1 Estadísticos de tendencia central

1.0.1 Carga de datos de R

Previamente debe instalarse el paquete UsingR install.packages(“UsingR”)

library(UsingR)
## Loading required package: MASS
## Loading required package: HistData
## Loading required package: Hmisc
## Loading required package: lattice
## Loading required package: survival
## Loading required package: Formula
## Loading required package: ggplot2
## 
## Attaching package: 'Hmisc'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     format.pval, units
## 
## Attaching package: 'UsingR'
## The following object is masked from 'package:survival':
## 
##     cancer
datos <- UsingR::nym.2002
str(datos)
## 'data.frame':    1000 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ place : num  3592 13853 12256 10457 9686 ...
##  $ gender: Factor w/ 2 levels "Female","Male": 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 ...
##  $ age   : num  52 40 31 33 33 40 30 27 42 48 ...
##  $ home  : Factor w/ 165 levels "","--","AB","ABE",..: 50 107 47 91 107 103 23 50 100 15 ...
##  $ time  : num  217 273 265 256 252 ...
names(datos)
## [1] "place"  "gender" "age"    "home"   "time"
attach(datos)
## The following object is masked from package:UsingR:
## 
##     home
misdatos<-data.frame(gender,age,time)
attach(misdatos)
## The following objects are masked from datos:
## 
##     age, gender, time

1.0.2 Media, mediana y moda

mean(age)
## [1] 39.1
mean(time)
## [1] 268.5707
median(age)
## [1] 38
median(time)
## [1] 262.8417

1.0.3 moda

Previamente debe instalarse el paquete modeest install.packages(“modeest”)

library(modeest)
mfv(age)
## [1] 33
mfv(time)
## [1] 234.3167 258.3333 277.6833

2 Estadísticos de dispersión

Rango

range(age)
## [1]  5 81
range(time)
## [1] 147.3333 566.7833

Varianza

var(age)
## [1] 113.964
var(time)
## [1] 2867.682

Desviación estándar

sd(age)
## [1] 10.67539
sd(time)
## [1] 53.55074

3 Estadísticos de forma

Medidas de forma - Asimetría Previamente debe instalarse el paquete moments con el comando install.packages(“moments”)

library(moments)
## 
## Attaching package: 'moments'
## The following object is masked from 'package:modeest':
## 
##     skewness
skewness(age)
## [1] 0.6478577
skewness(time)
## [1] 1.083277

Medidas de forma - Kurtosis Previamente debe instalarse el paquete kurtosis con el comando install.packages(“kurtosis”)

kurtosis(age)-3
## [1] 0.4260955
kurtosis(time)-3
## [1] 2.654992

4 Cuantiles

summary(age)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##     5.0    31.0    38.0    39.1    46.0    81.0
summary(time)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   147.3   233.8   262.8   268.6   294.9   566.8
quantile(age,c(0.25,0.75))
## 25% 75% 
##  31  46
quantile(age,c(0.20,0.80))
##  20%  80% 
## 31.0 48.2
quantile(time,c(0.25,0.75))
##      25%      75% 
## 233.7750 294.8542
quantile(time,c(0.20,0.80))
##      20%      80% 
## 225.4367 302.7900

5 Gráficos

5.0.1 Histogramas

hist(age,col=5,breaks="Sturges")

hist(time,col=3,breaks="Scott")

5.0.2 Gráficos circulares

Previamente debe instalarse el paquete plotrix con el comando install.packages(“plotrix”)

library(plotrix)
table(gender)
## gender
## Female   Male 
##    292    708
count<-table(gender)

pie(count,main="Gráfico circular")

label<-paste(count/10,"%",sep=" ")

pie(count,labels = label,main="Gráfico circular")

pie3D(count,labels = label,explode=0.1,main="Gráfico circular 3D")

5.0.3 Gráficos de cajas

boxplot(age,col = "yellowgreen",main="Gráfico de cajas")

boxplot(time,col = "magenta", main="Gráfico de cajas")