Informe global

Se encuestaron 1085 estudiantes, de los cuales 528 pertenecía a 1er año y 557 a 2do año.

Variables demográficas

Características demográficas de los estudiantes según año
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
Año
   1er año 45 (42.9%) 60 (53.1%) 72 (53.7%) 117 (46.8%) 120 (55.8%) 114 (42.5%) 528 (48.7%)
   2do año 60 (57.1%) 53 (46.9%) 62 (46.3%) 133 (53.2%) 95 (44.2%) 154 (57.5%) 557 (51.3%)
Género
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
   Femenino 67 (63.8%) 57 (50.4%) 75 (56.0%) 129 (51.6%) 109 (50.7%) 120 (45.5%) 557 (51.5%)
   Masculino 38 (36.2%) 54 (47.8%) 59 (44.0%) 120 (48.0%) 103 (47.9%) 141 (53.4%) 515 (47.6%)
   Otro 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.8%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.4%) 3 (1.4%) 3 (1.1%) 9 (0.8%)
Edad, en años
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
   Mean (SD) 12.97 (0.71) 12.80 (0.72) 12.91 (0.74) 13.02 (0.80) 13.09 (0.98) 13.27 (0.93) 13.05 (0.86)
   Range 12.00 - 14.00 12.00 - 15.00 12.00 - 15.00 12.00 - 16.00 12.00 - 16.00 12.00 - 16.00 12.00 - 16.00
Nivel educativo de la madre
   No parent 0 (0.0%) 4 (3.5%) 1 (0.7%) 2 (0.8%) 4 (1.9%) 1 (0.4%) 12 (1.1%)
   primary complete or less 1 (1.0%) 8 (7.1%) 9 (6.7%) 27 (10.8%) 28 (13.0%) 47 (17.5%) 120 (11.1%)
   Secondary in/complete 26 (24.8%) 53 (46.9%) 72 (53.7%) 103 (41.2%) 112 (52.1%) 134 (50.0%) 500 (46.1%)
   University in/complete 63 (60.0%) 43 (38.1%) 31 (23.1%) 77 (30.8%) 45 (20.9%) 33 (12.3%) 292 (26.9%)
   Unknown education 15 (14.3%) 5 (4.4%) 21 (15.7%) 41 (16.4%) 26 (12.1%) 53 (19.8%) 161 (14.8%)
Nivel educativo del padre
   No parent 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.5%) 1 (0.4%) 2 (0.2%)
   primary complete or less 1 (1.0%) 7 (6.2%) 7 (5.2%) 19 (7.6%) 27 (12.6%) 40 (14.9%) 101 (9.3%)
   Secondary in/complete 16 (15.2%) 45 (39.8%) 67 (50.0%) 115 (46.0%) 122 (56.7%) 152 (56.7%) 517 (47.6%)
   University in/complete 80 (76.2%) 57 (50.4%) 44 (32.8%) 92 (36.8%) 49 (22.8%) 41 (15.3%) 363 (33.5%)
   Unknown education 8 (7.6%) 4 (3.5%) 16 (11.9%) 24 (9.6%) 16 (7.4%) 34 (12.7%) 102 (9.4%)
Nivel socioeconómico. Bienes materiales
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
   bajo 6 (5.7%) 17 (15.0%) 15 (11.2%) 60 (24.1%) 62 (28.8%) 100 (37.3%) 260 (24.0%)
   medio 50 (47.6%) 65 (57.5%) 73 (54.5%) 149 (59.8%) 99 (46.0%) 134 (50.0%) 570 (52.6%)
   alto 49 (46.7%) 31 (27.4%) 46 (34.3%) 40 (16.1%) 54 (25.1%) 34 (12.7%) 254 (23.4%)
Nivel socioeconómico autopercibido, rango 1-10
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
   Mean (SD) 6.75 (1.18) 6.43 (1.57) 6.88 (1.57) 6.28 (1.65) 6.47 (1.67) 6.21 (1.72) 6.44 (1.63)
   Range 3.00 - 10.00 3.00 - 10.00 3.00 - 10.00 1.00 - 10.00 1.00 - 10.00 1.00 - 10.00 1.00 - 10.00

Comportamiento alimentario

En general

Conductas alimenticias saludables y no saludables
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
Consume frutas frescas al menos 2 veces diarias
   N-Miss 2 0 1 2 8 4 17
   sí 18 (17.5%) 18 (15.9%) 23 (17.3%) 38 (15.3%) 40 (19.3%) 41 (15.5%) 178 (16.7%)
   no 85 (82.5%) 95 (84.1%) 110 (82.7%) 210 (84.7%) 167 (80.7%) 223 (84.5%) 890 (83.3%)
Consume verduras al menos 2 veces diarias
   N-Miss 4 1 2 6 10 7 30
   sí 15 (14.9%) 21 (18.8%) 24 (18.2%) 44 (18.0%) 39 (19.0%) 32 (12.3%) 175 (16.6%)
   no 86 (85.1%) 91 (81.2%) 108 (81.8%) 200 (82.0%) 166 (81.0%) 229 (87.7%) 880 (83.4%)
Consume agua al menos 6 veces por día
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
   sí 45 (42.9%) 56 (49.6%) 67 (50.0%) 124 (49.6%) 103 (47.9%) 140 (52.6%) 535 (49.4%)
   no 60 (57.1%) 57 (50.4%) 67 (50.0%) 126 (50.4%) 112 (52.1%) 126 (47.4%) 548 (50.6%)
Consume bebidas azucaradas al menos 1 vez diaria
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 1 3 4
   sí 36 (34.3%) 57 (50.4%) 67 (50.0%) 119 (47.6%) 114 (53.3%) 152 (57.4%) 545 (50.4%)
   no 69 (65.7%) 56 (49.6%) 67 (50.0%) 131 (52.4%) 100 (46.7%) 113 (42.6%) 536 (49.6%)
Consume en lugares de comida rápida al menos 2 veces por semana
   N-Miss 1 1 0 0 2 3 7
   sí 4 (3.8%) 7 (6.2%) 7 (5.2%) 24 (9.6%) 33 (15.5%) 50 (18.9%) 125 (11.6%)
   no 100 (96.2%) 105 (93.8%) 127 (94.8%) 226 (90.4%) 180 (84.5%) 215 (81.1%) 953 (88.4%)
Come sola/o frecuentemente o siempre 13 (12.4%) 26 (23.0%) 17 (12.7%) 64 (25.6%) 63 (29.3%) 77 (28.7%) 260 (24.0%)
desayuno
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
   sí 55 (52.4%) 50 (44.2%) 53 (39.6%) 93 (37.2%) 98 (45.6%) 134 (50.2%) 483 (44.6%)
   no 50 (47.6%) 63 (55.8%) 81 (60.4%) 157 (62.8%) 117 (54.4%) 133 (49.8%) 601 (55.4%)
almuerzo
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
   sí 87 (82.9%) 89 (78.8%) 113 (84.3%) 182 (72.8%) 157 (73.0%) 179 (67.0%) 807 (74.4%)
   no 18 (17.1%) 24 (21.2%) 21 (15.7%) 68 (27.2%) 58 (27.0%) 88 (33.0%) 277 (25.6%)
merienda
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
   sí 47 (44.8%) 44 (38.9%) 57 (42.5%) 106 (42.4%) 99 (46.5%) 136 (50.7%) 489 (45.2%)
   no 58 (55.2%) 69 (61.1%) 77 (57.5%) 144 (57.6%) 114 (53.5%) 132 (49.3%) 594 (54.8%)
cena
   N-Miss 0 0 1 0 0 2 3
   sí 91 (86.7%) 92 (81.4%) 97 (72.9%) 174 (69.6%) 176 (81.9%) 205 (77.1%) 835 (77.2%)
   no 14 (13.3%) 21 (18.6%) 36 (27.1%) 76 (30.4%) 39 (18.1%) 61 (22.9%) 247 (22.8%)

Obesidad y sobrepeso

Utilizando los datos de peso y altura, se calculó el índice de masa corporal. El índice se estandarizó utilizando valores de referencia de la OMS por género y edad. Se determinó presencia de sobrepeso (2<Z<3) y obesidad (Z>3).

La tasa de no respuesta para peso y altura fue de 38.71% para peso y de 31.8% para altura. En consecuencia, solo se cuenta con indicadores de obesidad y sobrepeso para el 54.29% de los estudiantes. La tasa de no respuesta fue de 47.57% en chicos y de 44.52% en chicas.

Indicadores de malnutrición
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
Malnutrición
   N-Miss 34 34 49 127 93 169 506
   obesidad 2 (2.8%) 12 (15.2%) 15 (17.6%) 11 (8.9%) 8 (6.6%) 18 (18.2%) 66 (11.4%)
   sobrepeso 16 (22.5%) 19 (24.1%) 19 (22.4%) 42 (34.1%) 42 (34.4%) 31 (31.3%) 169 (29.2%)
   sin obesidad ni sobrepeso 53 (74.6%) 48 (60.8%) 51 (60.0%) 70 (56.9%) 72 (59.0%) 50 (50.5%) 344 (59.4%)

Se indagó sobre la autopercepción de su propio peso. En este caso, el porcentaje de no respuesta fue menor 28.57%.

Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas

Consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas ilícitas
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
Fumó cigarrillos al menos 1 de los últimos 30 días
   sí 3 (2.9%) 3 (2.7%) 4 (3.0%) 26 (10.4%) 18 (8.4%) 43 (16.0%) 97 (8.9%)
   no 102 (97.1%) 110 (97.3%) 130 (97.0%) 224 (89.6%) 197 (91.6%) 225 (84.0%) 988 (91.1%)
Probó cigarrillos electrónicos al menos una vez en la vida
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
   sí 9 (8.6%) 9 (8.0%) 20 (14.9%) 34 (13.6%) 27 (12.6%) 52 (19.5%) 151 (13.9%)
   no 96 (91.4%) 104 (92.0%) 114 (85.1%) 216 (86.4%) 188 (87.4%) 215 (80.5%) 933 (86.1%)
Bebió alcohol al menos 1 de los últimos 30 días
   sí 22 (21.0%) 27 (23.9%) 34 (25.4%) 79 (31.6%) 81 (37.7%) 135 (50.4%) 378 (34.8%)
   no 83 (79.0%) 86 (76.1%) 100 (74.6%) 171 (68.4%) 134 (62.3%) 133 (49.6%) 707 (65.2%)
Bebió alcohol por primera vez antes de los 14 años de edad (de los que bebieron alguna vez)
   N-Miss 69 62 59 123 85 88 486
   no 10 (27.8%) 25 (49.0%) 30 (40.0%) 54 (42.5%) 56 (43.1%) 64 (35.6%) 239 (39.9%)
   sí 26 (72.2%) 26 (51.0%) 45 (60.0%) 73 (57.5%) 74 (56.9%) 116 (64.4%) 360 (60.1%)
Se emborrachó al menos una vez en la vida
   sí 11 (10.5%) 10 (8.8%) 12 (9.0%) 31 (12.4%) 41 (19.1%) 72 (26.9%) 177 (16.3%)
   no 94 (89.5%) 103 (91.2%) 122 (91.0%) 219 (87.6%) 174 (80.9%) 196 (73.1%) 908 (83.7%)
edad_inicio_alc
   10 a 11 7 (6.7%) 11 (9.7%) 22 (16.4%) 40 (16.0%) 32 (14.9%) 50 (18.7%) 162 (14.9%)
   12 a 13 19 (18.1%) 15 (13.3%) 23 (17.2%) 33 (13.2%) 42 (19.5%) 66 (24.6%) 198 (18.2%)
   14 o más 2 (1.9%) 1 (0.9%) 1 (0.7%) 5 (2.0%) 20 (9.3%) 11 (4.1%) 40 (3.7%)
   7 a 9 8 (7.6%) 24 (21.2%) 29 (21.6%) 49 (19.6%) 36 (16.7%) 53 (19.8%) 199 (18.3%)
   no bebedor 69 (65.7%) 62 (54.9%) 59 (44.0%) 123 (49.2%) 85 (39.5%) 88 (32.8%) 486 (44.8%)
Consumió drogas al menos una vez en la vida
   sí 2 (1.9%) 1 (0.9%) 2 (1.5%) 19 (7.6%) 11 (5.1%) 21 (7.8%) 56 (5.2%)
   no 103 (98.1%) 112 (99.1%) 132 (98.5%) 231 (92.4%) 204 (94.9%) 247 (92.2%) 1029 (94.8%)
Consumió marihuana al menos una vez en la vida
   N-Miss 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
   sí 3 (2.9%) 2 (1.8%) 2 (1.5%) 15 (6.0%) 12 (5.6%) 19 (7.1%) 53 (4.9%)
   no 102 (97.1%) 111 (98.2%) 132 (98.5%) 235 (94.0%) 203 (94.4%) 248 (92.9%) 1031 (95.1%)

Actividad física

Se indagó la cantidad de horas semanales en los que los estudiantes practicaban actividad física fuera de la escuela y según sus respuestas se determinó:

Además se determinó el porcentaje de estudiantes que pasaron 3 o más horas sentados fuera de la escuela durante un día típico habitual.

Actividad física
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
activo como máximo 2 hs semanales
   sí 17 (16.2%) 31 (27.4%) 41 (30.6%) 81 (32.4%) 67 (31.2%) 93 (34.7%) 330 (30.4%)
   no 88 (83.8%) 82 (72.6%) 93 (69.4%) 169 (67.6%) 148 (68.8%) 175 (65.3%) 755 (69.6%)
Pasó 3 o más horas diarias sentado
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
   sí 63 (60.0%) 63 (55.8%) 80 (59.7%) 149 (59.8%) 100 (46.5%) 135 (50.4%) 590 (54.4%)
   no 42 (40.0%) 50 (44.2%) 54 (40.3%) 100 (40.2%) 115 (53.5%) 133 (49.6%) 494 (45.6%)

Salud mental

Se indagaron 3 factores de riesgo de salud mental: falta de amigos cercanos, sentimiento de soledad, de preocupación e intención suicida.

Salud mental y Clima escolar
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
sin amigos cercanos
   N-Miss 1 0 0 2 0 0 3
   sí 2 (1.9%) 4 (3.5%) 2 (1.5%) 8 (3.2%) 4 (1.9%) 9 (3.4%) 29 (2.7%)
   no 102 (98.1%) 109 (96.5%) 132 (98.5%) 240 (96.8%) 211 (98.1%) 259 (96.6%) 1053 (97.3%)
consideró seriamente la posibilidad de suicidarse
   N-Miss 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
   sí 13 (12.4%) 10 (8.8%) 29 (21.6%) 50 (20.2%) 43 (20.0%) 53 (19.8%) 198 (18.3%)
   no 92 (87.6%) 103 (91.2%) 105 (78.4%) 198 (79.8%) 172 (80.0%) 215 (80.2%) 885 (81.7%)
estuvo tan preocupada/o por algo que no podía dormir de noche
   N-Miss 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
   sí 60 (57.1%) 56 (49.6%) 76 (56.7%) 128 (51.6%) 119 (55.3%) 142 (53.0%) 581 (53.6%)
   no 45 (42.9%) 57 (50.4%) 58 (43.3%) 120 (48.4%) 96 (44.7%) 126 (47.0%) 502 (46.4%)
se sintió sola/o frecuentemente
   N-Miss 0 0 0 2 1 1 4
   sí 36 (34.3%) 31 (27.4%) 48 (35.8%) 92 (37.1%) 80 (37.4%) 110 (41.2%) 397 (36.7%)
   no 69 (65.7%) 82 (72.6%) 86 (64.2%) 156 (62.9%) 134 (62.6%) 157 (58.8%) 684 (63.3%)
Fue víctima de agresión física
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
   sí 23 (21.9%) 24 (21.2%) 36 (26.9%) 47 (18.9%) 51 (23.7%) 77 (28.7%) 258 (23.8%)
   no 82 (78.1%) 89 (78.8%) 98 (73.1%) 202 (81.1%) 164 (76.3%) 191 (71.3%) 826 (76.2%)
participó de una pelea física
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
   sí 24 (22.9%) 17 (15.0%) 42 (31.3%) 56 (22.5%) 59 (27.4%) 92 (34.3%) 290 (26.8%)
   no 81 (77.1%) 96 (85.0%) 92 (68.7%) 193 (77.5%) 156 (72.6%) 176 (65.7%) 794 (73.2%)
sufrió de bullying en la escuela
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
   sí 23 (21.9%) 17 (15.0%) 21 (15.7%) 44 (17.7%) 53 (24.7%) 60 (22.5%) 218 (20.1%)
   no 82 (78.1%) 96 (85.0%) 113 (84.3%) 205 (82.3%) 162 (75.3%) 207 (77.5%) 865 (79.9%)
sufrió de bullying fuera de la escuela
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 1 2 4
   sí 14 (13.3%) 17 (15.0%) 22 (16.4%) 41 (16.5%) 35 (16.4%) 44 (16.5%) 173 (16.0%)
   no 91 (86.7%) 96 (85.0%) 112 (83.6%) 208 (83.5%) 179 (83.6%) 222 (83.5%) 908 (84.0%)
sufrió de bullying por internet
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
   sí 13 (12.4%) 25 (22.1%) 26 (19.4%) 49 (19.7%) 45 (20.9%) 62 (23.2%) 220 (20.3%)
   no 92 (87.6%) 88 (77.9%) 108 (80.6%) 200 (80.3%) 170 (79.1%) 205 (76.8%) 863 (79.7%)
conectividad escolar, rango 1-5
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
   Mean (SD) 2.07 (0.70) 1.83 (0.62) 2.27 (0.68) 2.20 (0.73) 2.40 (0.78) 2.32 (0.81) 2.23 (0.76)
   Range 1.00 - 3.60 1.00 - 5.00 1.00 - 4.00 1.00 - 4.20 1.00 - 5.00 1.00 - 4.80 1.00 - 5.00

Vulnerabilidad

Se identificaron estudiantes vulnerables en tres dimensiones:

Indicadores de vulnerabilidad
PRIV-ALTO (N=105) PRIV-MEDIO (N=113) PRIV-BAJO (N=134) PUBL-ALTO (N=250) PUBL-MEDIO (N=215) PUBL-BAJO (N=268) Total (N=1085)
vulnerabilidad alimentaria
   N-Miss 34 34 49 127 93 169 506
   sí 18 (25.4%) 31 (39.2%) 34 (40.0%) 53 (43.1%) 50 (41.0%) 49 (49.5%) 235 (40.6%)
   no 53 (74.6%) 48 (60.8%) 51 (60.0%) 70 (56.9%) 72 (59.0%) 50 (50.5%) 344 (59.4%)
vulnerable a violencia escolar
   N-Miss 0 0 0 1 0 1 2
   sí 38 (36.2%) 31 (27.4%) 45 (33.6%) 73 (29.3%) 76 (35.3%) 105 (39.3%) 368 (34.0%)
   no 67 (63.8%) 82 (72.6%) 89 (66.4%) 176 (70.7%) 139 (64.7%) 162 (60.7%) 715 (66.0%)
vulnerabilidad en salud mental
   N-Miss 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
   sí 13 (12.4%) 10 (8.8%) 29 (21.6%) 50 (20.2%) 43 (20.0%) 53 (19.8%) 198 (18.3%)
   no 92 (87.6%) 103 (91.2%) 105 (78.4%) 198 (79.8%) 172 (80.0%) 215 (80.2%) 885 (81.7%)
número de indicadores de vulnerabilidad
   0 77 (73.3%) 75 (66.4%) 77 (57.5%) 160 (64.0%) 130 (60.5%) 172 (64.2%) 691 (63.7%)
   1 15 (14.3%) 28 (24.8%) 28 (20.9%) 40 (16.0%) 42 (19.5%) 43 (16.0%) 196 (18.1%)
   2 10 (9.5%) 7 (6.2%) 23 (17.2%) 37 (14.8%) 35 (16.3%) 47 (17.5%) 159 (14.7%)
   3 3 (2.9%) 3 (2.7%) 6 (4.5%) 13 (5.2%) 8 (3.7%) 6 (2.2%) 39 (3.6%)