Weather events in the United States. Health and economics analysis.
Gil Huesca
8/9/2020
Introduction
Storms and other severe weather events can cause both public health and economic problems for communities and municipalities. Many severe events can result in fatalities, injuries, and property damage, and preventing such outcomes to the extent possible is a key concern.
This project involves exploring the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) storm database. This database tracks characteristics of major storms and weather events in the United States, including when and where they occur, as well as estimates of any fatalities, injuries, and property damage.
Data
The data for this assignment come in the form of a comma-separated-value file compressed via the bzip2 algorithm to reduce its size. You can download the file here:
There is also some documentation of the database available. Here you will find how some of the variables are constructed/defined.
- National Weather Service Storm Data Documentation
- National Climatic Data Center Storm Events FAQ
The events in the database start in the year 1950 and end in November 2011. In the earlier years of the database there are generally fewer events recorded, most likely due to a lack of good records. More recent years should be considered more complete.
Synopsis
This analysis tries to answer the following questions
- Across the United States, which types of events are most harmful with respect to population health? The process to get this is:
- Characterize population by showing the summary for population health
- Show the event types
- Summarize both populations (injuries and fatalities)
- Plot the six lowest values and the six highest values for both populations by type of event
- Plot the six lowest values and the six highest values for the addition of injuries and fatalities by type of events
- Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences? The process to get this is:
- Characterize population by showing the summary for economics
- Plot the six lowest values and the six highest values for the addition of property and crop economic damage
Data Processing
We can load data by reading the file directly from the site with the following statement:
#data<-read.csv("https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/repdata%2Fdata%2FStormData.csv.bz2")Or we can download the file to the project workspace and load it using the following statement:
data<-read.csv("repdata_data_StormData.csv.bz2")In order to minimize the connections to that server, we are using the second option for this project. That’s why the first code is commented.
To get better comparisons, we extract the information for observations where FATALITIES or INJURIES have a value different from zero. This because there are many events with a value of 0.
#needed to process second question
library(plyr)
# for question 1
# taking out values equal to 0. This is because we can focus the work
# with the values that are bigger to get more valuable information
dataFatalities<-data[data$FATALITIES!=0,]
dataInjuries<-data[data$INJURIES!=0,]
#for question 2
# mapping character to its real value. This will be useful to get the
# economic damage values in the same scale.
# K = 1000
# M or m = 1000000
# B = 1000000000
# Anything else = 1
mappingPROPDMG <- mapvalues(data$PROPDMGEXP,
c("K","M","", "B","m","+","0","5","6","?","4","2","3","h","7","H","-","1","8"),
c(1000,1000000, 1, 1000000000,1000000, 1, 1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1))
# K or k = 1000
# M or m = 1000000
# B = 1000000000
# Anything else = 1
mappingCROPDMG <- mapvalues(data$CROPDMGEXP,
c("","M","K","m","B","?","0","k","2"),
c( 1,1000000,1000,1000000,1000000000,1,1,1000,1))
data$PROPDMGTotal <- as.numeric(mappingPROPDMG) * data$PROPDMG
data$CROPDMGTotal <- as.numeric(mappingCROPDMG) * data$CROPDMGProcessing
Population health
dimData <- dim(data)
dimFatalities <- dim(dataFatalities)
dimInjuries <- dim(dataInjuries)The following information is per observation
In total, we have 902297 observations. In those data, we have 6974 observations that have a FATALITIES value different from 0. And we have 17604 observations that have a INJURIES value different from 0.
We can see a summary of the three sets in the next tables.
Summary for all the data in FATALITIES
summary(data$FATALITIES)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0168 0.0000 583.0000Summary forobservations that have a FATALITIES value different from 0
summary(dataFatalities$FATALITIES)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.172 2.000 583.000Summary for all the data in INJURIES
summary(data$INJURIES)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1557 0.0000 1700.0000Summary forobservations that have a INJURIES value different from 0
summary(dataInjuries$INJURIES)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.000 1.000 2.000 7.983 4.000 1700.000events <- unique(data$EVTYPE)On the other hand, we have 985 types of events. those are:
events## [1] "TORNADO" "TSTM WIND"
## [3] "HAIL" "FREEZING RAIN"
## [5] "SNOW" "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD"
## [7] "SNOW/ICE" "WINTER STORM"
## [9] "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [11] "RECORD COLD" "HURRICANE ERIN"
## [13] "HURRICANE OPAL" "HEAVY RAIN"
## [15] "LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [17] "DENSE FOG" "RIP CURRENT"
## [19] "THUNDERSTORM WINS" "FLASH FLOOD"
## [21] "FLASH FLOODING" "HIGH WINDS"
## [23] "FUNNEL CLOUD" "TORNADO F0"
## [25] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [27] "HEAT" "WIND"
## [29] "LIGHTING" "HEAVY RAINS"
## [31] "LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN" "FUNNEL"
## [33] "WALL CLOUD" "FLOODING"
## [35] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "FLOOD"
## [37] "COLD" "HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING"
## [39] "FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI" "WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [41] "THUNDERSTORM" "WATERSPOUT"
## [43] "EXTREME COLD" "HAIL 1.75)"
## [45] "LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN" "HIGH WIND"
## [47] "BLIZZARD" "BLIZZARD WEATHER"
## [49] "WIND CHILL" "BREAKUP FLOODING"
## [51] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD" "RIVER FLOOD"
## [53] "HEAVY SNOW" "FREEZE"
## [55] "COASTAL FLOOD" "HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES"
## [57] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA" "HIGH TIDES"
## [59] "HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW" "RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND"
## [61] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE" "RECORD HIGH"
## [63] "HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS" "HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD"
## [65] "ICE STORM" "BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND"
## [67] "HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH"
## [69] "RECORD LOW" "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL"
## [71] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING" "LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD"
## [73] "AVALANCHE" "MARINE MISHAP"
## [75] "WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD"
## [77] "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL" "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW"
## [79] "HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD" "FLOOD WATCH/"
## [81] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES" "HIGH WIND/SEAS"
## [83] "HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "HIGH SEAS"
## [85] "SEVERE TURBULENCE" "RECORD RAINFALL"
## [87] "RECORD SNOWFALL" "RECORD WARMTH"
## [89] "HEAVY SNOW/WIND" "EXTREME HEAT"
## [91] "WIND DAMAGE" "DUST STORM"
## [93] "APACHE COUNTY" "SLEET"
## [95] "HAIL STORM" "FUNNEL CLOUDS"
## [97] "FLASH FLOODS" "DUST DEVIL"
## [99] "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU"
## [101] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND" "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [103] "GUSTY WINDS" "STRONG WINDS"
## [105] "FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN" "SNOW AND WIND"
## [107] "HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAVY SURF"
## [109] "HEAVY PRECIPATATION" "URBAN FLOODING"
## [111] "HIGH SURF" "BLOWING DUST"
## [113] "URBAN/SMALL" "WILD FIRES"
## [115] "HIGH" "URBAN/SMALL FLOODING"
## [117] "WATER SPOUT" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [119] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "LOCAL FLOOD"
## [121] "WINTER STORMS" "MUDSLIDES"
## [123] "RAINSTORM" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM"
## [125] "SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [127] "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST"
## [129] "FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [131] "WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST 61"
## [133] "THUNDERSTORMS" "FLASH FLOOD WINDS"
## [135] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING" "MICROBURST"
## [137] "STRONG WIND" "HIGH WIND DAMAGE"
## [139] "STREAM FLOODING" "URBAN AND SMALL"
## [141] "HEAVY SNOWPACK" "ICE"
## [143] "FLASH FLOOD/" "DOWNBURST"
## [145] "GUSTNADO AND" "FLOOD/RAIN/WIND"
## [147] "WET MICROBURST" "DOWNBURST WINDS"
## [149] "DRY MICROBURST WINDS" "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS"
## [151] "DRY MICROBURST 53" "SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD"
## [153] "MICROBURST WINDS" "HIGH WINDS 57"
## [155] "DRY MICROBURST 50" "HIGH WINDS 66"
## [157] "HIGH WINDS 76" "HIGH WINDS 63"
## [159] "HIGH WINDS 67" "BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW"
## [161] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS" "BLOWING SNOW"
## [163] "HIGH WINDS 82" "HIGH WINDS 80"
## [165] "HIGH WINDS 58" "FREEZING DRIZZLE"
## [167] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "DRY MICROBURST 58"
## [169] "HAIL 75" "HIGH WINDS 73"
## [171] "HIGH WINDS 55" "LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET"
## [173] "URBAN FLOOD" "DRY MICROBURST 84"
## [175] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60" "HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING"
## [177] "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "TORNADOS"
## [179] "GLAZE" "RECORD HEAT"
## [181] "COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAT WAVE"
## [183] "FIRST SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET"
## [185] "UNSEASONABLY DRY" "UNSEASONABLY WET"
## [187] "WINTRY MIX" "WINTER WEATHER"
## [189] "UNSEASONABLY COLD" "EXTREME/RECORD COLD"
## [191] "RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF" "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW"
## [193] "UNSEASONABLY WARM" "DROUGHT"
## [195] "NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING"
## [197] "DRY" "RAIN/SNOW"
## [199] "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET" "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO"
## [201] "WATERSPOUTS" "WATERSPOUT TORNADO"
## [203] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "STORM SURGE"
## [205] "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT-"
## [207] "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL" "TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO"
## [209] "TROPICAL STORM" "TROPICAL STORM GORDON"
## [211] "TROPICAL STORM JERRY" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [213] "WAYTERSPOUT" "MINOR FLOODING"
## [215] "LIGHTNING INJURY" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [217] "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53"
## [219] "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM"
## [221] "WILDFIRE" "DAMAGING FREEZE"
## [223] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13" "SMALL HAIL"
## [225] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND" "HURRICANE"
## [227] "WILD/FOREST FIRE" "SMALL STREAM FLOODING"
## [229] "MUD SLIDE" "LIGNTNING"
## [231] "FROST" "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW"
## [233] "HIGH WINDS/" "THUNDERSNOW"
## [235] "FLOODS" "EXTREME WIND CHILLS"
## [237] "COOL AND WET" "HEAVY RAIN/SNOW"
## [239] "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN" "SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD"
## [241] "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "SEVERE COLD"
## [243] "GLAZE ICE" "COLD WAVE"
## [245] "EARLY SNOW" "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD"
## [247] "HIGH WINDS" "RURAL FLOOD"
## [249] "SMALL STREAM AND" "MUD SLIDES"
## [251] "HAIL 80" "EXTREME WIND CHILL"
## [253] "COLD AND WET CONDITIONS" "EXCESSIVE WETNESS"
## [255] "GRADIENT WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [257] "SLEET/ICE STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD"
## [259] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA" "ROTATING WALL CLOUD"
## [261] "LARGE WALL CLOUD" "COLD AIR FUNNEL"
## [263] "GUSTNADO" "COLD AIR FUNNELS"
## [265] "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI" "SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [267] "GROUND BLIZZARD" "MAJOR FLOOD"
## [269] "SNOW/HEAVY SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN/SLEET"
## [271] "ICE JAM FLOODING" "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL"
## [273] "STREET FLOOD" "COLD AIR TORNADO"
## [275] "SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "FOG"
## [277] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2" "FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL"
## [279] "ICE/SNOW" "TSTM WIND 51"
## [281] "TSTM WIND 50" "TSTM WIND 52"
## [283] "TSTM WIND 55" "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD"
## [285] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61" "HAIL 0.75"
## [287] "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE" "THUNDERTORM WINDS"
## [289] "HAIL 1.00" "HAIL/WINDS"
## [291] "SNOW AND ICE" "WIND STORM"
## [293] "SNOWSTORM" "GRASS FIRES"
## [295] "LAKE FLOOD" "PROLONG COLD"
## [297] "HAIL/WIND" "HAIL 1.75"
## [299] "THUNDERSTORMW 50" "WIND/HAIL"
## [301] "SNOW AND ICE STORM" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN"
## [303] "THUNDERSTORMS WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [305] "HEAVY SNOW/SLEET" "AGRICULTURAL FREEZE"
## [307] "DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT" "TUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [309] "TROPICAL STORM DEAN" "THUNDERTSORM WIND"
## [311] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING"
## [313] "HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER" "THUNDESTORM WINDS"
## [315] "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO" "LIGHTNING."
## [317] "WARM DRY CONDITIONS" "HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS"
## [319] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM" "RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD"
## [321] "HIGH WIND 63" "COASTAL SURGE"
## [323] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "MINOR FLOOD"
## [325] "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD" "RAIN"
## [327] "RIVER FLOODING" "SNOW/RAIN"
## [329] "ICE FLOES" "HIGH WAVES"
## [331] "SNOW SQUALLS" "SNOW SQUALL"
## [333] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G50" "LIGHTNING FIRE"
## [335] "BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN" "HEAVY LAKE SNOW"
## [337] "HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN" "LAKE EFFECT SNOW"
## [339] "HEAVY WET SNOW" "DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT"
## [341] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "THUNDERSTROM WINDS"
## [343] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN" "HAIL 225"
## [345] "BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE"
## [347] "ICE STORM AND SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW"
## [349] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE" "BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [351] "LOW WIND CHILL" "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH"
## [353] "WATERSPOUT/" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM"
## [355] "TORNADO F3" "FUNNEL CLOUD."
## [357] "TORNDAO" "HAIL 0.88"
## [359] "FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD" "MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING"
## [361] "TORNADO F1" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G"
## [363] "DEEP HAIL" "GLAZE/ICE STORM"
## [365] "HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM" "AVALANCE"
## [367] "BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [369] "ICE JAM" "FOREST FIRES"
## [371] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G60" "FROST\\FREEZE"
## [373] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS." "HAIL 88"
## [375] "HAIL 175" "HVY RAIN"
## [377] "HAIL 100" "HAIL 150"
## [379] "HAIL 075" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G55"
## [381] "HAIL 125" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60"
## [383] "HARD FREEZE" "HAIL 200"
## [385] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62"
## [387] "WILDFIRES" "RECORD HEAT WAVE"
## [389] "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD"
## [391] "HAIL FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD"
## [393] "HIGH WIND 70" "WET SNOW"
## [395] "HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD" "LOCAL FLASH FLOOD"
## [397] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53" "FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING"
## [399] "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT" "RAIN AND WIND"
## [401] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 52"
## [403] "COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD" "SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [405] "BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF"
## [407] "FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD" "EXCESSIVE RAIN"
## [409] "RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT" "HEAT WAVES"
## [411] "LIGHT SNOW" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 69"
## [413] "HAIL DAMAGE" "LIGHTNING DAMAGE"
## [415] "RECORD TEMPERATURES" "LIGHTNING AND WINDS"
## [417] "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES" "OTHER"
## [419] "RECORD SNOW" "SNOW/COLD"
## [421] "FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS" "TSTM WIND G58"
## [423] "MUDSLIDE" "HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS"
## [425] "HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS" "HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS"
## [427] "ICY ROADS" "HEAVY MIX"
## [429] "SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "LACK OF SNOW"
## [431] "SNOW/SLEET" "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [433] "SNOW DROUGHT" "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS"
## [435] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH"
## [437] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING"
## [439] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES"
## [441] "TORRENTIAL RAIN" "TORNADO F2"
## [443] "RIP CURRENTS" "HURRICANE EMILY"
## [445] "HURRICANE GORDON" "HURRICANE FELIX"
## [447] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH"
## [449] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE" "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO"
## [451] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH" "FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN"
## [453] "THUNDERSTORM WIND." "FLASH FLOOD/ STREET"
## [455] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH." "HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN"
## [457] "DAM FAILURE" "THUNDERSTORM HAIL"
## [459] "HAIL 088" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [461] "LIGHTNING WAUSEON" "THUDERSTORM WINDS"
## [463] "ICE AND SNOW" "RECORD COLD/FROST"
## [465] "STORM FORCE WINDS" "FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW"
## [467] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND" "SOUTHEAST"
## [469] "HEAVY SNOW & ICE" "FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING"
## [471] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "HAIL/ICY ROADS"
## [473] "FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN" "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;"
## [475] "HEAVY PRECIPITATION" "TSTM WIND DAMAGE"
## [477] "HIGH WATER" "FLOOD FLASH"
## [479] "RAIN/WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50"
## [481] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52" "FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH"
## [483] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52" "SNOW SHOWERS"
## [485] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G51" "HEAT WAVE DROUGHT"
## [487] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE" "RECORD SNOW/COLD"
## [489] "WET WEATHER" "UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY"
## [491] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL"
## [493] "TIDAL FLOOD" "BEACH EROSIN"
## [495] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G61" "FLOOD/FLASH"
## [497] "LOW TEMPERATURE" "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN"
## [499] "HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING" "THUNDERESTORM WINDS"
## [501] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING" "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS"
## [503] "HIGHWAY FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM W INDS"
## [505] "HYPOTHERMIA" "FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD"
## [507] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 50" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [509] "HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD" "MUD/ROCK SLIDE"
## [511] "HIGH WINDS/COLD" "BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD"
## [513] "COLD/WINDS" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [515] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 56" "SNOW SLEET"
## [517] "DRY HOT WEATHER" "COLD WEATHER"
## [519] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "HAIL ALOFT"
## [521] "EARLY FREEZE" "ICE/STRONG WINDS"
## [523] "EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [525] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "EARLY FROST"
## [527] "SNOWMELT FLOODING" "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS"
## [529] "SNOW ACCUMULATION" "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [531] "SNOW/ ICE" "SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [533] "TORNADOES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL"
## [535] "FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD" "HAIL 275"
## [537] "HAIL 450" "FLASH FLOOODING"
## [539] "EXCESSIVE RAINFALL" "THUNDERSTORMW"
## [541] "HAILSTORM" "TSTM WINDS"
## [543] "BEACH FLOOD" "HAILSTORMS"
## [545] "TSTMW" "FUNNELS"
## [547] "TSTM WIND 65)" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD"
## [549] "HEAVY RAINFALL" "HEAT/DROUGHT"
## [551] "HEAT DROUGHT" "NEAR RECORD SNOW"
## [553] "LANDSLIDE" "HIGH WIND AND SEAS"
## [555] "THUNDERSTORMWINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [557] "SLEET/SNOW" "EXCESSIVE"
## [559] "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN" "WILD/FOREST FIRES"
## [561] "HEAVY SEAS" "DUSTSTORM"
## [563] "FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN" "?"
## [565] "THUNDERSTROM WIND" "FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD"
## [567] "SNOW AND COLD" "HOT PATTERN"
## [569] "PROLONG COLD/SNOW" "BRUSH FIRES"
## [571] "SNOW\\COLD" "WINTER MIX"
## [573] "EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION" "SNOWFALL RECORD"
## [575] "HOT/DRY PATTERN" "DRY PATTERN"
## [577] "MILD/DRY PATTERN" "MILD PATTERN"
## [579] "LANDSLIDES" "HEAVY SHOWERS"
## [581] "HEAVY SNOW AND" "HIGH WIND 48"
## [583] "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW" "BRUSH FIRE"
## [585] "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD" "URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [587] "SAHARAN DUST" "HEAVY SHOWER"
## [589] "URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE" "HEAVY SWELLS"
## [591] "URBAN SMALL" "URBAN FLOODS"
## [593] "SMALL STREAM" "HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD"
## [595] "FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE" "LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD"
## [597] "HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN" "FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES"
## [599] "EXTREME WINDCHILL" "URBAN/SML STREAM FLD"
## [601] "TSTM WIND/HAIL" "Other"
## [603] "Record dry month" "Temperature record"
## [605] "Minor Flooding" "Ice jam flood (minor"
## [607] "High Wind" "Tstm Wind"
## [609] "ROUGH SURF" "Wind"
## [611] "Heavy Surf" "Dust Devil"
## [613] "Wind Damage" "Marine Accident"
## [615] "Snow" "Freeze"
## [617] "Snow Squalls" "Coastal Flooding"
## [619] "Heavy Rain" "Strong Wind"
## [621] "COASTAL STORM" "COASTALFLOOD"
## [623] "Erosion/Cstl Flood" "Heavy Rain and Wind"
## [625] "Light Snow/Flurries" "Wet Month"
## [627] "Wet Year" "Tidal Flooding"
## [629] "River Flooding" "Damaging Freeze"
## [631] "Beach Erosion" "Hot and Dry"
## [633] "Flood/Flash Flood" "Icy Roads"
## [635] "High Surf" "Heavy Rain/High Surf"
## [637] "Thunderstorm Wind" "Rain Damage"
## [639] "Unseasonable Cold" "Early Frost"
## [641] "Wintry Mix" "blowing snow"
## [643] "STREET FLOODING" "Record Cold"
## [645] "Extreme Cold" "Ice Fog"
## [647] "Excessive Cold" "Torrential Rainfall"
## [649] "Freezing Rain" "Landslump"
## [651] "Late-season Snowfall" "Hurricane Edouard"
## [653] "Coastal Storm" "Flood"
## [655] "HEAVY RAIN/WIND" "TIDAL FLOODING"
## [657] "Winter Weather" "Snow squalls"
## [659] "Strong Winds" "Strong winds"
## [661] "RECORD WARM TEMPS." "Ice/Snow"
## [663] "Mudslide" "Glaze"
## [665] "Extended Cold" "Snow Accumulation"
## [667] "Freezing Fog" "Drifting Snow"
## [669] "Whirlwind" "Heavy snow shower"
## [671] "Heavy rain" "LATE SNOW"
## [673] "Record May Snow" "Record Winter Snow"
## [675] "Heavy Precipitation" " COASTAL FLOOD"
## [677] "Record temperature" "Light snow"
## [679] "Late Season Snowfall" "Gusty Wind"
## [681] "small hail" "Light Snow"
## [683] "MIXED PRECIP" "Black Ice"
## [685] "Mudslides" "Gradient wind"
## [687] "Snow and Ice" "Freezing Spray"
## [689] "Summary Jan 17" "Summary of March 14"
## [691] "Summary of March 23" "Summary of March 24"
## [693] "Summary of April 3rd" "Summary of April 12"
## [695] "Summary of April 13" "Summary of April 21"
## [697] "Summary August 11" "Summary of April 27"
## [699] "Summary of May 9-10" "Summary of May 10"
## [701] "Summary of May 13" "Summary of May 14"
## [703] "Summary of May 22 am" "Summary of May 22 pm"
## [705] "Heatburst" "Summary of May 26 am"
## [707] "Summary of May 26 pm" "Metro Storm, May 26"
## [709] "Summary of May 31 am" "Summary of May 31 pm"
## [711] "Summary of June 3" "Summary of June 4"
## [713] "Summary June 5-6" "Summary June 6"
## [715] "Summary of June 11" "Summary of June 12"
## [717] "Summary of June 13" "Summary of June 15"
## [719] "Summary of June 16" "Summary June 18-19"
## [721] "Summary of June 23" "Summary of June 24"
## [723] "Summary of June 30" "Summary of July 2"
## [725] "Summary of July 3" "Summary of July 11"
## [727] "Summary of July 22" "Summary July 23-24"
## [729] "Summary of July 26" "Summary of July 29"
## [731] "Summary of August 1" "Summary August 2-3"
## [733] "Summary August 7" "Summary August 9"
## [735] "Summary August 10" "Summary August 17"
## [737] "Summary August 21" "Summary August 28"
## [739] "Summary September 4" "Summary September 20"
## [741] "Summary September 23" "Summary Sept. 25-26"
## [743] "Summary: Oct. 20-21" "Summary: October 31"
## [745] "Summary: Nov. 6-7" "Summary: Nov. 16"
## [747] "Microburst" "wet micoburst"
## [749] "Hail(0.75)" "Funnel Cloud"
## [751] "Urban Flooding" "No Severe Weather"
## [753] "Urban flood" "Urban Flood"
## [755] "Cold" "Summary of May 22"
## [757] "Summary of June 6" "Summary August 4"
## [759] "Summary of June 10" "Summary of June 18"
## [761] "Summary September 3" "Summary: Sept. 18"
## [763] "Coastal Flood" "coastal flooding"
## [765] "Small Hail" "Record Temperatures"
## [767] "Light Snowfall" "Freezing Drizzle"
## [769] "Gusty wind/rain" "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN"
## [771] "Blowing Snow" "Early snowfall"
## [773] "Monthly Snowfall" "Record Heat"
## [775] "Seasonal Snowfall" "Monthly Rainfall"
## [777] "Cold Temperature" "Sml Stream Fld"
## [779] "Heat Wave" "MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE"
## [781] "Saharan Dust" "Volcanic Ash"
## [783] "Volcanic Ash Plume" "Thundersnow shower"
## [785] "NONE" "COLD AND SNOW"
## [787] "DAM BREAK" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [789] "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "BLACK ICE"
## [791] "BLOW-OUT TIDES" "UNSEASONABLY COOL"
## [793] "TSTM HEAVY RAIN" "Gusty Winds"
## [795] "GUSTY WIND" "TSTM WIND 40"
## [797] "TSTM WIND 45" "TSTM WIND (41)"
## [799] "TSTM WIND (G40)" "TSTM WND"
## [801] "Wintry mix" " TSTM WIND"
## [803] "Frost" "Frost/Freeze"
## [805] "RAIN (HEAVY)" "Record Warmth"
## [807] "Prolong Cold" "Cold and Frost"
## [809] "URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG" "STRONG WIND GUST"
## [811] "LATE FREEZE" "BLOW-OUT TIDE"
## [813] "Hypothermia/Exposure" "HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE"
## [815] "Lake Effect Snow" "Mixed Precipitation"
## [817] "Record High" "COASTALSTORM"
## [819] "Snow and sleet" "Freezing rain"
## [821] "Gusty winds" "Blizzard Summary"
## [823] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 24-25" "SUMMARY OF MARCH 27"
## [825] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 29" "GRADIENT WIND"
## [827] "Icestorm/Blizzard" "Flood/Strong Wind"
## [829] "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING" "gradient wind"
## [831] "Freezing drizzle" "Mountain Snows"
## [833] "URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG" "Heavy surf and wind"
## [835] "Mild and Dry Pattern" "COLD AND FROST"
## [837] "TYPHOON" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [839] "HIGH SWELLS" "VOLCANIC ASH"
## [841] "DRY SPELL" " LIGHTNING"
## [843] "BEACH EROSION" "UNSEASONAL RAIN"
## [845] "EARLY RAIN" "PROLONGED RAIN"
## [847] "WINTERY MIX" "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [849] "HOT SPELL" "UNSEASONABLY HOT"
## [851] " TSTM WIND (G45)" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [853] "HIGH WIND (G40)" "TSTM WIND (G35)"
## [855] "DRY WEATHER" "ABNORMAL WARMTH"
## [857] "UNUSUAL WARMTH" "WAKE LOW WIND"
## [859] "MONTHLY RAINFALL" "COLD TEMPERATURES"
## [861] "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES" "MODERATE SNOW"
## [863] "MODERATE SNOWFALL" "URBAN/STREET FLOODING"
## [865] "COASTAL EROSION" "UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH"
## [867] "BITTER WIND CHILL" "BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [869] "SEICHE" "TSTM"
## [871] "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION" "UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR"
## [873] "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "ROCK SLIDE"
## [875] "ICE PELLETS" "PATCHY DENSE FOG"
## [877] "RECORD COOL" "RECORD WARM"
## [879] "HOT WEATHER" "RECORD TEMPERATURE"
## [881] "TROPICAL DEPRESSION" "VOLCANIC ERUPTION"
## [883] "COOL SPELL" "WIND ADVISORY"
## [885] "GUSTY WIND/HAIL" "RED FLAG FIRE WX"
## [887] "FIRST FROST" "EXCESSIVELY DRY"
## [889] "SNOW AND SLEET" "LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP"
## [891] "VOG" "MONTHLY PRECIPITATION"
## [893] "MONTHLY TEMPERATURE" "RECORD DRYNESS"
## [895] "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES" "MIXED PRECIPITATION"
## [897] "DRY CONDITIONS" "REMNANTS OF FLOYD"
## [899] "EARLY SNOWFALL" "FREEZING FOG"
## [901] "LANDSPOUT" "DRIEST MONTH"
## [903] "RECORD COLD" "LATE SEASON HAIL"
## [905] "EXCESSIVE SNOW" "DRYNESS"
## [907] "FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD" "WIND AND WAVE"
## [909] "LIGHT FREEZING RAIN" " WIND"
## [911] "MONTHLY SNOWFALL" "RECORD PRECIPITATION"
## [913] "ICE ROADS" "ROUGH SEAS"
## [915] "UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET" "UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET"
## [917] "UNUSUALLY WARM" "TSTM WIND G45"
## [919] "NON SEVERE HAIL" "NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE"
## [921] "UNUSUALLY COLD" "WARM WEATHER"
## [923] "LANDSLUMP" "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)"
## [925] "UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET" " FLASH FLOOD"
## [927] "LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN" "WIND GUSTS"
## [929] "UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP" "HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [931] "LATE SEASON SNOW" "GUSTY LAKE WIND"
## [933] "ABNORMALLY DRY" "WINTER WEATHER MIX"
## [935] "RED FLAG CRITERIA" "WND"
## [937] "CSTL FLOODING/EROSION" "SMOKE"
## [939] " WATERSPOUT" "SNOW ADVISORY"
## [941] "EXTREMELY WET" "UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW"
## [943] "VERY DRY" "RECORD LOW RAINFALL"
## [945] "ROGUE WAVE" "PROLONG WARMTH"
## [947] "ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL" "FALLING SNOW/ICE"
## [949] "DUST DEVEL" "NON-TSTM WIND"
## [951] "NON TSTM WIND" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [953] "PATCHY ICE" "HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS"
## [955] "EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT" "NORTHERN LIGHTS"
## [957] "MARINE TSTM WIND" " HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [959] "HAZARDOUS SURF" "FROST/FREEZE"
## [961] "WINTER WEATHER/MIX" "ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE"
## [963] "WHIRLWIND" "VERY WARM"
## [965] "ABNORMALLY WET" "TORNADO DEBRIS"
## [967] "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL" "ICE ON ROAD"
## [969] "DROWNING" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [971] "MARINE HAIL" "HIGH SURF ADVISORIES"
## [973] "HURRICANE/TYPHOON" "HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF"
## [975] "SLEET STORM" "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
## [977] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [979] "TSUNAMI" "DENSE SMOKE"
## [981] "LAKESHORE FLOOD" "MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [983] "MARINE STRONG WIND" "ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE"
## [985] "VOLCANIC ASHFALL"The following information is per event type
Let’s analyse the consequences of each type of event.
totalsInjuries<-sort(with(dataInjuries,tapply(INJURIES,as.factor(EVTYPE),sum)))
totalsFatalities<-sort(with(dataFatalities,tapply(FATALITIES,as.factor(EVTYPE),sum)))The following summary is about the injuries that events caused
summary(totalsInjuries)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.0 2.0 12.5 889.4 78.5 91346.0The following summary is about the fatalities that events caused
summary(totalsFatalities)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.00 1.00 4.00 90.15 19.75 5633.00The minimum value for injuries is 1 and the events that cause this number of injuries are:
row.names(totalsInjuries[which(totalsInjuries==min(totalsInjuries))])## [1] "blowing snow" "Coastal Storm"
## [3] "COASTAL STORM" "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS"
## [5] "Dust Devil" "FALLING SNOW/ICE"
## [7] "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES" "GUSTY WIND"
## [9] "Gusty Winds" "HAZARDOUS SURF"
## [11] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE" "HIGH"
## [13] "HIGH WIND 48" "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW"
## [15] "HURRICANE EMILY" "HURRICANE ERIN"
## [17] "HURRICANE OPAL" "ICE ROADS"
## [19] "LANDSLIDES" "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN"
## [21] "LIGHTNING INJURY" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [23] "NON TSTM WIND" "River Flooding"
## [25] "ROUGH SURF" "SNOW AND ICE"
## [27] "THUNDERSNOW" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13"
## [29] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL" "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS"
## [31] "TIDAL FLOODING" "TSTM WIND (G40)"
## [33] "WATERSPOUT TORNADO" "WINDS"The minimum value for fatalities is 1 and the events that cause this number of fatalities are:
row.names(totalsFatalities[which(totalsFatalities==min(totalsFatalities))])## [1] "AVALANCE" "BLACK ICE"
## [3] "blowing snow" "BLOWING SNOW"
## [5] "COASTAL FLOODING" "COASTALSTORM"
## [7] "COLD/WINDS" "DROWNING"
## [9] "Extended Cold" "FALLING SNOW/ICE"
## [11] "FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN" "FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD"
## [13] "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES" "FREEZE"
## [15] "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW" "Freezing Spray"
## [17] "FROST" "GUSTY WIND"
## [19] "Heavy Surf" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [21] "HIGH WAVES" "HURRICANE FELIX"
## [23] "HURRICANE OPAL" "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE"
## [25] "HYPOTHERMIA" "ICE ON ROAD"
## [27] "LANDSLIDES" "LIGHT SNOW"
## [29] "LIGHTNING." "Marine Accident"
## [31] "MARINE HIGH WIND" "MINOR FLOODING"
## [33] "Mudslides" "RAIN/WIND"
## [35] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "RECORD COLD"
## [37] "Snow Squalls" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [39] "Strong Winds" "THUNDERSNOW"
## [41] "THUNDERSTORM" "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)"
## [43] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52" "THUNDERTORM WINDS"
## [45] "TSTM WIND (G35)" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN"
## [47] "Whirlwind" "WIND STORM"
## [49] "WINDS" "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS"
## [51] "WINTRY MIX"The following plots (FIGURE 1) show the six events that caused the maximum injuries and fatalities values.
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
barplot(tail(totalsInjuries),main = "Injuries",ylab="Cases",
ylim = c(1,max(totalsInjuries)),las=2, col="coral")
abline(h=mean(totalsInjuries), col="darkolivegreen4",lwd=3)
barplot(tail(totalsFatalities), main = "Fatalities",ylab="Cases",
ylim = c(1,max(totalsFatalities)),las=2, col="chocolate")
abline(h=mean(totalsFatalities), col="darkolivegreen4",lwd=3)
The horizontal olive line that appears in each plot is the average value. In the case of injuries there are 158 values above the mean value. In the case of fatalities there are 168 values above the mean value.
The maximum value for injuries is 91346 and the events that cause this number of injuries are:
totalsInjuries[which(totalsInjuries==max(totalsInjuries))]## TORNADO
## 91346The maximum value for fatalities is 5633 and the events that cause this number of fatalities are:
totalsFatalities[which(totalsFatalities==max(totalsFatalities))]## TORNADO
## 5633If we put together both types of events (injuries and fatalities) we have the following summary of the events that have at least 1 case.
injuriesAndFatalities <- with(data, aggregate(INJURIES + FATALITIES ~ EVTYPE, data=data, FUN = "sum"))
names(injuriesAndFatalities) <- c("Event","Cases")
injuriesAndFatalities <- injuriesAndFatalities[injuriesAndFatalities$Cases!=0,]
injuriesAndFatalities <- injuriesAndFatalities[order(injuriesAndFatalities$Cases),]
lowers <- head(injuriesAndFatalities)
highest <- tail(injuriesAndFatalities)
summary(injuriesAndFatalities$Cases)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.00 1.75 5.00 707.60 44.25 96979.00In the following plot (FIGURE 2), we can see the six types with less cases (left) and the six types with more cases (right).
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
barplot(lowers$Cases, main = "Types with less cases",
ylab = "cases", names.arg=lowers$Event, las=2, col="deeppink4")
barplot(highest$Cases, main = "Types with more cases",
ylab = "cases", names.arg=highest$Event, las=2, col="deeppink4")
abline(h=mean(injuriesAndFatalities$Cases), col="darkolivegreen4",lwd=3)
aboveMean <- injuriesAndFatalities[injuriesAndFatalities$Cases>mean(injuriesAndFatalities$Cases),]The horizontal olive line that appears in the plot in the right is the average value. There are 18 values above the mean value (707.6045455). Those are:
print(aboveMean, row.names = FALSE)## Event Cases
## FOG 796
## BLIZZARD 906
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 972
## WILDFIRE 986
## HEAVY SNOW 1148
## HURRICANE/TYPHOON 1339
## HAIL 1376
## HIGH WIND 1385
## WINTER STORM 1527
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 1621
## ICE STORM 2064
## FLASH FLOOD 2755
## HEAT 3037
## LIGHTNING 6046
## FLOOD 7259
## TSTM WIND 7461
## EXCESSIVE HEAT 8428
## TORNADO 96979Economic consequences
The following summary shows the information of the types of events that have a total economic damage (sum of property and crop damages).
totalDamage <- with(data, aggregate(PROPDMGTotal + CROPDMGTotal ~ EVTYPE, data=data, FUN = "sum"))
names(totalDamage) <- c("Event","Total")
totalDamage <- totalDamage[totalDamage$Total>0,]
totalDamage <- totalDamage[order(totalDamage$Total),]
lowersTotals <- head(totalDamage)
highestTotals <- tail(totalDamage)
summary(totalDamage$Total)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.000e+00 1.500e+04 2.215e+05 1.105e+09 6.188e+06 1.503e+11In the following plot (FIGURE 3), we can see the six types with less economical damage (left) and the six types with more economical damage (right).
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
barplot(lowersTotals$Total, main = "Types with less economic damage",
ylab = "dollars", names.arg=lowersTotals$Event, las=2, col="turquoise4")
barplot(highestTotals$Total, main = "Types with more economic damage",
ylab = "dollars", names.arg=highestTotals$Event, las=2, col="slateblue4")
abline(h=mean(totalDamage$Total), col="violet",lwd=3)
aboveMeanTotals <- totalDamage[totalDamage$Total>mean(totalDamage$Total),]The horizontal pink line that appears in the plot in the right is the average value. There are 25 values above the mean value (1105389426). Those are:
print(aboveMeanTotals, row.names = FALSE)## Event Total
## SEVERE THUNDERSTORM 1205560000
## EXTREME COLD 1360710400
## HEAVY RAIN 1427647890
## TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL 1602500000
## THUNDERSTORM WINDS 1926613811
## HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER 2500000000
## WILD/FOREST FIRE 3108626330
## HURRICANE OPAL 3191846000
## THUNDERSTORM WIND 3897964334
## STORM SURGE/TIDE 4642038000
## TSTM WIND 5038935845
## WILDFIRE 5060586800
## HIGH WIND 5908617595
## WINTER STORM 6715441251
## TROPICAL STORM 8382236550
## ICE STORM 8967041360
## RIVER FLOOD 10148404500
## HURRICANE 14610229010
## DROUGHT 15018672000
## FLASH FLOOD 17562129167
## HAIL 18758221521
## STORM SURGE 43323541000
## TORNADO 57352114049
## HURRICANE/TYPHOON 71913712800
## FLOOD 150319678257Results
As it can be seen in the analysis, the event that is most harmful with respect to population injuries is
totalsInjuries[which(totalsInjuries==max(totalsInjuries))]## TORNADO
## 91346The event that is most harmful with respect to population fatalities is
totalsFatalities[which(totalsFatalities==max(totalsFatalities))]## TORNADO
## 5633The event that is most harmful with respect to population health is TORNADO with 96,979 cases.
On the other hand, the event that is most harmful with respect to economics is FLOOD with 150,319,678,257.00 dollars.