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The question of “value” vs. “price” has been at the forefront of philosophers" minds since as early as the time of Plato. Why is it that a tiny quantity of diamonds are so much more valuable than that same quantity of water, when water is so much more necessary for life to continue functioning, whereas diamonds are not.
This is a question that you guys are equipped to answer now! However, I want you to see the paradox in two frameworks we covered this week.
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1.)
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I want you to imagine for a second that you are a consumer with 72.00$ in budget to spend on either water or diamonds. Calculate the optimal consumption of both water and diamonds assuming both cost $3 each, using the table of utilities below.
| Quantity | Total Utility Diamonds | MU Diamonds | Total Utility Water | MU Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
|
200 |
|
| 2 | 140 |
|
280 |
|
| 3 | 170 |
|
340 |
|
| 4 | 199 |
|
375 |
|
| 5 | 237 |
|
405 |
|
| 6 | 245 |
|
430 |
|
| 7 | 250 |
|
450 |
|
| 8 | 252 |
|
465 |
|
| 9 | 253 |
|
475 |
|
| 10 | 253 |
|
484 |
|
| 11 | 252 |
|
491 |
|
| 12 | 250 |
|
496 |
|
| 13 | 245 |
|
500 |
|
| 14 | 240 |
|
503 |
|
| 15 | 235 |
|
505 |
|
| 16 | 225 |
|
505 |
|
| 17 | 215 |
|
503 |
|
| 18 | 200 |
|
495 |
|
| 19 | 170 |
|
480 |
|
| 20 | 120 |
|
460 |
|
How many Diamonds are Purchased, how many waters? What is the total value for each? Do I have money left over? Why?
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2.) \(~\) Now, change the price of diamonds to $30. How many diamonds and waters do I buy?
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3.)
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Now, using a typical indifference curve, illustrate how, given some fixed total utility level, one might still buy diamonds under prices much higher than that of water.
Using terms from the course, explain the diamond-water paradox.
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