Deprivation

People are described as being deprived when they are lacking in resources considered to be basic necessities in society. While being financially poor is a major factor in determining the level of socio-economic deprivation experienced by an individual or group, a lack of other material resources, including access to essential services, and the quality of the built and natural environment, is also important. Populations who are more deprived are considered to be more vulnerable to (and less resilient in coping with) a range of shocks and challenges. The current Coronavirus pandemic, for example, has thrown into sharp focus the relationship between deprivation and vulnerability to health and economic shocks. In Wales (and the wider UK), preliminary analysis of official data on Coronavirus infection and mortality rates has found the impact of the disease has been greater in more deprived areas of the country - a phenomenon that has been widely discussed and reported. The short and long-term economic impacts of the Coronavirus lockdown and social distancing measures is also likely to be higher in more deprived areas.

Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD)

Produced by the Welsh Government, the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) is a dataset providing statistics on relative deprivation between small geographical areas across Wales. WIMD ranks the small areas (called Lower Super Output Areas - LSOAs) from 1 (most deprived) to 1909 (least deprived). The average popualtion of an LSOA in Wales is around 1,600 people. As the measure is relative, it is not possible to say Area A is x times more deprived than Area B, only that it is more deprived. It is also important

lastest 2019. . A smilar (but not identical) indices have also been created for England, Scotland, and Northerm Ireland??

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WIMD resources

Interactive online maps are avilable (e.g. https://wimd.gov.wales/?lang=en) Welsh Government

The maps and resources were produced by Robert Berry, Countryside and Community Research Institute (www.ccri.ac.uk), University of Gloucestershire.

Based on work of A Rae -recent IMD for England available here. https://research.mysociety.org/sites/imd2019/

The Maps

Maps are designed for A4 size and are best viewed in hardcopy using a good quality printer at high resilutuon.

Acknoeldgements - funded University of Glos. R Fry

Tags - ONS, bbc wakes, #gischat #rstats #qgis public health Wales, Alistair Rae, rich fry, CCRI, Lucy Clarke, glosgeog, wag - social, senedd research.

Methodology

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QGIS layout - show the raw template

Data preparation in R

#> BETTER DESCRIPTION HERE


#> This code joins the stats tables in the project folder "Data > In > 2_WIMD_Stats_CSVs" to the spatial data for LSOAs in "Data > In > 1_Shapefiles > LSOA_Wales_2011" and combines then into a single (spatial) dataset ready for analysis and visulisation in QGIS. It also adds a "Local Authority attribute to the data using a LSOA to LA lookup file. 

#> LOAD LIBRARIES
library(sf) 
library(tidyverse) 
library(here)

#> Create list of any previouly generated WIMD shapefile outputs
shapes.WIMD <- here("Data", "Out", "Shapefiles", "WIMD")