Title

die <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
die

## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6

is.vector(die)

## [1] TRUE

five <- 5
five

## [1] 5

is.vector(five)

## [1] TRUE

length(five)

## [1] 1

length(die)

## [1] 6

int <- 1L
int <- c(1L, 5L)
sum(int)

## [1] 6

die <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
die

## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6

typeof(die)

## [1] "double"

int <- c(-1L, 2L, 4L)
int

## [1] -1  2  4

typeof(int)

## [1] "integer"

sqrt(2)^2 - 2

## [1] 4.440892e-16

text <- c("Hello",  "World")
text

## [1] "Hello" "World"

typeof(text)

## [1] "character"

typeof("Hello")

## [1] "character"

3 > 4

## [1] FALSE

logic <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
logic

## [1]  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

typeof(logic)

## [1] "logical"

typeof(F)

## [1] "logical"

comp <- c(1 + 1i, 1 + 2i, 1 + 3i)
comp

## [1] 1+1i 1+2i 1+3i

typeof(comp)

## [1] "complex"

raw(3)

## [1] 00 00 00

typeof(raw(3))

## [1] "raw"

m <- matrix(die, nrow = 2)
m

##      [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,]    1    3    5
## [2,]    2    4    6

m <- matrix(die, nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)
m

##      [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,]    1    2    3
## [2,]    4    5    6

ar <- array(c(11:14, 21:24, 31:34), dim = c(2, 2, 3))
ar

## , , 1
## 
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   11   13
## [2,]   12   14
## 
## , , 2
## 
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   21   23
## [2,]   22   24
## 
## , , 3
## 
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   31   33
## [2,]   32   34

## , , 1
## 
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   11   13
## [2,]   12   14
## 
## , , 2
## 
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   21   23
## [2,]   22   24
## 
## , , 3
## 
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   31   33
## [2,]   32   34

##      [,1]    [,2]    
## [1,] "ace"   "spades"
## [2,] "king"  "spades"
## [3,] "queen" "spades"
## [4,] "jack"  "spades"
## [5,] "ten"   "spades"

hand1 <- c("ace", "king", "queen", "jack", "ten", "spades", "spades",
           "spades", "spades", "spades")

matrix(hand1, nrow = 5)

##      [,1]    [,2]    
## [1,] "ace"   "spades"
## [2,] "king"  "spades"
## [3,] "queen" "spades"
## [4,] "jack"  "spades"
## [5,] "ten"   "spades"

matrix(hand1, ncol = 2)

##      [,1]    [,2]    
## [1,] "ace"   "spades"
## [2,] "king"  "spades"
## [3,] "queen" "spades"
## [4,] "jack"  "spades"
## [5,] "ten"   "spades"

dim(hand1) <- c(5, 2)

hand2 <- c("ace", "spades", "king", "spades", "queen", "spades", "jack",
           "spades", "ten", "spades")

matrix(hand2, nrow = 5, byrow = TRUE)

##      [,1]    [,2]    
## [1,] "ace"   "spades"
## [2,] "king"  "spades"
## [3,] "queen" "spades"
## [4,] "jack"  "spades"
## [5,] "ten"   "spades"

matrix(hand2, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)

##      [,1]    [,2]    
## [1,] "ace"   "spades"
## [2,] "king"  "spades"
## [3,] "queen" "spades"
## [4,] "jack"  "spades"
## [5,] "ten"   "spades"

list1 <- list(100:130, "R", list(TRUE, FALSE))
list1

## [[1]]
##  [1] 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
## [20] 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130
## 
## [[2]]
## [1] "R"
## 
## [[3]]
## [[3]][[1]]
## [1] TRUE
## 
## [[3]][[2]]
## [1] FALSE

card <- list("ace", "hearts", 1)
card

## [[1]]
## [1] "ace"
## 
## [[2]]
## [1] "hearts"
## 
## [[3]]
## [1] 1

df <- data.frame(face = c("ace", "two", "six"),
                 suit = c("clubs", "clubs", "clubs"), value = c(1, 2, 3))
df

##   face  suit value
## 1  ace clubs     1
## 2  two clubs     2
## 3  six clubs     3

typeof(df)

## [1] "list"

class(df)

## [1] "data.frame"

str(df)

## 'data.frame':	3 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ face : chr  "ace" "two" "six"
##  $ suit : chr  "clubs" "clubs" "clubs"
##  $ value: num  1 2 3

df <- data.frame(face = c("ace", "two", "six"),
                 suit = c("clubs", "clubs", "clubs"), value = c(1, 2, 3),
                 stringsAsFactors = FALSE)


##   face     suit value
##   king   spades    13
##  queen   spades    12
##   jack   spades    11
##    ten   spades    10
##   nine   spades     9
##  eight   spades     8
##  seven   spades     7
##    six   spades     6
##   five   spades     5
##   four   spades     4
##  three   spades     3
##    two   spades     2
##    ace   spades     1
##   king    clubs    13
##  queen    clubs    12
##   jack    clubs    11
##    ten    clubs    10
##   ... and so on.

deck <- data.frame(
  face = c("king", "queen", "jack", "ten", "nine", "eight", "seven", "six",
           "five", "four", "three", "two", "ace", "king", "queen", "jack", "ten",
           "nine", "eight", "seven", "six", "five", "four", "three", "two", "ace",
           "king", "queen", "jack", "ten", "nine", "eight", "seven", "six", "five",
           "four", "three", "two", "ace", "king", "queen", "jack", "ten", "nine",
           "eight", "seven", "six", "five", "four", "three", "two", "ace"),
  suit = c("spades", "spades", "spades", "spades", "spades", "spades",
           "spades", "spades", "spades", "spades", "spades", "spades", "spades",
           "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs",
           "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "clubs", "diamonds", "diamonds",
           "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds",
           "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds", "diamonds", "hearts",
           "hearts", "hearts", "hearts", "hearts", "hearts", "hearts", "hearts",
           "hearts", "hearts", "hearts", "hearts", "hearts"),
  value = c(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8,
            7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 13, 12, 11,
            10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
)