LBB Neural Network
Roji
8/23/2020
Introduction
Code ini bertujuan untuk melatih machine learning agar mampu mengenali angka dalam suatu gambar. Data diambil dari kaggle competition “Digit Recognizer”: https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer/data?select=train.csv
library(dplyr)## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 3.6.3##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(keras)## Warning: package 'keras' was built under R version 3.6.3library(neuralnet)## Warning: package 'neuralnet' was built under R version 3.6.3##
## Attaching package: 'neuralnet'## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## compute- read data
digit <- read.csv("data_input/train.csv")
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## 6 0 0 0 0- eksplorasi data
2.1 cek ukuran gambar
# ukuran gambar
sqrt(784)## [1] 28# jumlah gambar
nrow(digit)## [1] 420002.2 cek proporsi variabel target(label)
table(digit$label) %>%
plot()
- cross validation
library(rsample)## Warning: package 'rsample' was built under R version 3.6.2## Loading required package: tidyr## Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 3.6.2set.seed(100)
idx <- initial_split(digit, prop = 0.8, strata = "label")
digit_train <- training(idx)
digit_val <- testing(idx)
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## 7 0 0 0 0- ubah data menjadi matrix
digit_train <- data.matrix(digit_train)
digit_val <- data.matrix(digit_val)
class(digit_train)## [1] "matrix"- pisahkan x dan y
train_x <- digit_train[ , -1]
train_y <- digit_train[ , 1]
val_x <- digit_val[ ,-1]
val_y <- digit_val[, 1]- Persiapan data
6.1 ubah data menjadi array
train_x_keras <- array_reshape(
train_x,
dim = dim(train_x)
)
val_x_keras <- array_reshape(
val_x,
dim = dim(val_x)
)6.2 pre-processing lanjutan
- “scale” predictor
train_x_keras <- train_x_keras/255
val_x_keras <- val_x_keras/255 range(train_x_keras)## [1] 0 16.3 membuat dummy dari target kategorikal
train_y_keras <- to_categorical(train_y)
head(train_y_keras)## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [2,] 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [3,] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
## [4,] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [5,] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [6,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0- Membuat model
# keras initialization
model_digit <- keras_model_sequential()
# pembentukan arsitektur
model_digit %>%
layer_dense(
input_shape = 784,
units = 2^6,
activation = "relu",
name = "hidden1"
) %>%
layer_dense(
units = 2^5,
activation = "relu",
name = "hidden2"
) %>%
layer_dense(
units = 10,
activation = "softmax",
name = "output"
)summary(model_digit)## Model: "sequential"
## ________________________________________________________________________________
## Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
## ================================================================================
## hidden1 (Dense) (None, 64) 50240
## ________________________________________________________________________________
## hidden2 (Dense) (None, 32) 2080
## ________________________________________________________________________________
## output (Dense) (None, 10) 330
## ================================================================================
## Total params: 52,650
## Trainable params: 52,650
## Non-trainable params: 0
## ________________________________________________________________________________8.compile model
# compile model
model_digit %>%
compile(
loss = "categorical_crossentropy",
optimizer = optimizer_adam(lr = 0.01),
metrics = c("accuracy")
)- Train model
fit(
model_digit,
x = train_x_keras,
y = train_y_keras,
epochs = 6,
batch_size = 10
)- Prediksi
pred <- predict_classes(
object = model_digit,
x = val_x_keras
)
head(pred)## [1] 1 3 8 1 1 6- Evaluasi
library(caret)## Warning: package 'caret' was built under R version 3.6.2## Loading required package: lattice## Loading required package: ggplot2## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 3.6.2confusionMatrix(
as.factor(pred),
as.factor(val_y)
)## Confusion Matrix and Statistics
##
## Reference
## Prediction 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## 0 799 0 3 1 2 2 5 0 1 5
## 1 0 920 9 2 1 0 3 2 6 2
## 2 2 1 777 17 5 5 3 12 6 7
## 3 0 1 9 826 0 8 1 1 3 17
## 4 2 1 4 0 763 2 6 3 4 39
## 5 0 0 1 14 0 709 7 2 14 3
## 6 6 1 5 0 3 3 798 0 0 0
## 7 0 2 9 4 3 0 0 855 0 10
## 8 11 12 22 12 10 12 16 1 767 11
## 9 0 1 0 3 18 2 0 8 3 752
##
## Overall Statistics
##
## Accuracy : 0.9486
## 95% CI : (0.9436, 0.9532)
## No Information Rate : 0.1118
## P-Value [Acc > NIR] : < 2.2e-16
##
## Kappa : 0.9428
##
## Mcnemar's Test P-Value : NA
##
## Statistics by Class:
##
## Class: 0 Class: 1 Class: 2 Class: 3 Class: 4 Class: 5
## Sensitivity 0.97439 0.9798 0.92610 0.93970 0.94783 0.95424
## Specificity 0.99749 0.9966 0.99233 0.99468 0.99197 0.99464
## Pos Pred Value 0.97677 0.9735 0.93054 0.95381 0.92597 0.94533
## Neg Pred Value 0.99723 0.9975 0.99180 0.99296 0.99445 0.99555
## Prevalence 0.09764 0.1118 0.09990 0.10467 0.09586 0.08847
## Detection Rate 0.09514 0.1095 0.09252 0.09836 0.09085 0.08442
## Detection Prevalence 0.09740 0.1125 0.09943 0.10312 0.09812 0.08931
## Balanced Accuracy 0.98594 0.9882 0.95921 0.96719 0.96990 0.97444
## Class: 6 Class: 7 Class: 8 Class: 9
## Sensitivity 0.95113 0.9672 0.95398 0.88889
## Specificity 0.99762 0.9963 0.98591 0.99537
## Pos Pred Value 0.97794 0.9683 0.87757 0.95553
## Neg Pred Value 0.99459 0.9961 0.99508 0.98765
## Prevalence 0.09990 0.1053 0.09574 0.10074
## Detection Rate 0.09502 0.1018 0.09133 0.08955
## Detection Prevalence 0.09717 0.1051 0.10407 0.09371
## Balanced Accuracy 0.97438 0.9817 0.96995 0.94213- Test dengan data test/submission 12.1 Baca Data
test_digit <- read.csv("data_input/test.csv")
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## 6 0 0 012.2 persiapkan data
- ubah data menjadi matrix
test_matrix <- data.matrix(test_digit)
class(digit_train)## [1] "matrix"- ubah data menjadi array
test_keras <- array_reshape(
test_matrix,
dim = dim(test_matrix)
)6.2 pre-processing lanjutan
- “scale” predictor
test_keras <- test_keras/255 range(test_keras)## [1] 0 1pred <- predict_classes(
object = model_digit,
x = test_keras
)
head(pred)## [1] 2 0 9 9 3 7