usually across generations)

4. Relative mobility: the change of people's **relative rankings** in socioeconomic conditions (usually across generations)

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# Social mobility vs inequality

1. Mobility related to but `\(\neq\)` inequality

3. Don't have to correlate theoretically

2. Empirical observation: Countries with larger inequality tend to have lower rates of mobility

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# Welfare system

1.  Welfare state: A system or concept of government in which the state undertakes to protect and promote the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need (US?)

1.	Social welfare program : social assistance targeting low-income families and people (food-stamps,Medicaid); means-tested

2.	Social insurance program: Protection from loss of earnings for all *workers* (Medicare);

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# Brady, Finnigan and Hubgen 2017

1. Risks of poverty: individual labor market and family characteristics that are more common among the poor than the nonpoor
  
  + Unemployment; single motherhood; young headship; low education
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1. Prevalence: share of the population with a risk of poverty

2. Penalties: increased probability of poverty associated with a risk

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# Activity 1: Chasing the American Dream

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/chasing-the-dream/your-american-dream-score/

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# Activity 1: Chasing the American Dream

1. What was your list of barriers according to the quiz? Do you resonate?

2. What was your list of advantages according to the quiz? Do you resonate?

2. Do you feel it was social structure, you or your families' choices, or luck/fate, that played a key role in prompting your circumstances today?

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# Activity 2: Choosing a mobility measure

Say your team is a group of researchers from government-sponsored think tank, and you need to write an analytic report on socioeconomic mobility in America.

- What measures of mobility will you choose to include in your report? Why?